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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
Tetrastigma genus of plants in the grape family, Vitaceae . The plants are lianas that climb with tendrils and have palmately compound leaves. Plants are dioecious , with separate male and female plants; female flowers are characterized by their four-lobed stigmas.[2] Asia , Malaysia , and Australia , where they grow in primary rainforest, gallery forest and monsoon forest and moister woodland . Species of this genus are notable as being the sole hosts of parasitic plants in the family Rafflesiaceae , one of which, Rafflesia arnoldii [3] Tetrastigma is the donor species for horizontal gene transfer to Sapria Rafflesia [4]
Within the Vitaceae, Tetrastigma has long been considered closely related to Cayratia Cyphostemma [5] tribe Cayratieae .
Fossil record [ edit ]
A fossil seed fragment from the early Miocene of Tetrastigma sp., has been found in the Czech part of the Zittau Basin.[6] Tetrastigma macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia , Italy .[7]
Etymology [ edit ]
Tetrastigma is derived from Greek and means 'four stigmas', in reference to its four-lobed stigma.[8]
Species [ edit ]
Plants of the World Online [9]
Tetrastigma andamanicum (King) Suess.
Tetrastigma angustifolium (Roxb.) Planch.
Tetrastigma annamense Gagnep.
Tetrastigma apiculatum Gagnep.
Tetrastigma aplinianum (Collett & Hemsl.) Momiy.
Tetrastigma articulatum (Miq.) Planch.
Tetrastigma assimile (Kurz) C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi
Tetrastigma backanense Gagnep.
Tetrastigma bambusetorum Craib
Tetrastigma beauvaisii Gagnep.
Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Wall.) Planch.
Tetrastigma brunneum Merr.
Tetrastigma burmanicum (Collett & Hemsl.) Momiy.
Tetrastigma calcicola Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi
Tetrastigma cambodianum Pierre ex Gagnep.
Tetrastigma campylocarpum (Kurz) Planch.
Tetrastigma caudatum Merr. & Chun
Tetrastigma cauliflorum Merr.
Tetrastigma ceratopetalum C.Y.Wu
Tetrastigma chapaense Merr.
Tetrastigma clementis Merr.
Tetrastigma coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep.
Tetrastigma corniculatum Merr.
Tetrastigma crenatum Jackes
Tetrastigma cruciatum Craib & Gagnep.
Tetrastigma curtisii (Ridl.) Suess.
Tetrastigma delavayi Gagnep.
Tetrastigma dichotomum (Miq.) Planch.
Tetrastigma diepenhorstii (Miq.) Latiff
Tetrastigma dubium (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
Tetrastigma eberhardtii Gagnep.
Tetrastigma ellipticum Merr.
Tetrastigma enervium Ridl.
Tetrastigma erubescens Planch.
Tetrastigma everettii Merr.
Tetrastigma formosanum (Hemsl.) Gagnep.
Tetrastigma funingense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma gamblei B.V.Shetty & P.Singh
Tetrastigma gaudichaudianum Planch.
Tetrastigma gibbosum Lauterb.
Tetrastigma gilgianum Lauterb.
Tetrastigma harmandii Planch. – Ayo, ariuat, kalit, iyo
Tetrastigma havilandii Ridl.
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg
Tetrastigma heterophyllum Gagnep.
Tetrastigma hookeri Planch.
Tetrastigma hypoglaucum Planch.
Tetrastigma jaichagunii C.L.Li ex Kochaiph. & Trias-Blasi
Tetrastigma jingdongense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma jinghongense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma jinxiuense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma kwangsiense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma laevigatum (Blume) Gagnep.
Tetrastigma lanyuense C.E.Chang
Tetrastigma latiffii Veldkamp
Tetrastigma lauterbachianum Gilg
Tetrastigma laxum Merr.
Tetrastigma lenticellatum C.Y.Wu
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston
Tetrastigma lincangense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma lineare W.T.Wang ex C.Y.Wu & C.L.Li
Tetrastigma littorale Merr.
Tetrastigma liukiuense T.Yamaz.
Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep.
Tetrastigma longipedunculatum C.L.Li
Tetrastigma longisepalum Gagnep.
Tetrastigma macrocorymbum Gagnep. ex J.Wen, Boggan & Turland
Tetrastigma magnum Merr.
Tetrastigma megacarpum Latiff
Tetrastigma mindanaense Merr.
Tetrastigma mutabile (Blume) Planch.
Tetrastigma nilagiricum (Miq.) B.V.Shetty
Tetrastigma nitens (F.Muell.) Planch. [10]
Tetrastigma obovatum Gagnep.
Tetrastigma obtectum (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch. ex Franch.
Tetrastigma oliviforme Planch.
Tetrastigma pachyphyllum (Hemsl.) Chun
Tetrastigma papillatum (Hance) C.Y.Wu
Tetrastigma papillosum (Blume) Planch.
