A Fairchild Metro III similar to the aircraft involved
| |
| Accident | |
|---|---|
| Date | January 19, 1988 |
| Summary | Pilot error aggravated by cocaine use, leading to controlled flight into terrain[1] |
| Site | Bayfield, Colorado, U.S. 37°13′N 107°41′W / 37.217°N 107.683°W / 37.217; -107.683 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Fairchild Metro III |
| Operator | Trans-Colorado Airlines d/b/a Continental Express |
| ICAO flight No. | TCE2286 |
| Call sign | TRANS COLORADO 2286 |
| Registration | N68TC |
| Flight origin | Denver-Stapleton International Airport Denver, Colorado, United States |
| Destination | Durango–La Plata County Airport Durango, Colorado, United States |
| Occupants | 17 |
| Passengers | 15 |
| Crew | 2 |
| Fatalities | 9 |
| Injuries | 7 |
| Survivors | 8 |
Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286 (operating as Continental Express Flight 2286) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Denver, Colorado, to Durango, Colorado, operated for Continental ExpressbyTrans-Colorado Airlines.[1]: v [2][3] On January 19, 1988, Flight 2286 crashed onto terrain near Bayfield, Colorado, while on approach to Durango-La Plata County Airport. Out of the seventeen people on board, nine were killed, including both crew members.[1]: 1–2
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation determined the most probable cause of the accident was the crew's failure to follow the proper descent profile, and that recent cocaine use by the captain was a contributing factor.
On the date of the accident, Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286 was operated using a Fairchild Metro III twin-turboprop aircraft (registration number N68TC).[1]: 6 Initially manufactured in 1981, this particular aircraft was acquired by Trans-Colorado in 1986.[1]: 6 The Metro III had logged a total of approximately 12,000 flight hours at the time of the accident.[1]: 79 The aircraft was not equipped with a cockpit voice recorderorflight data recorder, as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) did not require such small regional aircraft to be equipped with such recorders at the time.[1]: 9 After the accident, the FAA mandated the installation of flight recorders in all aircraft operating scheduled flights.[1]: 26
The flight was crewed by Captain Stephen S. Silver (36) and First Officer Ralph D. Harvey (42), who joined Trans-Colorado in 1986 and 1987, respectively. Captain Silver had logged 4,184 hours of flight experience, including 3,028 hours on the Fairchild Metro. First Officer Harvey had 8,500 flight hours, with 3,458 of them on the Fairchild Metro.[1]: 78
Flight 2286 departed Denver's Stapleton International Airport at 18:20 Mountain Standard Time as a regularly scheduled flight to Durango–La Plata County Airport. A total of fifteen passengers and two pilots were on board.[1]: 1
At 18:53, Flight 2286 reported reaching its cruising altitude of 23,000 feet. Air traffic control advised Flight 2286 of reduced visibility into Durango, with a ceiling of only 800 feet and light snow and fog in the area.[1]: 1 At 19:00, controllers asked Flight 2286 whether they wanted to make an Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach to Durango's runway 2, or a non-precision approach to Durango's runway 20.[1]: 2 From Flight 2286's location, the ILS landing would have required backtracking to make the approach to runway 2, adding ten minutes to the flight versus a more direct approach into runway 20.[1]: 27 Silver, who had a reputation as a pilot who could make up for lost time, chose the approach to runway 20 because it would save time.[1]: 27 He allowed First Officer Harvey to fly the approach into Durango.[1]: 27
At 19:03, Flight 2286 was cleared to begin descending from 23,000 feet. In order to make a direct approach into Durango, Harvey flew in at a rapid descent of 3,000 feet per minute, which was more than three times the rate intended for the approach.[1]: 27 At 19:14, Flight 2286 received clearance to approach Durango's runway 20, and reported reaching 14,000 feet.[1]: 2 The aircraft continued to descend until it struck the ground, and then pitched up.[1]: 2 The aircraft rolled several times before striking the ground again. Flight 2286 eventually slid to a stop approximately five miles from the airport.[1]: 2
A surviving passenger of Flight 2286 had walked until he arrived at a residence. At 20:34, the resident contacted Central Dispatch to inform them of the survivor of the plane crash. Central dispatch sent a rescue vehicle to the survivor and it arrived at 20:45. Five other survivors, including a 23-month-old carried by another survivor, walked together about 1.5 miles over 1.5 hours to a highway. They saw and met a motorist who transported them about a mile until he met a responding rescue vehicle. The survivors were then transported to a local hospital. Of the 17 people on board 7 passengers and both pilots were killed.[1]
Investigators from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) learned that First Officer Harvey had a history of alcohol abuse.[4] However, Harvey had completed a physical exam the day before the crash and was found at that time to be free of alcohol or illegal drugs.[1]: 6 In addition, tests on Harvey's body were negative for alcohol or drugs.[1]: 14
During the investigation, however, the NTSB was informed by another pilot that after the crash, he encountered a woman that claimed to be the fiancée of Captain Silver. The woman claimed to have "done a bag of cocaine" with Silver on the night before the accident. The NTSB attempted to contact and interview the woman, but were unsuccessful.[1]: 20 However, tests on Silver's body found traces of cocaine and its metabolites in his blood and urine.[1]: 14 [5] The NTSB concluded that Silver had likely used cocaine twelve to eighteen hours before the accident, and that his piloting skills were likely degraded as a result of his drug use.[1]: 28–29
On February 4, 1989, the NTSB issued its final report on Flight 2286, in which it stated its finding of the probable cause of the crash:
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the first officer's flying and the captain's ineffective monitoring of an unstabilized approach which resulted in a descent below the published descent profile. Contributing to the accident was the degradation of the captain's performance resulting from his use of cocaine before the accident.[1]: 34
The accident and subsequent investigation are the subject of a season 16 episode[6] of the documentary television series Mayday, titled "Dangerous Approach", first broadcast in July 2016.[7]
The two-engine turbo prop, owned by Trans Colorado Airlines and operating as Continental Express Flight 2286, crashed a few miles from Durango, Colo., as it neared the airport.
Laboratory tests found cocaine in the urine of pilot Steven S. Silver, who died at the controls of Continental Express Flight 2286, a twin-engine turbo prop that crashed in snowy mountains a few miles from Durango, Colo., as it approached the LaPlata County Airport, according to a toxicology report released by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).
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Aviation accidents and incidents in 1988 (1988)
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Jan 18 Jan 18 China Southwest Airlines Flight 4146 Jan 19 Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286 Feb 3 Feb 8 Nürnberger Flugdienst Flight 108 Feb 19 Feb 27 Talia Airways Boeing 727 crash Mar 1 Mar 4 Mar 8 Mar 17 Apr 5 Apr 28 May 6 May 24 Jun 12 Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046 Jun 23 1988 British Army Lynx shootdown Jun 26 Jul 3 Jul 13 Aug 17 Aug 28 Aug 31 Aug 31 Sep 9 Sep 15 Oct 17 Oct 19 Nov 2 LOT Polish Airlines Flight 703 Dec 8 Dec 11 Dec 21 | |
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Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States and U.S. territories in the 1980s
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This list is incomplete. | |
