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(Top) 1 Timeline of events 1.1 1918 1.2 1919 1.3 1920 2 Aftermath 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Union of Bukovina with Romania

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The union of Bukovina with Romania was declared in 28 November 1918, being officially recognized by the international community in 1919 and 1920.

Timeline of events[edit]

1918[edit]

22 October - Constantin Isopescu-Grecul, a Bukovinian Romanian deputy in the Austrian Imperial Council, warns the authorities in Vienna that if they do not force Budapest to release Transylvania and other Romanian-inhabited areas from Hungary, then the Romanian subjects of the empire would have to look for outside help.^[1]
25 October - The Ukrainian National Committee for Bukovina is formed.^[1]
27 October - The Romanian National Council is formed under the leadership of Iancu Flondor.^[1]
3 November - The Ukrainian National Rada takes control of the state apparatus in Czernowitz and the surrounding area.^[2]
4 November - Aurel Onciul, a Romanian Bukovinian politician, concludes an agreement (not authorized by the Romanian National Council) with the Ukrainian National Committee providing for the division of Bukovina along ethnic lines and joint Romanian-Ukrainian control over Czernowitz (the capital of Bukovina).^[1]
6 November - The Ukrainian National Committee occupies all Government buildings in Czernowitz and Omelian Popowicz is proclaimed President of "Ukrainian Bukovina".^[3]
7 November - Iancu Flondor appeals to the Romanian Government to occupy the entire land of Bukovina.^[1]
9/10 November - Romania re-declares war on the Central Powers (the May 1918 Treaty of Bucharest put an end to the first Romanian Campaign).^[1]^[4]
10 November - The Ukrainian National Committee together with its military supporters retreat from Czernowitz.^[3]
11 November - Czernowitz (claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic) is seized by the Romanian Army.^[1]^[5]^[3]
12 November - The Romanian National Council establishes a new government in Bukovina under Flondor's presidency.^[1]
28 November - The Romanian National Council, together with Polish and German representatives, convokes the General Congress of Bukovina which requests the union of Bukovina with Romania.^[1]^[6]
19 December - The Romanian Government issues a decree formalizing Bukovina's annexation.^[1]

1919[edit]

10 September - The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is signed, recognizing Romanian sovereignty over Bukovina (the frontiers of Romania were to be later fixed).^[7]^[8]^[9]

1920[edit]

10 August - The Treaty of Sèvres established the Romanian-Polish boundary (mainly, based on the July 1919 Lwów Convention).^[8]^[10]

Aftermath[edit]

Since 2015, Bukovina Day is celebrated in Romania every 28 November to commemorate the union of the region with Romania.^[11]

Gallery[edit]

Bukovina within Austria-Hungary
Flag of Bukovina
Division of Bukovina (orange) as claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic (black interrupted line)
Ethnic map of Bukovina (purple = Romanians, green = Ukrainians)
Iancu Flondor

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, p. 446

^ Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan, Wirth-Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2009, Western Ukraine in conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923, p. 54

^ ^a ^b ^c Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963, Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 787

^ Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, ABC-CLIO, 2005, World War I: A Student Encyclopedia, p. 361

^ Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich, Scarecrow Press, 2013, Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, p. 749

^ Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866-1947, p. 279

^ Lawrence Martin (2007). The Treaties of Peace, 1919-1923. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 1091–. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3.

^ ^a ^b Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, John Benjamins Publishing, 2006, History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 2, p. 58

^ Richard C. Hall, ABC-CLIO, 2014, War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia, p. 50