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Timeline of events of Jamestown Colony, Virginia (1606-1699)
Timeline of events related to the settlement of Jamestown, Virginia. Dates are New Style (e.g., the first landing occurred May 4 1607 [O.S. 14 May 1607])
c. Feb 1571: Paquiquineo, now Christened as "Don Luís de Velasco", slays eight Jesuit missionaries attempting to setup Ajacán Mission.[4]
c. 1585 CE: Walter Raleigh is granted a charter by Queen Elizabeth II, naming the North American coast "Virginia" in tribute to her. This leads to the establishment of a colony on Roanoke Island with 108 men.[5]
May 4, 1607 (1607-05-04): Fleet meets Rappahannock people and visit a Paspahegh native village where the colonists were entertained
May 8, 1607 (1607-05-08): Fleet encounters Appomattoc native up the James River
May 12, 1607 (1607-05-12): Archer's Hope is explored as a potential settlement site
c. 1607: Settlers deposit three pigs on Hog Island for safekeeping.[8][9]
May 14, 1607 (1607-05-14): Jamestown Island is selected (by decree of Edward Maria Wingfield) as the settlement site. The settlement is named "James His Towne" in tribute to James I of England.
June 15, 1607 (1607-06-15): Initial construction of James Fort concludes
c. June 1607 (1607-06): Sometime before setting sail, Christopher Newport convinces leaders to free John Smith and appoint Smith to the council[10]
June 22, 1607 (1607-06-22): Newport sails for England in the Susan Constant (with cargo of fool's gold and dirt[11]), leaving the Discovery and reassembled shallops for the colonists to use in the rivers and bays
c. June 22, 1607 (1607-06-22): Jamestown colonists begin to suffer (and succumb) to diseases (such as "swellings", "fluxes", and "fevers") due to non-potable water and mosquito-borne illnesses
c. June 22, 1607 (1607-06-22): Chief Powhatan sends corn and venison to the malnourished Jamestown settlers
August 12, 1607 (1607-08-12): The Susan Constant (Newport) arrives back in London, England
September 10, 1607 (1607-09-10): Council President Edward Maria Wingfield is deposed/impeached and arrested for allegedly hoarding food. John Ratcliffe becomes president. George Kendall is imprisoned for mutiny, and held on the Discovery.[12]
1607-12-10 John Smith takes nine men on a shallop to explore and find food up the Chickahominy River. George Cassen is captured and tortured to death
c. 1608-01-05: John Smith uses a compass to confound Opecanchanough and his hunting party, avoiding death
December 1607 (1607-12): John Smith is taken by OpechancanoughtoWerowocomoco, either to be inducted as a ceremonial tribe member or to be executed. Pocahantas participates.
c. January 1608: only 38 to 40 colonists were alive, and Ratcliffe and the Council planned to return to England on Discovery.
c. January 1608: John Smith returns to Jamestown from his encounter with Powhatan
c. January 1608: President John Ratcliffe holds John Smith responsible for the deaths of two English explorers, and is sentenced to death by hanging[citation needed]
January 2, 1608 (1608-01-02): Newport and the "first supply" mission ships (the John and Francis and Phoenix) arrive in Jamestown, adding 60 to 100 settlers to the colony. Newport overturns Smith's death sentence.
January 7, 1608: James Fort conflagration occurs through carelessness, burning down most wattle/straw shelters and the food storehouse.[13] Colonists have to live in the ruins to overwinter.[14]
Feb 1608: Newport and Smith trade with Powhatan. Thomas Savage (a teenaged boy) is sent to live with natives; Namontack is sent to live with English.[15]
April 10, 1608 (1608-04-10): Newport sails for England again
May 21, 1608 (1608-05-21): Newport and supply ships arrive back in England, London, England!
June 2, 1608 (1608-06-02) – July 22, 1608 (1608-07-22): John Smith explores Chesapeake Bay and rivers to find food and passage to the Pacific Ocean
c. 1608 Printing of John Smith's True Relation of Virginia in London, England.
June 8-10 1608: At Roaring Point, natives attempt to repel Smith and English explorers with archers waiting on the shore. The next evening, Smith comes ashore and leaves a basket of trade goods. Eventually, four Nanticoke men unaware of the situation meet with Smith and spread the word that he does not wish to attack. Hundreds of people come down the river to talk and tradeh.
