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Tihiro Ohkawa (Japanese : 大河千弘 , Hepburn : Ōkawa Chihiro , January 3, 1928 - September 27, 2014) [1] [2] was a Japanese physicist whose field of work was in plasma physics and fusion power . He was a pioneer in developing ways to generate electricity by nuclear fusion when he worked at General Atomics .[3] Ohkawa died September 27, 2014, in La Jolla, California , at the age of 86.[3]
Early life and career [ edit ]
Ohkawa was born in Kanazawa on January 3, 1928.[4] [5] He studied physics at the University of Tokyo in 1950, and was a member of the Yoshio Nishina group for researching cosmic altitude radiation for 16 years even during the World War II .[4] He was a researcher at CERN and at Midwestern State University before becoming a professor at the University of Tokyo . In 1960, he went to General Atomics , where he led a fusion research project and later became vice president and deputy chairman of the board.
In 1994, Ohkawa left General Atomics to found TOYO Technologies. In 2004, he was co-founder of Nano Fusion Technologies with Masano Nishikawa for the development of microfluidics . He was also a physics professor at the University of California, San Diego .
Scientific contributions [ edit ]
In 1955, Ohkawa independently came up with idea of the fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG) together with Keith Symon and Andrei Kolomensky , which led to the development of the first prototype in 1956 by the Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA). He then developed a procedure to stabilize instabilities in tokamaks using multipole magnetic fields with Donald Kerst in 1960,[6] which was then later confirmed by experiments.[7]
In 1968, Ohkawa demonstrated that the plasma-current multipole configuration used to trap plasmas was stable,[8] which resulted in the development of a series of tokamaks with vertically elongated plasma cross sections called the doublet .[4] [9] This eventually led to General Atomics' DIII-D tokamak , which influenced the design and concept of ITER .[10]
Ohkawa was also involved in the use of radioactive isotopes in the separation of nuclear isotopes from nuclear waste (at the Archimedes Technology Group in San Diego, which he founded).[11]
Ohkawa holds over 50 patents, in areas such as tile accelerators, fusion technology and biotechnology .[12]
Honors and awards [ edit ]
In 1968, Ohkawa became a Fellow of the American Physical Society .[13] In 1979, he received the James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics for "his development of multi-current or doublet approach to the design of tokamaks with non-circular cross sections and for investigation of plasma confinement in toroidal multipoles ".[14]
He also received the 1984 Fusion Power Associates Leadership Award.[15]
References [ edit ]
^ a b Robbins, Gary. "Renowned physicist Ohkawa dies at 86" . The San Diego Union-Tribune . Retrieved 2018-09-08 .
^ a b c Maisel, Merry (2014-10-29). "Tihiro Ohkawa". Physics Today . doi :10.1063/pt.5.6106 .
^ 日本人名大辞典+Plus, デジタル版. "大河千弘(おおかわ ちひろ)とは" . コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2020-02-24 .
^ Ohkawa, T.; Kerst, D. W. (1961). "Stable Plasma Confinement by Multipole Fields". Physical Review Letters . 7 (2 ): 41–42. Bibcode :1961PhRvL...7...41O . doi :10.1103/physrevlett.7.41 . ISSN 0031-9007 .
^ Ohkawa, T.; Yoshikawa, M.; Kribel, R. E.; Schupp, A. A.; Jensen, T. H. (1970). "Plasma Confinement in dc Octopole". Physical Review Letters . 24 (3 ): 95–98. Bibcode :1970PhRvL..24...95O . doi :10.1103/physrevlett.24.95 . ISSN 0031-9007 .
^ Ohkawa, T.; Voorhies, H. G. (1969). "Plasma-Current Multipole Experiments". Physical Review Letters . 22 (24 ): 1275–1277. Bibcode :1969PhRvL..22.1275O . doi :10.1103/physrevlett.22.1275 . ISSN 0031-9007 .
^ Meade, Dale (2009). "50 years of fusion research". Nuclear Fusion . 50 (1 ): 014004. doi :10.1088/0029-5515/50/1/014004 . ISSN 0029-5515 . S2CID 17802364 .
^ "diii-d:home [MFE: DIII-D and Theory]" . fusion.gat.com . Retrieved 2020-02-24 .
^ Cluggish, B.P.; Ohkawa, T.; Agnew, S.F.; Freeman, R.L.; Miller, R.L.; Putvinski, S.; Sevier, L.; Umstadter, K.R. (2001). "Separation of radionuclides from nuclear waste by a plasma mass filter". IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. PPPS-2001 Pulsed Power Plasma Science 2001. 28th IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science and 13th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference (Cat. No.01CH37255) . IEEE. p. 323. doi :10.1109/ppps.2001.961000 . ISBN 0-7803-7141-0 .
^ "FPA Program Notes" . aries.ucsd.edu . Retrieved 2020-02-24 .
^ "APS Fellow Archive" . www.aps.org . Retrieved 2020-02-24 .
^ "1979 James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics Recipient" . American Physical Society . Retrieved 2020-02-24 .
^ "FPA Awards" . fusionpower.org . Retrieved 2020-02-24 .
External links [ edit ]
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R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tihiro_Ohkawa&oldid=1177621706 "
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