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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
( R e d i r e c t e d f r o m T e c h n o l o g y c l u s t e r ) Xerox Parc in 1977, an important technology lab in California's Silicon Valley
This is a list some of technology centers throughout the world. Government planners and business networks often incorporate "silicon" or "valley" into place names to describe their own areas as a result of the success of Silicon Valley in California . Metrics may be applied to measure qualitative differences between these places, including:
How much and to what extent public and/or private research and development (R&D ) funds are spent in the zones
What percentage of local employment is technology related
If the zone is mainly government funded or is mainly corporate driven (or is it a mix of both)
If mainly corporate, how much revenue and profit and which corporations have headquarters there
If mainly corporate, how much venture capital has been made available to companies in the zone
What supporting higher educational institutions (e.g., universities or colleges) are located nearby
Globally prominent clusters [ edit ]
Silicon Valley : Originating in Stanford University (Palo Alto and Menlo Park), and spreading south towards San Jose, California , and suburbs. San Francisco and nearby areas including Berkeley and Oakland are technically not part of Silicon Valley but have seen growth in industries such as web development since the 90s and venture capital . Silicon Valley, home to two of the largest Big Tech companies, Apple and Google , has maintained dominance for decades in core industries such as microprocessor development as well as software and apps development[1] [2]
Greater Seattle : one of the largest tech clusters in the world, home to two of the largest & wealthiest Big Tech companies: Microsoft and Amazon , as well as Boeing , Nintendo , and most other major tech players have significant presence and research centers in Greater Seattle. University of Washington and Puget Sound vicinity is also home to a large numbers of notable companies & startups in Life Sciences, biotechnology, medical, video/online game, aerospace, aviation, fintech, technology investment, funds, venture capital, as well as various research & technology centers
Cambridge Cluster : The name given to the region around Cambridge, England , which is home to a large cluster of high-tech businesses focusing on software, electronics and biotechnology, among others AstraZeneca . Many of these businesses have connections with the University of Cambridge , and the area is now one of the most important technology centres in Europe
IT cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar , Germany: Europe's largest software cluster, is globally dominant in business software , IT security research and biopharmaceuticals
Shenzhen -Hong Kong Greater Bay Area: Asia's largest technology cluster, is globally dominant in tech manufacturing, consumer software , research, serving global and largest tech consumer market. Home to some of the largest global tech companies, such as Tencent and others
Geneva , Switzerland is globally dominant in particle physics at CERN and various frontier scientific & technology research
Greater Shanghai , including Hangzhou and others in Yangtze River Delta, is globally dominant technology cluster with companies such as Alibaba , Apple , Amazon and Tesla global manufacturing
Dulles Technology Corridor is globally dominant in telecom, satellite, and defense industries
Hsinchu Science Park : Greater Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County , Taiwan is the dominant area worldwide for pure-play semiconductor foundry market
Silicon Alley is a portion of Manhattan , New York City, that encompasses Broadway , the Flatiron District , SoHo , and TriBeCa technology centers
Silicon Wadi : An area with a high concentration of high-tech industries[3] coastal plain in Israel .
Eindhoven , The Netherlands is a leading area in technology, stems from Eindhoven University of Technology , ASML and Philips .
Toronto and Waterloo Region is a globally prominent technology corridor with companies such as BlackBerry , Desire2Learn and research centers including the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics and MaRS Discovery District .
