Tukang Besi | |
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Native to | Indonesia |
Region | Sulawesi, Tukang Besi Archipelago |
Native speakers | (250,000 cited 1995)[1] |
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Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | Either:khc – Tukang Besi Northbhq – Tukang Besi South |
Glottolog | tuka1247 |
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Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tukangbesi Islands in southeast SulawesiinIndonesia by a quarter million speakers. A Tukang Besi pidgin is used in the area.[2]
Tukang Besi Pidgin | |
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Native speakers | None |
Tukang Besi–based pidgin | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | pidg1257 |
The northern dialect of Tukang Besi has 25 consonant phonemes and a basic 5-vowel system.[3] It features stress which is usually on the second-to-last syllable. The language has two implosive consonants, which are uncommon in the world's languages. The coronal plosives and /s/ have prenasalized counterparts which act as separate phonemes.
Bilabial | Dental/ Alveolar |
Velar | Glottal | |||||
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Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
Plosive | plain | p | b | t̪ | (d̪) | k | ɡ | ʔ |
prenasalized | mp | mb | n̪t̪ | n̪d̪ | ŋk | ŋɡ | ||
Implosive | ɓ | ɗ̪ | ||||||
Fricative | plain | β | s | (z) | h | |||
prenasalized | n̪s̪ | |||||||
Trill | r | |||||||
Lateral | l̪ |
Notes:
Tukang Besi does not have grammatical gender or number. It is an ergative–absolutive language.
Tukang Besi has an inflectional future tense, which is indicated with a prefix, but no past tense.
Tukang Besi uses verb–object–subject word order, which is also used by Fijian. Like many Austronesian languages, it has prepositions, but places adjectives, genitives, and determiners after nouns. Yes–no questions are indicated by a particle at the end of the sentence.[5]
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† indicate extinct languages |