June 17 1608: At Nomini Bay, two native men invite Smith's shallop crew to go up the creek. They are led into an ambush. However, gunfire disarms the Indians, and ceasing fire, they exchange hostages. The weroance explains that paramount chief Powhatan had ordered the ambush.
June 18-July 16 1608: voyage continues, with exploration of Potomac River and stops at many towns along the way. They meet a Wighcocomoco man named Mosco. Smith guesses that he is partly of European descent due to facial hair--a European trait. Mosco guides the English along a portion of the Potomac.
July 17 1608: Smith is wounded by stingray near the mouth of the Rappahannock River. He is treated by a doctor and survives.
July 18-21 1608: Smith's shallop returns to Jamestown
July 1608: John Ratcliffe left office (either by resignation or deposition) in July 1608, two months before the end of his term.
Sept 10, 1608: John Smith is elected to serve a one-year term as president of the council. His term was to end September 10, 1609.[16]
July 24, 1608 (1608-07-24) – September 27, 1608 (1608-09-27): Smith's second exploration of Chesapeake Bay and rivers to find food and passage to the Pacific Ocean. Matthew Scrivener is in command in Jamestown while Smith is gone.
c. October 1, 1608 (1608-10-01): Newport and the "second supply" mission ships (the Mary and Margaret) arrive in Jamestown, adding about 70 settlers to the colony. Included are Jamestown Polish craftsmen and the first English women in the New World: Mistress Margaret Fox Forrest and Anne Burras.
c. October 1608 (1608-10): Newport, John Smith, and armed men meet with Powhatan (Wahunsenacawh) to bestow gifts such as a feather mattress. Included is a coronation ceremony (using a metal crown with fake jewels[17]), which attempted to make Wahunsenacawh a vassal of King James I.[18]
c. 1608 Hog Island contains a drove of 60 pigs, which go unused by the colonists (out of fear of attack when leaving the fort).[19]
November 1608: "1608-11: Jamestown's first wedding (of two English): Anne Burras marries John Laydon, a carpenter[20]
December 1, 1608 (1608-12-01): George Kendall is executed for treason
July 1609 The Spanish reconnaissance ship, La Asunción de Cristo, is driven off by the timely arrival of Mary and John (captained by Samuel Argall), preventing the Spanish Empire from discovering a weakened Jamestown.
Pedro de Zúñiga y de la Cueva [es], the Spanish ambassador to England, was desperately seeking this information (in addition to spies) in order to get Philip III of Spain to authorize an attack on the colony.
June 2, 1609 (1609-06-02): Newport, George Somers and the "third supply" ships (Sea Venture, Catch, Diamond, Falcon, Blessinge, Unitie, Lion, Swallow, and Virginia) form a flotilla and depart England
July 24, 1609 (1609-07-24): A tropical storm hits the supply mission flotilla separating ships and delaying the resupply
July 28, 1609 (1609-07-28): The Sea Venture is shipwrecked near Gates' Bay, St. George's Island, Bermuda. The 150 Virginia-bound people become castaways on the uncolonized island, dubbed "Virgineola".
c. summer 1609 Stephen Hopkins is accused of mutiny for wanting to remain in Bermuda, arguing the Virginia Company contract voided by shipwreck
c. fall 1609 Fort Algernon is built nearby Jamestown
c. Oct 1609: John Smith is severely wounded by a gunpowder accident, and must return to England for proper treatment.
Oct 4 1609: Seven of the nine ships of the "third supply" mission arrive, delivering approximately 350 colonists but little supply. The Diamond and Unity also brought bubonic plague to the colony, killing at least 30 emigrants on the journey, and more over the following months.[22]
c. November 1609 (1609-11): Henry Spelman of Jamestown, a teenage boy, is sent to live with Powhatan as a translator and ambassador
c. November 1609 (1609-11): Powhatan natives attack and kill several settlers, and destroy the stock of pigs on Hog Island.
c. November 1609 (1609-11): Captain and Councillor Francis West takes the Swallow to trade with Patawomeck people. West kills several natives and steals food, but sets sail for England to avoid mutiny.
c. November 1609 (1609-11) – June 1610 (1610-06): Starving Time begins in the winter, killing many
Feb 1610: In the Somers Isles, Bermuda Rolfe (baby girl) is born to John Rolfe and Mistress Sarah Hacker Rolfe, but soon perishes
Feb 1610: In the Somers Isles, Bermudas Eason (baby boy) is born to Edward Eason and wife
March: 60 out of 500-600 colonists remain alive. Francis West and 36 men aren't counted as they had absconded to England.