Cameroon
Egypt
Kenya
Konza Technology City : launched in 2013, and set to host business process outsourcing (BPO) ventures, a science park, and other facilities
Mauritius
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Zambia
Middle East and North Africa [ edit ]
United Arab Emirates
Palestine
Iran
Americas [ edit ]
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Canada's Technology Triangle with Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario : home to BlackBerry (formerly Research in Motion ), Open Text , Kik Messenger , Desire2Learn , and the Canadian head office of Google ; home to the Communitech HUB start-up incubator
Greater Vancouver , British Columbia : home to Sony Pictures Imageworks , PMC-Sierra , Telus , Hootsuite , EA Canada , Vision Critical , MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates , Westport Innovations , Slack Technologies , Teradici and D-Wave Systems
Silicon Valley North: the National Capital Region around Ottawa , Ontario , Bayview Yards ,—home to Mitel , Shopify , DragonWave , Alcatel Lucent , and Halogen Software
Markham, Ontario : home to the Canadian head offices of Sony , Avaya , IBM , Motorola , Toshiba , Lucent , Sun Microsystems , American Express and AMD Graphics Product Group
Greater Toronto Area : specifically Toronto , Mississauga , Brampton , Markham
Cité Multimédia , Montreal
Technoparc Montreal
Chile
Guatemala
Mexico
United States
Automation Alley: Metropolitan Detroit , primarily Oakland County, Michigan
Cummings Research Park : Huntsville, Alabama
Denver Tech Center : Denver, Colorado
Dulles Technology Corridor : Northern Virginia near Washington Dulles Airport
Greater Seattle
Golden Corridor : Near Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport and Northwest Suburbs
Greater Reno, Nevada
Illinois Technology and Research Corridor : DuPage County, Illinois
New Mexico Technology Corridor: Los Alamos to Las Cruces , centered on Albuquerque metropolitan area
Optics Valley : Tucson, Arizona
Research Triangle : Raleigh –Durham –Chapel Hill, North Carolina , centered on Research Triangle Park
Route 128 : Eastern Massachusetts
Silicon Alley : New York City
Silicon Beach : Playa Vista in West Los Angeles
Silicon Hills : Austin, Texas and its suburbs
Silicon Forest : Portland, Oregon
Silicon Peach : Atlanta
Silicon Prairie : Metropolitan Dallas (primarily the northern region and its suburbs)
Silicon Slopes : Salt Lake City, Utah including Utah County (Provo, Utah ) and Summit County (Park City, Utah ) and surrounding areas.
Silicon Speedway: Indianapolis, Indiana
Silicon Valley
Tech Coast: broadly Southern California , Silicon Beach refers to emergent Santa Monica –LAX tech cluster.
Tech Valley : The Capital District area of Albany, New York
Telecom Corridor (an area in the Silicon Prairie ): Richardson , suburb of Dallas, Texas
Texas Medical Center : Houston, Texas
Uruguay
Zhongguancun in Beijing .Sri City Business Centre
China
Hong Kong
India
Chennai: DLF Cyber City , Mahindra World City , Ramanujan IT City , SIPCOT IT Park , TIDEL Park , Olympia Tech Park , One Indiabulls Park , International Tech Park , Information Technology Investment Region , Ambattur Industrial Estate , Guindy Industrial Estate , EMS Corridor , SEZ Corridor , Entertainment Corridor , IT Corridor , Automotive Corridor
Bangalore: Electronic City , International Tech Park , Manyata Embassy Business Park , Bagmane Tech Park , Global Village Tech Park
Thiruvananthapuram: Technopark , Technocity, Thiruvananthapuram
Kochi: Cyber City , InfoPark , SmartCity , Muthoot Technopolis
Hyderabad: HITEC City , Genome Valley
Pune: Cyber City Hinjawadi , Magarpatta
Kolkata: Salt Lake Electronics Complex
Delhi: Delhi IT Park
Gurgaon: Cyber City
Noida: DLF IT Park
Lucknow: IT City
Navi Mumbai: Dhirubhai Ambani Knowledge City
Alappuzha: Infopark, Cherthala
Kozhikode: Cyberpark
Kollam: Technopark
Thrissur: InfoPark
Tirupati: Sri City
Coimbatore: KCT Tech Park
Tiruchirappalli: ELCOT IT Park
Bhubaneswar: Info Valley,[6] [7] [8] [9]
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Tel Aviv /Mediterranean Coastal Region: referred to as Silicon Wadi high-tech industries[3] coastal plain in Israel . Israel as a whole country has a strong high-tech sector. The Silicon Wadi area covers much of the country, although especially high concentrations of hi-tech industry can be found in Tel Aviv and its metropolitan area, known as Gush Dan , including small clusters around the cities of Ra'anana , Petah Tikva , Herzliya , Netanya , the academic city of Rehovot and its neighbor Rishon LeZion . In addition, hi-tech clusters can be found in Haifa and Caesarea . Jerusalem also has significant high-tech establishments (Technology Park, Malha , Har Hotzvim and JVP Media Quarter in Talpiot ). Another notable high-tech park is the Startup Village in Yokneam Illit . Yehud hosts Hewlett Packard Enterprise 's software campus[11]
