Thomas A. Herring (born 17 July 1955 in Cooroy, Queensland, Australia) is a geophysicist, known for developing and applying systems of space geodesy to high-precision geophysical measurements and geodynamic research.[1][2][3]
At the University of Queensland, Herring graduated in surveying with a bachelor's degree in 1976 and a master's degree in 1978. At Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he graduated in 1983 with a Ph.D. in Earth and Planetary Sciences.[4] His Ph.D. thesis entitled The precision and accuracy of intercontinental distance determinations using radio interferometry was supervised by Irwin I. Shapiro.[5] Herring was from 1979 to 1983 a research assistant in MIT's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and from 1983 to 1989 a research associate at Harvard University. At MIT, he was from 1989 to 1997 an associate professor in the department of Earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences and is since 1997 a professor of geophysics. In 1986 he was a visiting scientist in the Division of National Mapping of the Australian Department of Energy and Resources.[4]
Herring is one of the pioneers of using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) for centimeter-precision measurements of intercontinental distances and several other geophysical applications.[2][6][7][8] Using VLBI, he and his colleagues published conclusive, high-precision evidence of tectonic plate motions.[2] As part of a four-member team, Herring used VLBI data to publish an empirical nutation model,[9][10] which was used by the International Earth Rotation Service for a considerable time.[2] In 2002, the Mathews-Herring-Buffett transfer function was introduced for determining the Free Core Nutation (FCN) resonance from VLBI observation of nutation, thus significantly improving the accuracy of determining important properties of the Earth's core.[2][11][12] Herring was among the pioneers who used the global positioning system (GPS) for better understanding of geodynamics, including highly accurate measurements of variations of the rate of Earth's rotation.[2][13] He has used GPS, VLBI, and InSar in his research on atmospheric water vapor.[14] In earthquake research,[15] he has been a member of teams that used GPS and VLBI data to determine velocity fields for crustal deformations in southern and central California.[16][17] In 2012 he was the principal investigator for a project on reservoir modeling.[18]
Herring and his colleagues at MIT have developed computer software that uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data[19] to analyze GNSS measurements, primarily for the purpose of studying deformations in the Earth's crust.[20] The software GAMIT/GLOBK (GNSS AtMIT/GlobalKalman filter) was developed at MIT. GAMIT accepts phase data and returns estimates of "three-dimensional relative positions of ground stations and satellite orbits, atmospheric zenith delays, and Earth orientation parameters." GLOBK accepts as input computed derivations from "GPS, VLBI, and SLR experiments" and, by means of a Kalman filter algorithm, gives output consisting of statistical estimates from various combinations of such derivations.[21][22][23] GAMIT/GLOBK requires a basic Unix- or Linux-based operating system, as well as several software prerequisites.[24]
Herring, T. A.; Gwinn, C. R.; Shapiro, I. I. (1986). "Geodesy by radio interferometry: Studies of the forced nutations of the Earth: 1. Data analysis". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 91 (B5): 4745–4754. Bibcode:1986JGR....91.4745H. doi:10.1029/JB091iB05p04745.
Herring, T. A. (1992). "Modelling atmospheric delays in the analysis of space geodetic data"(PDF). In De Munck, J. C.; Spoelstra, T. A. Th. (eds.). Proceedings of Refraction of Transatmospheric Signals in Geodesy. Vol. 36. Netherlands Geodetic Commission Publications on Geodesy. pp. 157–164. (invited lecture)
^Mathews, P. M.; Buffett, B. A.; Herring, T. A.; Shapiro, I. I. (1991). "Forced nutations of the Earth: Influence of inner core dynamics: 1. Theory". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 96 (B5): 8219–8242. Bibcode:1991JGR....96.8219M. doi:10.1029/90JB01955.
^Mathews, P. M.; Buffett, B. A.; Herring, T. A.; Shapiro, I. I. (1991). "Forced nutations of the Earth: Influence of inner core dynamics: 2. Numerical results and comparisons". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 96 (B5): 8243–8257. Bibcode:1991JGR....96.8243M. doi:10.1029/90JB01956.
^Feigl, Kurt L.; Agnew, Duncan C.; Bock, Yehuda; Dong, Danan; Donnellan, Andrea; Hager, Bradford H.; Herring, Thomas A.; Jackson, David D.; Jordan, Thomas H.; King, Robert W.; Larsen, Shawn; Larson, Kristine M.; Murray, Mark H.; Shen, Zhengkang; Webb, Frank H. (1993). "Space geodetic measurement of crustal deformation in central and southern California, 1984–1992". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 98 (B12): 21677–21712. Bibcode:1993JGR....9821677F. doi:10.1029/93JB02405.
^Shen, Z.-K.; King, R. W.; Agnew, D. C.; Wang, M.; Herring, T. A.; Dong, D.; Fang, P. (2011). "A unified analysis of crustal motion in Southern California, 1970-2004: The SCEC crustal motion map". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 116 (B11). Bibcode:2011JGRB..11611402S. doi:10.1029/2011JB008549. hdl:1721.1/85589.
^Herring, Thomas A.; Davis, James L.; Shapiro, Irwin I. (1990). "Geodesy by radio interferometry: The application of Kalman Filtering to the analysis of very long baseline interferometry data". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 95 (B8): 12561–12581. Bibcode:1990JGR....9512561H. doi:10.1029/JB095iB08p12561.
^Floyd, M. A.; Herring, T. A.; King, R. W.; McClusky, S. C. (2022). "GAMIT/GLOBK Quick Start Guide"(PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
^"Historic Fellows". American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). (Search on name=Herring & institution=Massachusetts Institute of Technology.)