Tetrastigma papuanum (Miq.) Planch.
Tetrastigma pedunculare (Wall. ex M.A.Lawson) Planch.
Tetrastigma pergamaceum (Blume) Planch.
Tetrastigma petraeum Jackes
Tetrastigma petrophilum Lauterb.
Tetrastigma pilosum C.L.Li
Tetrastigma planicaule (Hook.f.) Gagnep.
Tetrastigma poilanei Gagnep.
Tetrastigma pseudocruciatum C.L.Li
Tetrastigma pubiflorum (Miq.) Suess.
Tetrastigma pubinerve Merr. & Chun
Tetrastigma pullei Lauterb.
Tetrastigma pycnanthum (Collett & Hemsl.) P.Singh & B.V.Shetty
Tetrastigma pyriforme Gagnep.
Tetrastigma quadrangulum Gagnep. & Craib
Tetrastigma quadridens Planch.
Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch.
Tetrastigma ramentaceum Planch.
Tetrastigma retinervium Planch.
Tetrastigma robinsonii Merr.
Tetrastigma robustum Planch.
Tetrastigma rumicispermum (M.A.Lawson) Planch.
Tetrastigma rupestre Planch.
Tetrastigma scariosum (Blume) Planch.
Tetrastigma schlechteri Lauterb.
Tetrastigma schraderi-montis Lauterb.
Tetrastigma scortechinii (King) Gagnep.
Tetrastigma sepulchrei Merr.
Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch.
Tetrastigma sessilifolium Lauterb.
Tetrastigma siamense Gagnep. & Craib
Tetrastigma sichouense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma silvestrei Elmer ex J.Wen & Boggan
Tetrastigma simplicifolia (Merr.) J.Wen & Boggan
Tetrastigma steenisii Latiff
Tetrastigma subsuberosum Planch.
Tetrastigma subtetragonum C.L.Li
Tetrastigma sulcatum (M.A.Lawson) Gamble
Tetrastigma taeniatum C.L.Li
Tetrastigma tamilnadense N.Balach. & K.Ravik.
Tetrastigma tavoyanum Gagnep.
Tetrastigma tetragynum (Miq.) Planch.
Tetrastigma thomsonianum Planch.
Tetrastigma thorsborneorum Jackes
Tetrastigma tonkinense Gagnep.
Tetrastigma touranense Gagnep.
Tetrastigma trifoliolatum Merr.
Tetrastigma triphyllum (Gagnep.) W.T.Wang
Tetrastigma tsaianum C.Y.Wu
Tetrastigma venulosum C.Y.Wu
Tetrastigma vitiense (A.Gray) A.C.Sm.
Tetrastigma voinierianum (Sallier) Pierre ex Gagnep.
Tetrastigma warburgii Lauterb.
Tetrastigma xishuangbannaense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma xizangense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma yiwuense C.L.Li
Tetrastigma yunnanense Gagnep.
References [ edit ]
^ Chen, Pingting; Chen, Longqing; Wen, Jun (2011). "The first phylogenetic analysis of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch., the host of Rafflesiaceae". Taxon . 60 2 ): 499–512. doi :10.1002/tax.602017 .
^ "Forest Department, Sarawak" . Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2008-06-11 .
^ Cai, Liming; Arnold, Brian J.; Xi, Zhenxiang; Khost, Danielle E.; Patel, Niki; Hartmann, Claire B.; Manickam, Sugumaran; Sasirat, Sawitree; Nikolov, Lachezar A.; Mathews, Sarah; Sackton, Timothy B. (January 2021). "Deeply Altered Genome Architecture in the Endoparasitic Flowering Plant Sapria himalayana Griff. (Rafflesiaceae)" . Current Biology . 31 5 ): 1002–1011.e9. doi :10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.045 ISSN 0960-9822 . PMID 33485466 .
^ Soejima, A.; Wen, J. (2006). "Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers" . American Journal of Botany . 93 2 ): 278–87. doi :10.3732/ajb.93.2.278 PMID 21646189 .
^ Acta Palaeobotanica - 43(1 ): 9-49, January 2003 - Early Miocene carpological material from the Czech part of the Zittau Basin - Vasilis Teodoridis
^ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2 ), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
^ Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 376
^ Plants of the World Online: Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (retrieved 24 December 2021)
^ "Name - Tetrastigma nitens (F.Muell.) Planch" . Tropicos . Saint Louis, Missouri : Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved June 18, 2011 .
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetrastigma&oldid=1064153243 " C a t e g o r i e s : ● V i t a c e a e ● V i t a c e a e g e n e r a ● D i o e c i o u s p l a n t s H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s : ● A r t i c l e s w i t h s h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n ● S h o r t d e s c r i p t i o n i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m W i k i d a t a ● A r t i c l e s w i t h ' s p e c i e s ' m i c r o f o r m a t s
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 6 J a n u a r y 2 0 2 2 , a t 2 1 : 2 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