Japan
Malaysia
Technology Park Malaysia (TPM) , Kuala Lumpur [15]
Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) / Cyberjaya , Selangor
Selangor Science Park, Selangor
Selangor Science Park 2, Selangor [16]
Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Selangor
FRIM-MTDC Technology Centre, Selangor [17]
UPM-MTDC Technology Centre, Selangor [18]
UKM-MTDC Technology Centre. Selangor [19]
UITM-MTDC Technology Centre. Selangor [20]
Penang (Known as "Silicon Valley of the East") [21] [22] [23] [24]
Penang Science Park, Penang
Penang Cybercity, Penang [25]
MSC Cyberport , Johor [26]
Johor Technology Park , Johor
Nusajaya Tech Park, Johor [27]
UTM-MTDC Technology Centre, Technovation Park, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor [28]
Kulim Hi-Tech Park (KHTP) , Kedah [29]
Myanmar
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
South Korea
Daedeok Science Town , Daejeon
Digital Media City , Seoul
LG Science Park , Seoul
Pangyo Techno Valley , Gyeonggi [33]
Samsung Town , Seoul
Gumi Technology Industrial Park , Gumi, North Gyeongsang
Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang , North Gyeongsang
Changwon Industrial Park , South Gyeongsang
Ulsan technological park , South Gyeongsang
Songdo , Incheon , Gyeonggi-do
Teheran Valley , Seoul
Taiwan
Southern Taiwan Science Park
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Austria
Belarus
Belgium
BioWin: The Health Cluster of Wallonia
Bulgaria
One of the South Moravian Innovation Centre buildings: biotechnology incubator JIC INBIT in university campus in Brno, (Czech Republic)
Czech Republic
Finland
France
WISTA in Berlin (Silicon Allee )
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Dublin (known as "Silicon Docks " or "The European Silicon Valley", due to its high number of technological EMEA centres)
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Russia
Romania
Bucharest
Grozăvești including Politehnica Campus, Regie Campus, Sema Park, Afi Park and Orhideea Offices
Pipera including Pipera Park, Aviației Offices and Piața Pipera Offices
Măgurele including the European laser technology institute
Romexpo including Expozitiei Offices, Tipografiei Offices and Jiului Offices
Militari including West Gate Offices
Cluj-Napoca [40]
Între Lacuri start-up offices
Jucu technology park
Iași
Palas-Sfântul Andrei Offices
Craiova
S200 technology park including Universitatea Campus
Ford automotive park
Timișoara
Openville
Vox Technology Park
Pitești
Serbia
Science Technology Park Belgrade
NTP Novi Sad
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Oceania [ edit ]
Australia
South Eveleigh , Sydney , New South Wales
Digital Harbour , Docklands , Melbourne , Victoria
Macquarie Park , Sydney , New South Wales (including the Research Park, Macquarie University )
Technology Park Bentley , Perth , Western Australia (adjacent to Curtin University )
Places with "Silicon" names [ edit ]
The following list contains places with "Silicon" names , that is, places with nicknames inspired by the Silicon Valley nickname given to part of the San Francisco Bay Area :
Technion Computer Science Faculty, in Haifa , part of Silicon Wadi , Israel
Middle East and North Africa [ edit ]
Americas [ edit ]
Costa Rica [ edit ]
United States [ edit ]
Philicon Valley (also known as "Silicon Valley Forge"): Area close to Philadelphia , in the suburbs of Valley Forge and Wayne[45]
Research Forest: The Woodlands, Texas
Silicon Alley : Originally a portion of Manhattan in New York City, specifically Broadway , the Flatiron District , SoHo , and TriBeCa . Now encompasses the general NYC tech sphere.
Silicon Anchor: Norfolk –Virginia Beach metropolitan area
Silicon Basin: Columbus, Ohio
Silicon Bayou : New Orleans, Louisiana
Silicon Beach : Santa Monica , California and the Westside area of the Los Angeles metro, more specifically Culver City , Venice Beach , Westwood , Manhattan Beach , Malibu , Playa del Rey , and Marina del Rey ; also used to refer to the San Diego area in the name of the 1980s software developer Silicon Beach Software . There is also Silicon Beach in South Florida in the Miami area.[46] [47] [48]
Silicon Coast: Orange County, California
Silicon Desert : Chandler, Arizona [49]
Silicon Forest : Portland, Oregon
Silicon Harbor: Charleston, South Carolina
Silicon Hill : Washington, D.C.
