Valencia
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| Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de la Nueva Valencia del Rey | |
Top to bottom, left to right:
Panoramic View of Valencia; Urb Prebo Park; Bolívar Square of Valencia; Panoramic View of the south of Valencia; Street in Valencia; Municipal Theatre of Valencia; Arch of Carabobo; Metrópolis Mall | |
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| Etymology: Valencia de Don Juan | |
| Nickname(s):
Capital industrial de Venezuela,
La pequeña Detroit (The little Detroit), La ciudad de las naranjas, La ciudad de las mujeres hermosas, Valencia señorial | |
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  Valencia
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| Coordinates: 10°11′N 68°00′W / 10.183°N 68.000°W / 10.183; -68.000 | |
| Country |  Venezuela |
| State | Carabobo |
| Municipality | Valencia Libertador Los Guayos Naguanagua San Diego |
| Founded | March 25, 1555 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,548 km2 (598 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 520 m (1,710 ft) |
| Population
(2022)
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| • Total | 2,585,202 |
| Demonym | Valenciano(a) |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (VET) |
| Postal code |
2001
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| Area code | 0241 |
| Climate | Aw |
| Website | alcaldiadevalencia.gob.ve |
Valencia (Spanish pronunciation: [baˈlensja]) is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela.
The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay metropolitan region, which with a population of about 4.5 million is the country's second largest after that of Caracas. Caracas lies some 172 kilometres (107 miles) away to the east.
The area was already inhabited in the fourth millennium BC. The inhabitants were mainly hunters and gatherers who might have already developed some elementary forms of agriculture. Between AD 200 and 1000 an important settlement was formed close to Lake Valencia.
Around the year 1000, waves of migration started to come from the Orinoco river area, probably arriving along the Pao river. The fusion of previous settlements with these new populations gave rise to the Vacencioide culture.[1][2]
People in the area belonged mostly to Arawak groups. They were hunters and gatherers who also fished and grew maize and cotton. Their houses were built on artificial mounds in valleys that were often flooded by water from Lake Valencia.
Archaeologists have found mostly pottery from that time. Valencia was founded by Captain Alonso Díaz Moreno on March 25, 1555 – as the locals are proud of reminding visitors, eight years before Caracas. It was the first Spanish settlement in north-central Venezuela and its official name was Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Nueva Valencia del Rey. It was named after Valencia de Don Juan, Province of León, Spain. The encomiendas put the Indians living in the region under the control of the Spanish settlers. They started to displace the native population from the most fertile land, but they also started intermarrying with them.
Spanish conquistador Lope de Aguirre entered the city in 1561. In 1677 it was raided by French pirates, who burnt down its City Hall, thus destroying many very important documents about the early settlement of Venezuela. The German scientist Alexander von Humboldt visited the city on his trip through the Americas. He reported that at the time of his visit the city had around 6000 to 7000 inhabitants. On June 24, 1821, the battle of Carabobo was fought on the outskirts of the city, sealing the independence of Venezuela from imperial Spanish rule.
Valencia became the capital of Venezuela in 1830, after it separated from Gran Colombia. It ceased to be the capital soon afterward, becoming once more the seat of the national government in 1858 after the Monagas was toppled and the March Revolution took place. On November 15, 1892, the University of Valencia, future University of Carabobo, was founded. When dictator Juan Vicente Gómez died in 1935, Nueva Valencia del Rey was a small city. The oil revenues and industrialization that came along lead to a population explosion. Many immigrants, firstly from Europe and increasingly then from other Latin American countries, chose Nueva Valencia del Rey as the place to live in Venezuela.
The first direct election of local governments (including those of the mayor and of the state's government) took place in 1988.
Valencia was one of the places where Hugo Chávez's proposal for the constitutional reform was rejected with the highest proportion of votes: around 59.21% of the population rejected it.[3]
Valencia is located in a central valley, surrounded by a mountain range called the Coastal Range (Cordillera de la Costa). On the eastern outskirts of the city lies Lake Valencia, Venezuela's second-largest lake. To the West and Northeastern part there are mountains. To the south is an extension of the Venezuelan grasslands, the Llanos.
The elevation of the city is 520 metres (1,710 feet).
