"The lady doth protest too much, methinks" is a line from the play HamletbyWilliam Shakespeare. It is spoken by Queen Gertrude in response to the insincere overacting of a character in the play within a play created by Prince Hamlet to elicit evidence of his uncle's guilt in the murder of his father, the King of Denmark.
The phrase is used in everyday speech to indicate doubt of someone's sincerity, and especially that someone who denies something very strongly is hiding the truth. In this sense the line is often misquoted as "Methinks the lady doth protest too much."
The line is in iambic pentameter. It is found in Act III, Scene II of Hamlet, where it is spoken by Hamlet's mother Queen Gertrude. Hamlet believes that his father the king was murdered by his uncle Claudius, who then married Gertrude. Hamlet stages the play Murder of Gonzago which follows a similar sequence of events, to test whether viewing it will trigger a guilty conscience in Claudius.
Hamlet, Gertrude, Claudius, and others watch the play-within-the-play, as the Player Queen declares in flowery language that she will never remarry if her husband dies.[1] Hamlet then turns to his mother and asks her, "Madam, how like you this play?" She replies, "The lady doth protest too much, methinks", meaning that the Player Queen's declarations of love and fidelity are too excessive and insistent to be believed.[1][2][3]
The quotation comes from the Second Quarto edition of the play. Later versions contain the simpler line, "The lady protests too much, methinks".[4][5]
The line's allusion to Gertrude's (lack of) fidelity to her husband has become a cliché of sexually fickle womanhood[6] and a shorthand expression conveying doubt in a person's truthfulness, even when the subject is male.[7] It is commonly used to imply that someone who denies something very strongly is hiding the truth;[2] however, in the play, protest has the older meaning of 'vow' or 'declare' rather than 'deny'.[3] The phrase is often shortened to "[X] protests too much".[8] A common misquotation places methinks first, as "Methinks the lady doth protest too much."[2][3][9]
^Garber, Marjorie (2008). Profiling Shakespeare. New York: Routledge. pp. 280–281. ISBN978-0-415-96445-6.
^Quassdorf, Sixta (2012). "Poetic Language Relocated". In Littlejohn, A.; Mehta, S.R. (eds.). Language Studies: Stretching the Boundaries. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 171. ISBN978-1-44-384386-7.
^Foakes, R.A. (2004). Hamlet Versus Lear: Cultural Politics and Shakespeare's Art. Cambridge University Press. p. 158. ISBN0-52-160705-1.
^Garber, Marjorie (2005). Shakespeare After All. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 40, 467. ISBN0-38-572214-1.
^Cresswell, Julia (2007). The Cat's Pyjamas: The Penguin Book of Clichés. London, UK: Penguin Books. p. 131. ISBN978-0-14-102516-2.
^Garner, Bryan (2016). Garner's Modern English Usage (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 591. ISBN978-0-19-049148-2.