Silicon Hills : Austin, Texas
Silicon Hollar : Boone, North Carolina [50]
Silicon Mountain : Front Range Urban Corridor , Colorado (Denver , Boulder , Fort Collins , Colorado Springs )
Silicon Peach : Atlanta home to Georgia Institute of Technology as well as VMware Airwatch , Google ATL, Kabbage , Pindrop Security , and many venture capital firms
Silicon Prairie
Silicon Sandbar : Cape Cod , Massachusetts [citation needed
Silicon Shire : Eugene, Oregon
Silicon Shore: Santa Barbara, California
Silicon Slopes : Utah County and southern Salt Lake County , Utah
Silicon Surf: Santa Cruz, California
Silicon Valley : San Jose, California
Silicon Valley North: Seattle, Washington
Silicon Valley of the Sierras: Nevada County, California
Silicotton Valley: Huntsville, Alabama
Silicon Spuds: Idaho Falls, Idaho
Silicon Harbor: Hong Kong , China
Silicon Island: Kyushu , Japan
Silicon Peninsula: Dalian , China
Silcion Valley of Korea : Gumi , Gyeongbuk
China's Silicon Valley: Shenzhen or Zhongguancun , Haidian District , Beijing , People's Republic of China (PRC).[51]
Silicon Valley of India (sometimes referred to as Silicon Plateau ): Bangalore
Silicon Valley of Taiwan : Hsinchu , Taiwan
Silicon Valley of Hong Kong: Cyberport and Hong Kong Science Park
Silicon Valley of the East: Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone , Penang , Malaysia
Silicon Wadi : The coastal plain of Israel , stretching from Haifa to Tel Aviv and Rehovot and expanding inland to Jerusalem
Teheran Valley : Gangnam District , Seoul , South Korea
Germany [ edit ]
Ireland [ edit ]
Silicon Moda: Milan ,Italy
SiliconFjord: Oslofjord region[52]
Switzerland [ edit ]
Ticino Valley: Technology cluster in the Lugano area
United Kingdom [ edit ]
Cwm Silicon (Newport, Wales )
Silicon Alley (Pink Lane, Newcastle Upon Tyne , England)
Silicon Beach (Bournemouth, England )
Silicon Canal (Birmingham , England): the area along the Digbeth Branch Canal from Aston Science Park , through Millennium Point to Digbeth .
Silicon Corridor (the M4 corridor )
Silicon Dock (Belfast )
Silicon Fen (Cambridge , England[53]
Silicon Forest (Newark, Nottinghamshire ): Silicon Forest consists of various businesses from in and around the Newark and Sherwood area that specialise in technology and innovation.
Silicon Glen (Central Belt , Scotland )
Silicon Gorge (Bristol , England)
Silicon Mall (London, England): the area between Pall Mall and Victoria in London
Silicon Pier (Brighton , England)
Silicon Roundabout : the area around Old Street Roundabout in London (East London Tech City )
Silicon Shipyard (Newcastle upon Tyne , Gateshead , Middlesbrough )
Silicon Spa (Leamington Spa , Warwickshire ):[54] video game developers .
Silicon Walk (Edinburgh , Scotland )
Oceania [ edit ]
Australia [ edit ]
Silicon Mallee (Adelaide, Australia ; Mallee, an Australian aboriginal word for the land area around Adelaide covered by low, scrubby dwarf eucalyptus "mallee" vegetation)
Silicon St, Sydney " An inner city colloquial district including Ultimo/Pyrmont along Harris St spanning 10 km 2 UTS to Google including Fishburners
Silicon Beach : A term used by those in the Australian startup community to refer to the startup ecosystem within Australian cities, in particular by Meetup groups like Silicon Beach Sydney and Silicon Beach Adelaide
New Zealand [ edit ]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ T. Washington Institute
^ a b LeBor, Adam (June 2009). "Viva Tel Aviv!" . Condé Nast Traveler . Archived from the original on Feb 3, 2014.
^ Chengdu Tianfu (Heavenly City) Software Park
^ "Shanghai Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park" . Archived from the original on 2007-08-11. Retrieved 2020-03-15 .
^ "Odisha to make Info Valley an Int'l IT centre" . India Whispers . June 10, 2020. Retrieved 2021-05-26 .
^ Satapathy, Dillip (2016-06-17). "Centre gives nod to electronic park in Bhubaneswar" . Business Standard India . Retrieved 2021-05-26 .
^ "Make in Odisha: Bharat Biotech to invest Rs 500 cr for vaccine-making unit in Khurda district" . The New Indian Express . 16 November 2018. Retrieved 2021-05-26 .
^ "Bhubaneswar: 'Expedite building of Biotech Park near city', says CS Suresh Chandra Mohapatra | Bhubaneswar News" . The Times of India . TNN. May 7, 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-26 .
^ Pardis Tech Park
^ http://h30507.www3.hp.com/t5/Careers-at-HP/A-tour-at-HP-Software-campus-in-Yehud-Israel/ba-p/184796
^ "General View of Kansai Science City" . Retrieved 30 October 2020 .
^ "Tsukuba Science City" . Retrieved 30 October 2020 .
^ "Yokosuka Research Park" . Retrieved 30 October 2020 .
