| Transudate vs. exudate
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Transudate | Exudate | |
| Main causes | ↑ hydrostatic pressure, ↓ colloid osmotic pressure |
Inflammation-Increased vascular permeability |
| Appearance | Clear[1] | Cloudy[1] |
| Specific gravity | < 1.012 | > 1.020 |
| Protein content | < 2.5 g/dL | > 2.9 g/dL[2] |
| fluid protein/ serum protein |
< 0.5 | > 0.5[3] |
| SAAG = Serum [albumin] - Effusion [albumin] |
> 1.2 g/dL | < 1.2 g/dL[4] |
| fluid LDH upper limit for serum |
< 0.6 or < 2⁄3 | > 0.6[2] or > 2⁄3[3] |
| Cholesterol content | < 45 mg/dL | >45 |
| RadiodensityonCT scan | 2 to 15 HU[5] | 4 to 33 HU[5] |
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