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F r o m W i k i p e d i a , t h e f r e e e n c y c l o p e d i a
The U.S. Open Championship is an open national chess championship that has been held in the United States annually since 1900 (124 years ago) (1900 ) .
History
[ edit ]
The tournament was originally the championship of the Western Chess Association , and was called the Western Open. In 1934 the Western Chess Association became the American Chess Federation and the tournament became the American Chess Federation congress. In 1939, that organization merged into the United States Chess Federation (USCF) and the tournament became the U.S. Open.
In early years the tournament was usually small, and most years play was conducted as round robin . In some years it had to be divided into preliminary and final sections.
It grew larger starting in 1934, necessitating use of different formats. In 1946 the Swiss System was used for preliminary rounds, and in 1947 and subsequent years the tournament was held as a single section paired by the Swiss System.
For many years, the tournament had 12 or 13 rounds and lasted two weeks. After experimentation with various less-demanding formats, in recent years it has usually been nine rounds; the 2015 tournament was nine rounds in nine days.
Tournament participation grew through the 1950s and 1960s. Milwaukee 1953 had 181 entrants, setting a new record for the tournament. Cleveland 1957 had 184 players, and San Francisco 1961 set another attendance record with 198 players. The 1963 Open at Chicago had 266 entries, making it the largest chess tournament held in the United States to that time. The tourney was slightly smaller at Boston in 1964, with a field of 229.
The 1983 Open at Pasadena was the largest ever, at 836 official entries; it also featured the participation of Viktor Korchnoi , who had played in the last two World Championship matches.
In the 2000s, the fields were over 400 to 500 entries. The tournament began in some editions to decline both in attendance and importance, and often many winners are involved in a tie for first, especially since the mid 1990s.
The cash prizes awarded were large for their time and added to the tournament's popularity. In 1962, the entry fee was $20, with a first prize of $1,000, second prize $500, third $300, fourth $200, fifth $100, sixth through tenth $50 and eleventh through fifteenth $25. The Women's Open Champion won $200, and the women's runner-up $100. Additional cash prizes were awarded to the top women, the top junior, and for the best scores in the Expert , A, B, and C classes. The 2016 guaranteed prize fund was $40,000, with $8,000 for first place.
Winners
[ edit ]
No.
Year
Location
Champions
1
1900
Excelsior, Minnesota
Louis Uedemann
2
1901
Excelsior, Minnesota
Nicholas MacLeod
3
1902
Excelsior, Minnesota
Louis Uedemann
4
1903
Chicago
Max Judd
5
1904
St. Louis , Missouri
Stasch Mlotkowski
6
1905
Excelsior, Minnesota
Edward F. Schrader
7
1906
Chicago
George H. Wolbrecht
8
1907
Excelsior, Minnesota
Einar Michelsen
9
1908
Excelsior, Minnesota
Edward P. Elliot
10
1909
Excelsior, Minnesota
Oscar Chajes
11
1910
Chicago
George. H. Wolbrecht
12
1911
Excelsior, Minnesota
Charles Blake
13
1912
Excelsior, Minnesota
Edward P. Elliot
14
1913
Chicago
Bradford B. Jefferson
15
1914
Memphis, Tennessee
Bradford B. Jefferson
16
1915
Excelsior, Minnesota
Jackson Showalter
17
1916
Chicago
Edward Lasker
18
1917
Lexington, Kentucky
Edward Lasker
19
1918
Chicago
Bora Kostić
20
1919
Cincinnati
Edward Lasker
21
1920
Memphis, Tennessee
Edward Lasker
22
1921
Cleveland, Ohio
Edward Lasker
23
1922
Louisville, Kentucky
Samuel Factor
24
1923
San Francisco
Stasch Mlotkowski , Norman Whitaker
25
1924
Detroit
Carlos Torre
26
1925
Cedar Point, Ohio
Abraham Kupchik
27
1926
Chicago
Leon Stolzenberg
28
1927
Kalamazoo, Michigan
Albert Charles Margolis
29
1928
South Bend, Indiana
Leon Stolzenberg
30
1929
St. Louis, Missouri
Herman H. Hahlbohm
31
1930
Chicago
Samuel Factor , Norman Whitaker
32
1931
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Samuel Reshevsky
33
1932
Minneapolis
Reuben Fine
34
1933
Detroit
Reuben Fine
35
1934
Chicago
Reuben Fine , Samuel Reshevsky
36
1935
Milwaukee
Reuben Fine
37
1936
Philadelphia
Israel A. Horowitz
38
1937
Chicago
David Polland
39
1938
Boston
Israel A. Horowitz , Isaac Kashdan
40
1939
New York City
Reuben Fine
41
1940
Dallas
Reuben Fine
42
1941
St. Louis, Missouri
Reuben Fine
43
1942
Dallas
Herman Steiner , Daniel Yanofsky
44
1943
Syracuse, New York
Israel A. Horowitz
45
1944
Boston
Samuel Reshevsky
46
1945
Peoria, Illinois
Anthony Santasiere
47
1946
Pittsburgh
Herman Steiner
48
1947
Corpus Christi, Texas
Isaac Kashdan
49
1948
Baltimore
Weaver W. Adams
50
1949
Omaha, Nebraska
Albert Sandrin Jr.