^ "Technology Park Malaysia" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Selangor Science Park 2 Moving At Snail's Pace" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "FRIM-MTDC – Malaysian Technology Development Corporation" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "UPM-MTDC – Malaysian Technology Development Corporation" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "UKM-MTDC – Malaysian Technology Development Corporation" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "UITM-MTDC – Malaysian Technology Development Corporation" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Penang is on its way to becoming the Silicon Valley of the East, and IoT is how" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Styling itself as the 'Silicon Valley of the East' . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Penang still 'Silicon Valley of the East' . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "A Silicon Valley of the East: Penang's thriving start-up community" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Invest Penang – Opportunities" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "MSC Cyberport Johor" . Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Nusajaya Tech Park" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "UTM-MTDC – Malaysian Technology Development Corporation" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ "Kulim Hi-Tech Park" . Retrieved 4 January 2017 .
^ Lahore's Software Park almost completed
^ a b c d e "Industrial Properties for Sale | Science Park of the Philippines Inc" .
^ Singapore Science Park
^ Lee, Suh-yoon (13 April 2018). "IT firms rushing to hire software developers" . The Korea Times . Retrieved 27 April 2018 .
^ "中部科學工業園區" . www.ctsp.gov.tw . Archived from the original on 2007-01-10.
^ Southern Taiwan Science Park Archived 2008-11-19 at the Wayback Machine
^ Nankang Software Park
^ GIANT Campus website
^ "index EN" . Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2013-12-06 .
^ Official Innopolis web-site
^ "Romania Proving Popular As Software Outsourcing Destination" . InformationWeek. 4 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-12 .
^ "How Florianópolis became "Brazil's Silicon Valley" . 23 August 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2024 .
^ Barrenechea, Mark (2014-05-16). "Why Ontario is the Silicon Valley of the North" . The Globe and Mail . Retrieved 2014-11-09 .
^ "Is Ottawa still Silicon Valley North?" . 29 June 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2014 .
^ Soper. "The lure of Chilecon Valley" .
^ "Siliconia -- Part 1" .
^ "Silicon Beach Miami FL" . Retrieved 19 August 2022 .
^ "Is Miami The New Silicon Beach?" . 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2022 .
^ Molpariya, Aakash (7 March 2021). "A New "Silicon Beach": Tech Billionaires Move to Miami" . Revyuh . Retrieved 19 August 2022 .
^ Soper, Taylor (February 11, 2015). "Silicon Desert: How Phoenix is quickly—and quietly—becoming a hub for innovation" . GeekWire . Retrieved May 15, 2016 .
^ http://www.siliconhollar.org/
^ "Zhongguancun, China's Silicon Valley" .
^ SiliconFjord
^ "Silicon Britain: Inside the country's tech clusters" . BBC News. 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2012-06-26 .
^ "Silicon Spa" . Archived from the original on 2014-03-01. Retrieved 2014-06-10 .
Further reading [ edit ]
Kerr, William R., and Frederic Robert-Nicoud. 2020. "Tech Clusters. " Journal of Economic Perspectives , 34 (3 ): 50–76.
External links [ edit ]
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_technology_centers&oldid=1230593123 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● H i g h - t e c h n o l o g y b u s i n e s s d i s t r i c t s ● L i s t s o f s c i e n t i f i c o r g a n i z a t i o n s ● T e c h n o l o g y - r e l a t e d l i s t s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● W e b a r c h i v e t e m p l a t e w a y b a c k l i n k s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● U s e A m e r i c a n E n g l i s h f r o m J u l y 2 0 2 0 ● A l l W i k i p e d i a a r t i c l e s w r i t t e n i n A m e r i c a n E n g l i s h ● A r t i c l e s n e e d i n g c l e a n u p f r o m J u n e 2 0 2 2 ● A r t i c l e s w i t h b a r e U R L s f o r c i t a t i o n s f r o m J u n e 2 0 2 2 ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h b a r e U R L s f o r c i t a t i o n s ● A r t i c l e s c o v e r e d b y W i k i P r o j e c t W i k i f y f r o m J u n e 2 0 2 2 ● A l l a r t i c l e s c o v e r e d b y W i k i P r o j e c t W i k i f y ● A l l a r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s ● A r t i c l e s w i t h u n s o u r c e d s t a t e m e n t s f r o m A u g u s t 2 0 1 1 ● A r t i c l e s c o n t a i n i n g e x p l i c i t l y c i t e d E n g l i s h - l a n g u a g e t e x t
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 2 3 J u n e 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 6 : 1 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
Brazil
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