| The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof | |
|---|---|
The antelope is the totem of the Joof family, the founders of this royal house. In the mythology of the Serer people, it symbolises grace, royalty, wisdom, hardwork and protector. | |
| Parent house | Descendance of Lamane Jegan Joof (king and founder of Tukar) and Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof (king of Laa, part of old Baol). |
| Country | Kingdom of Sine and Kingdom of Saloum. Both Kingdoms now part of present-day  Senegal. |
| Founded | c. 1369 |
| Founder | Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof |
| Final ruler | Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof (the last king of Sine from this royal house,[1] died 1923[2]). Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof (last king of Sine from the Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof, died 1969). |
| Titles | Maad, Maad a Sinig and Maad Saloum |
| Dissolution | 1969 dissolution Serer monarchies of Sine and Saloum following the deaths of Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof and Maad Saloum Fode Ngoye Joof (king of Sine and Saloum respectively).[3] |
The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof (variation : Mbin Boureh GnilaneorMbind Bure NilaaninSerer[4][5]) was a royal house founded in the 14th century[6][7]byJaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (var : Bouré Gnilane Diouf[7]orBuré Ñilaan[8]). He was a member the Serer tribe, from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine now part of independent Senegal.[7][8][9] It was the first royal house founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar period (1350[6] - 1969[3]).[7][8] Boureh Gnilane Joof was a royal prince and a Jaraff (var : Diaraf), a Serer title of nobility with the powers of a prime minister. He was neither a Maad a Sinig (king of Sine) nor a Maad Saloum (king of Saloum) but a royal prince who had the title Jaraff bestowed upon him by his cousin and brother-in-law - Maad a Sinig Diessanou Faye (king of Sine).[7] His father Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (the conqueror)[10] was the king of Laa[11] and TeigneofBaol (king of Baol).[7] Boureh's brothers were the first from this house to have succeeded to the throne of Sine during the Guelowar period. His name was adopted in his honour to refer to the first royal house founded by the Joof family during this dynastic period.[7] The Joof family of Sine, from this royal house also ruled in the Kingdom of Saloum (the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum)[12] The Joof family also ruled in Baol (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol).[13][14] From the date of its foundation up to the abolition of the Serer monarchies of Sine and Saloum in 1969,[3] at least ten kings from this house had succeeded to the throne of Sine.[15] As the first royal house of Sine founded by the Joof family in this dynastic period, the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof holds great significance in Senegambian, Joof family and Serer history, because all the subsequent royal houses founded by the Joof family (who ruled in three Senegambian kingdoms[16]) branched out from this royal house.[8]
The following is a list of kings from the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof that reigned in the Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum. Their royal titles : Maad a Sinig and Maad Saloum signifies king of Sine and Saloum respectively. The surname Joof is the English spelling in the Gambia, whilst Diouf is the French spelling in Senegal. The proper spelling is JuuforJufinSerer which reflects the actual pronunciation (see Joof family) :
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