51
1950
Detroit
Arthur Bisguier
52
1951
Fort Worth, Texas
Larry Evans
53
1952
Tampa, Florida
Larry Evans
54
1953
Milwaukee
Donald Byrne
55
1954
New Orleans
Larry Evans , Arturo Pomar
56
1955
Long Beach, California
Nicolas Rossolimo , Samuel Reshevsky (Rossolimo awarded title on tie-break)
57
1956
Oklahoma City
Arthur Bisguier
58
1957
Cleveland, Ohio
Bobby Fischer , Arthur Bisguier (Fischer awarded title on tie-break)
59
1958
Rochester, Minnesota
Eldis Cobo Arteaga
60
1959
Omaha, Nebraska
Arthur Bisguier
61
1960
St. Louis, Missouri
Robert Byrne
62
1961
San Francisco
Pal Benko
63
1962
San Antonio, Texas
Antonio Medina Garcia
64
1963
Chicago
William Lombardy , Robert Byrne
65
1964
Boston
Pal Benko
66
1965
Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Pal Benko , William Lombardy
67
1966
Seattle
Pal Benko , Robert Byrne
68
1967
Atlanta
Pal Benko
69
1968
Aspen, Colorado
Bent Larsen
70
1969
Lincoln, Nebraska
Pal Benko , Arthur Bisguier , Milan Vukcevich
71
1970
Boston
Bent Larsen
72
1971
Ventura, California
Walter Browne , Larry Evans
73
1972
Atlantic City, New Jersey
Walter Browne
74
1973
Chicago
Norman Weinstein , Duncan Suttles , Walter Browne ,Greg DeFotis , Ruben Rodríguez (Weinstein awarded title on tie-break)
75
1974
New York City
Pal Benko , Vlastimil Hort
76
1975
Lincoln, Nebraska
Pal Benko , William Lombardy
77
1976
Fairfax, Virginia
Anatoly Lein , Leonid Shamkovich
78
1977
Columbus, Ohio
Leonid Shamkovich , Andy Soltis , Timothy Taylor
79
1978
Phoenix, Arizona
Joseph Bradford
80
1979
Chicago
Florin Gheorghiu
81
1980
Atlanta
John Fedorowicz , Florin Gheorghiu
82
1981
Palo Alto, California
Florin Gheorghiu , Larry Christiansen , Jeremy Silman ,Nick de Firmian , John Meyer
83
1982
St. Paul, Minnesota
Andrew Soltis , William Martz
84
1983
Pasadena, California
Larry Christiansen , Viktor Korchnoi
85
1984
Ft. Worth, Texas
Roman Dzindzichashvili , Sergey Kudrin
86
1985
Hollywood, Florida
Yasser Seirawan , Boris Spassky , Joel Benjamin
87
1986
Somerset, New Jersey
Larry Christiansen
88
1987
Portland, Oregon
Lev Alburt
89
1988
Boston
Dmitry Gurevich
90
1989
Chicago
Lev Alburt
91
1990
Jacksonville, Florida
Yasser Seirawan
92
1991
Los Angeles
Michael Rohde , Vladimir Akopian
93
1992
Dearborn, Michigan
Gregory Kaidanov
94
1993
Philadelphia
Alexander Shabalov
95
1994
Chicago
Georgi Orlov, Dmitry Gurevich , Ben Finegold ,Smbat Lputian , Leo Kaushansky , Albert Chow
96
1995
Concord, California
Alex Yermolinsky
97
1996
Alexandria, Virginia
Gabriel Schwartzman
98
1997
Kissimmee, Florida
Alex Yermolinsky
99
1998
Kailua-Kona, Hawaii
Judit Polgár , Boris Gulko
100
1999
Reno, Nevada
Alex Yermolinsky , Alexander Goldin , Eduardas Rozentalis ,Alexander Shabalov , Gabriel Schwartzman , Michael Mulyar
101
2000
St. Paul, Minnesota
Alex Yermolinsky
102
2001
Framingham, Massachusetts
Aleksander Wojtkiewicz , Joel Benjamin ,Alexander Stripunsky , Fabian Doettling
103
2002
Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Gennadi Zaichik , Evgeniy Najer
104
2003
Los Angeles
Alexander Shabalov
105
2004
Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
Alexander Onischuk , Rodrigo Vásquez , Aleksander Wojtkiewicz ,Ildar Ibragimov , Andranik Matikozian [hy ] , Renier González , Marcel Martinez
106
2005
Phoenix, Arizona
Vadim Milov , Joel Benjamin
107
2006
Oak Brook, Illinois
Yury Shulman
108
2007
Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Boris Gulko , Sergey Kudrin , Benjamin Finegold , Alexander Shabalov ,Michael A. Rohde , Michael A. Mulyar , Anton Paolo Del Mundo
109
2008
Dallas
Alexander Shabalov , Rade Milovanović , Enrico Sevillano
110
2009
Indianapolis
Dmitry Gurevich , Sergey Kudrin , Alex Lenderman , Alex Yermolinsky , Jacek Stopa , Jesse Kraai
111
2010
Irvine, California
Alejandro Ramirez
112
2011
Orlando, Florida
Aleksandr Lenderman
113
2012
Vancouver, Washington
Manuel León Hoyos , Dmitry Gurevich , John Daniel Bryant
114
2013
Middleton, Wisconsin
Josh Friedel , Mackenzie Molner , Julio Sadorra
115
2014
Orlando, Florida
Conrad Holt
116
2015
Phoenix, Arizona
Alexander Shabalov
117
2016
Indianapolis, Indiana
Alexander Shabalov
118
2017
Norfolk, Virginia
Aleksandr Lenderman
119
2018
Middleton, Wisconsin
Timur Gareyev
120
2019
Orlando, Florida
Illia Nyzhnyk
121
2021
Cherry Hill, New Jersey
Aleksandr Lenderman
122
2022
Rancho Mirage, California
Aleksey Sorokin , Elshan Moradiabadi
123
2023
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Andrew Tang , Aleksey Sorokin
See also
[ edit ]
References
[ edit ]
Harkness, Kenneth (1967), Official Chess Handbook , David McKay, pp. 276–278, LCCN 66013085 (History and winners list of the tournament through 1966.)
McCrary, John. "Early Predecessors of the U.S. Chess Federation ". World Chess Hall of Fame. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
"2016 US Chess Yearbook" (PDF) . uschess.org . 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2018 . (winners list)
Verber, Richard (1979), "The U.S. Opens A Rich Tradition", Chess Life & Review , vol. July 1979, p. 400 (winners and location list 1939-1979)
"US Open Tournament Index" . Retrieved January 31, 2016 .
Chess Life , vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 128–129, June 1962 (details of the 1962 Open)
2007 results at uschess.org
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Open_Chess_Championship&oldid=1222702188 "
C a t e g o r i e s :
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● R e c u r r i n g e v e n t s e s t a b l i s h e d i n 1 9 0 0
● 1 9 0 0 i n c h e s s
H i d d e n c a t e g o r i e s :
● A r t i c l e s l a c k i n g i n - t e x t c i t a t i o n s f r o m D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 3
● A l l a r t i c l e s l a c k i n g i n - t e x t c i t a t i o n s
● C S 1 : l o n g v o l u m e v a l u e
● C S 1 e r r o r s : m i s s i n g t i t l e
● T h i s p a g e w a s l a s t e d i t e d o n 7 M a y 2 0 2 4 , a t 1 2 : 5 9 ( U T C ) .
● T e x t i s a v a i l a b l e u n d e r t h e C r e a t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - S h a r e A l i k e L i c e n s e 4 . 0 ;
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