Valencia has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw). The city experiences a distinct wet season from May to November. The dry season extends from December to April, with significantly lower precipitation. Valencia, due to its latitude and closeness to the sea, has relatively warm temperatures. The yearly average is 26 °C (79 °F), (23.3 °C (73.9 °F) in the shade, a maximum of 32.6 °C (90.7 °F) and minimum of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F)). The city is located 479 metres (1,572 feet) above sea level. Winds reduce the temperature in the afternoon.
| Climate data for Valencia (Arturo Michelena International Airport) (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.1 (98.8) |
39.3 (102.7) |
38.9 (102.0) |
38.7 (101.7) |
38.1 (100.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
36.2 (97.2) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.6 (99.7) |
36.4 (97.5) |
39.3 (102.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.3 (90.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
33.2 (91.8) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.1 (88.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.2 (90.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.9 (76.8) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.5 (77.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.2 (70.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.6 (58.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
18.0 (64.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
16.5 (61.7) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 55.1 (2.17) |
32.5 (1.28) |
26.4 (1.04) |
71.8 (2.83) |
116.0 (4.57) |
135.9 (5.35) |
183.1 (7.21) |
187.1 (7.37) |
185.1 (7.29) |
194.9 (7.67) |
130.6 (5.14) |
86.0 (3.39) |
1,404.5 (55.30) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 6.0 | 9.1 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 7.8 | 3.9 | 98.5 |
| Source: NOAA[4] | |||||||||||||
The Cabriales river has problems with pollution. The most important waste disposal centre of Greater Valencia and Carabobo is located southwest of Valencia proper, in the Municipio Libertador, in La Guásima. There, waste is basically burnt without any special equipment.[5]
The City of Valencia is made of five (5) municipalities:[6] Valencia, Libertador, Los Guayos, Naguanagua, and San Diego.
Venezuelan law specifies that every municipal government must have four main functions: executive, legislative, comptroller, and planning. The executive function is managed by the mayor of each municipality, who is in charge of representing the municipality's administration. The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of seven councillors for each municipality, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws. The comptroller tasks are managed by the municipal comptroller's office, which oversees accountancy. Finally, planning is represented by the Local Public Planning Council, which manages development projects for the municipality.
The main newspapers of the region are El Carabobeño[7] and Notitarde,[8] with a circulation going from 75,000 to 92,000.
The main TV Stations in Valencia are Ecovisión (Channel 36 UHF) and DAT TV(Channel 30 UHF)
The private Digital Newspaper of Carabobo State is Agencia Carabobeña de Noticias (ACN).
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The main centre of higher education in Nueva Valencia del Rey is the University of Carabobo, one of the most important public universities of Venezuela. The direction of the University and some administratives centres are located in the Valencia Municipality, whereas most of the buildings are currently in the Naguanagua of the same city.
Other institutions of higher education are the Universidad Tecnológica del Centro (UNITEC), Universidad Arturo Michelena (UAM), Universidad José Antonio Páez (UJAP), Universidad Alejandro de Humboldt (UAH), Universidad Experimental Politécnica de las Fuerzas Armadas (UNEFA) in La Isabelica, the Instituto Nacional de Capacitación y Educación (INCE) in Los Colorados, La Isabelica and La Quizanda.
The square dates back to the colonial period, and was renamed after Bolivar in the nineteenth century. In 1887, Antonio Guzmán Blanco the president of Venezuela, decided to remodel the square, erecting a monumental column. The project was also endorsed by General Hermógenes López, president of Carabobo State, who succeeded Guzmán Blanco as president of Venezuela.
The main public library in Valencia is the Manuel Feo La Cruz Public Library, located in the city centre and open daily. Other public libraries are the Public Library of the Athenaeum of Valencia and the Morita Carillo Public Library, in the San Blas civic parish.
The city is well connected with the rest of the country by a network of highways and roads maintained by INVIAL.
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Valencia is home of the Venezuelan LVBP baseball team Navegantes del Magallanes.
Other professional teams include Trotamundos de Carabobo (LPB basketball), Carabobo FC (FVF soccer), and Industriales de Valencia (volleyball).
Valencia is twinned with:
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