Atotal penumbral lunar eclipse is a lunar eclipse that occurs when the Moon becomes completely immersed in the penumbral cone of the Earth without touching the umbra.[1]
The path for the Moon to pass within the penumbra and outside the umbra is very narrow. It can only happen on the Earth's northern or southern penumbral edges. In addition, the size of the penumbra is sometimes too small where the Moon enters it to contain the Moon. The width of the Earth's penumbra is determined by the Sun's angular diameter at the time of the eclipse, and the Moon's angular diameter is larger than the Sun over part of its elliptical orbit, depending on whether the eclipse occurs at the nearest (perigee) or farthest point (apogee) in its orbit around the Earth. The majority of the time, the size of the Moon and the size of the Earth's penumbra where the Moon crosses it mean that most eclipses will not be total penumbral in nature.
Total penumbral eclipses constitute a relatively small fraction of lunar eclipses, and the distribution of these events is uneven, occurring between 0 and 9 times per century. The period of this variation is approximately 600 years and also correlates with the frequency of total umbral eclipses and tetrads.[1]
The maximum number in Fred's 5K canon[N 1] is eight for saros 19.[2] Saros 32 and 132 have seven.[3][4] Saros 58, 95, and 114 have six.[5][6][7]
Saros 114 is the only saros in the canon to have a total of seven total penumbral lunar eclipses that are not all in a row.[7] Likewise, saros 169 has five total penumbral eclipses, but only four of them occur consecutively.[8]
This table summarizes which saros series contain four or more consecutive total penumbral eclipses.
| Saros |
Consecutive total |
|---|---|
| -339 | 7[9] |
| -266 | 13[9] |
| -258 | 9[9] |
| -247 | 10[9] |
| -237 | 10[9] |
| -226 | 10[9] |
| -218 | 12[9] |
| -157 | 6[9] |
| -118 | 4[9] |
| -116 | 7[9] |
| -105 | 11[9] |
| -39 | 9[9] |
| -37 | 6[9] |
| -26 | 9[9] |
| 19[N 1] | 8[2] |
| 32[N 1] | 7[3] |
| 58[N 1] | 6[5] |
| 95[N 1] | 6[6] |
| 114[N 1][N 2] | 6[7] |
| 132[N 1] | 7[4] |
| 169[N 1][N 3] | 4[8] |
| 187 | 5[9] |
| 255 | 4[9] |
| Century | Total |
Total |
Tetrads |
|---|---|---|---|
| 501–600 | 1 | 63 | 0 |
| 601–700 | 2 | 58 | 0 |
| 701–800 | 2 | 69 | 3 |
| 801–900 | 5 | 88 | 8 |
| 901–1000 | 3 | 78 | 6 |
| 1001–1100 | 3 | 62 | 0 |
| 1101–1200 | 0 | 60 | 0 |
| 1201–1300 | 1 | 60 | 0 |
| 1301–1400 | 8 | 77 | 6 |
| 1401–1500 | 4 | 83 | 4 |
| 1501–1600 | 2 | 76 | 6 |
| 1601–1700 | 2 | 61 | 0 |
| 1701–1800 | 0 | 60 | 0 |
| 1801–1900 | 2 | 62 | 0 |
| 1901–2000 | 9 | 81 | 5 |
| 2001–2100 | 5 | 84 | 7 |
| 2101–2200 | 5 | 69 | 4 |
| 2201–2300 | 1 | 61 | 0 |
| 2301–2400 | 0 | 60 | 0 |
| 2401–2500 | 6 | 69 | 4 |
| Ascending nodes | Descending nodes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saros | Date | Viewing | Chart | Saros | Date | Viewing | Chart |
| 110 | 1901 May 03 |  |
| ||||
| 114 | 1908 Dec 07 |  |
| ||||
| 114 | 1926 Dec 19 |  |
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| 114 | 1944 Dec 29 |  |
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| 116 | 1948 Oct 18 |  |
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| 114 | 1963 Jan 09 |  |
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| 114 | 1981 Jan 20 |  |
|
113 | 1988 Mar 03 |  |
|
| 114 | 1999 Jan 31 |  |
|
113 | 2006 Mar 14 |  |
|
| 119 | 2053 Aug 29 | 
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| 142 | 2070 Apr 25 |  |
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| 120 | 2082 Aug 08 |  |
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| 148 | 2099 Sep 29 |  |
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| 145 | 2103 Jan 23 | ||||||
| 145 | 2121 Feb 02 | ||||||
| 145 | 2139 Feb 13 | ||||||
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