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The Tubulinea are a major grouping of Amoebozoa , including most of the more familiar amoebae genera like Amoeba Arcella Difflugia Hartmannella
Characteristics
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During locomotion most Tubulinea have a roughly cylindrical form or produce numerous cylindrical pseudopods. Each cylinder advances by a single central stream of cytoplasm , granular in appearance, and has no subpseudopodia. This distinguishes them from other amoeboid groups, although in some members this is not the normal type of locomotion.
Classification
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This class was anticipated by some biologists such as Jahn, who grouped all amoebae with granular pseudopodia together,[1] Testacealobosia and naked Gymnamoebia . These latter are polyphyletic , but molecular trees by Bolivar et al. [2] sensu stricto [3] [4]
Taxonomy
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The class Tubulinea, as of 2022, is classified into three major groups: Corycida , Echinamoebida and Elardia . The most taxonomically abundant group is Elardia, which contains the testate amoebae of Arcellinida and the naked amoebae of orders Leptomyxida and Euamoebida .[5] [6] [7] [8]
Corycidia Kang et al. 2017
Order Echinamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004 em. 2011
Elardia Kang et al. 2017
Order Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976 em. Page 1987
Superorder Eulobosia Cavalier-Smith 2016
Order Euamoebida Lepşi 1960 em. Cavalier-Smith 2016
Order Arcellinida Kent 1880
Suborder Phryganellina Bovee 1985
Suborder Organoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
Suborder Glutinoconcha Kosakyan et al. 2016
Infraorder Volnustoma Kosakyan et al. 2016
Infraorder Hyalospheniformes Lahr et al. 2019
Family Hyalospheniidae Schultze 1877 emend. Kosakyan & Lara 2012 [Nebelidae Taranek 1882 ]
Infraorder Excentrostoma Lahr et al. 2019
Infraorder Cylindrothecina González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
Family Cylindrifflugiidae González-Miguéns, Todorov, Blandenier, Porfirio-Sousa, Ribeiro, Ramos, Lahr & Lara 2022
Infraorder Longithecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
Infraorder Sphaerothecina Kosakyan et al. 2016
References
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^ Bolivar, I.; Fahrni, J.F.; Smirnov, A. & Pawlowski, J. (2001). "SSU rRNA-based Phylogenetic Position of the Genera Amoeba and Chaos (Lobosea, Gymnamoebia): The Origin of Gymnamoebae Revisited" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 18 12 ): 2306–2314. doi :10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003777 PMID 11719580 .
^ Cavalier-Smith, T.; Chao, E.-Y; Oates, B. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the Amoebozoa and evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium ". European Journal of Protistology . 40 doi :10.1016/j.ejop.2003.10.001 .
^ Smirnov, A.V.; Nassonova, E.S.; Berney, C.; Fahrni, J.; Bolivar, I. & Pawlowski, J. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny and classification of the lobose amoebae". Protist . 156 (2 ): 129–142. doi :10.1016/j.protis.2005.06.002 . PMID 16171181 .
^ Kang S, Tice AK, Spiegel FW, Silberman JD, Pánek T, Cepicka I, et al. (September 2017). "Between a Pod and a Hard Test: The Deep Evolution of Amoebae" . Molecular Biology and Evolution . 34 9 ): 2258–2270. doi :10.1093/molbev/msx162 . PMC 5850466 PMID 28505375 .
^ Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W. (2018-09-26). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes" . Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology . 66 1 ): 4–119. doi :10.1111/jeu.12691 . PMC 6492006 PMID 30257078 .
^ Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Kosakyan, Anush; Lara, Enrique; Mitchell, Edward A.D.; Morais, Luana; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Pánek, Tomáš; Kang, Seungho; Brown, Matthew W. (2019). "Phylogenomics and Morphological Reconstruction of Arcellinida Testate Amoebae Highlight Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in the Neoproterozoic" . Current Biology . 29 6 ): 991–1001. doi :10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.078 hdl :11380/1301486
^ González-Miguéns, Rubén; Todorov, Milcho; Blandenier, Quentin; Duckert, Clément; Porfirio-Sousa, Alfredo L.; Ribeiro, Giulia M.; Ramos, Diana; Lahr, Daniel J.G.; Buckley, David; Lara, Enrique (2022). "Deconstructing Difflugia: The tangled evolution of lobose testate amoebae shells (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida) illustrates the importance of convergent evolution in protist phylogeny" . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 175 : 107557. doi :10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107557 hdl :10261/281619 ISSN 1055-7903 . PMID 35777650 .
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● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 6 J a n u a r y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 4 : 4 9 ( U T C ) . ● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
a d d i t i o n a l t e r m s m a y a p p l y . B y u s i n g t h i s s i t e , y o u a g r e e t o t h e T e r m s o f U s e a n d P r i v a c y P o l i c y . W i k i p e d i a ® i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f t h e W i k i m e d i a F o u n d a t i o n , I n c . , a n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n . ● P r i v a c y p o l i c y ● A b o u t W i k i p e d i a ● D i s c l a i m e r s ● C o n t a c t W i k i p e d i a ● C o d e o f C o n d u c t ● D e v e l o p e r s ● S t a t i s t i c s ● C o o k i e s t a t e m e n t ● M o b i l e v i e w