May 10 1610: In the Somers Isles, Thomas Gates, Newport, Somers, and other castaway-colonists (totaling 137) board the Deliverance and Patience to sail to Jamestown. Two sailors (Christopher Carter and Edward-Robert Waters) remain behind on Bermuda.
May 23, 1610 (1610-05-23): Deliverance and Patience with castaway-colonists arrive from Bermuda in Virginia expecting 500-600 settlers, but finding only 60 colonists remaining[23][24]
May 24 1610: Thomas Gates and Thomas Dale issue Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall [sic], also known as Dale's Code, a martial law/authoritarian system of government
June 7: Thomas Gates decides to abandon Jamestown. Colonists plan to head north to Newfoundland fishing settlements for food and evacuation.
June 8: Jamestown refugees meet the supply ships of Thomas West, Lord De La WarratMulberry Island. Thomas West convinces the colonists to return to Jamestown with fresh supplies and healthy men.
August 9, 1610 De la Warr sends Percy with 70 colonists to attack the Paspahegh and Chickahominy villages, burning buildings, destroying crops, and killing up to 75 natives. This ignited the first of the Anglo-Powhatan Wars.
July 20, 1610: Thomas Gates leaves Jamestown for England, where he will use his story of the Sea Venture wreck to advocate for the colony and to spur further investment. Aboard with him are two Virginia Indians recently taken prisoner: weroanceSasenticum and his son Kainta.
c. 9 November 1610 George Somers dies at Bermuda from exhaustion
c. 1611: Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr contracts an illness. He boards a ship bound for Nevis, West Indies, (captained by Samual Argall), but is blown off course and forced to sail to England.[26]
March 1611: When the Thomas West returns to England, he appoints George Percy to lead the colony in his absence.
August 1611: Sir Thomas Gates returns to Virginia at the head of an expedition that includes three ships, 280 men, 20 women, 200 heads of cattle, 200 swine, and various other supplies and equipment
c. 1612: The town of "New London" (later named St. George's, Bermuda) is founded, becoming the oldest continuously-inhabited British town in the New World
5 April 1614: Richard Buck marries John Rolfe and Pocahontas (known as "Rebecca" Rolfe). A period of peace occurs between the natives and the colonists.
c. 1617 "Capt. Samuel Argall returns to replace George Yeardley as governour"[31], finding the town in a deteriorated/decayed state
c. In March 1617, John Rolfe and Rebecca/Pocahontas board a ship to return to Virginia, but they had sail only as far as Gravesend on the River Thames when Pocahontas becomes gravely ill.
c. March 1617: Rebecca/Pocahontas dies from unknown causes (perhaps a respiratory disease), aged 20 or 21 years.
"De La Warr dies on way to VA; replaced by Yeardley in April"[32]
November 18, 1618: The Virginia Company of London issues its "Instructions to George Yeardley," which includes the commissioning of a general assembly and the ancient planter/headright system. Part of the purpose was to encourage settlers to emigrate to Virginia, which included building a college. These instructions come to be known as the Great Charter.[33]
Before sailingto Virginia with the Great Charter, a "great comet" appeared over England.[34] It was considered a bad omen for the English, but apocryphally a harbinger for the birth of American freedom.[35]
In April 1644, Opechancanough planned another coordinated attack, which resulted in the deaths of another 350-500 of the 8,000 settlers in outlying plantations.[43]
1644 Indian uprising killed five hundred Europeans in outlying plantations.
Another fire is started by a prisoner awaiting execution.[45] The conflagration destroys the prison and the statehouse. The legislature temporarily relocates to Middle Plantation and was able to meet in the new facilities of the College of William & Mary
[[Category:Timelines of cities in Virginia]]
[[Category:17th century in Virginia]]
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