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Valorphin

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Valorphin
Names

IUPAC name L-Valyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl-L-tryptophyl-L-threonyl-L-glutamine
Identifiers
CAS Number	144313-54-2^{N[ChemSpider]}
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	27470960
PubChem CID	90470048
InChI InChI=1S/C44H60N8O12/c1-22(2)35(45)40(59)50-36(23(3)4)41(60)49-32(19-25-12-14-27(54)15-13-25)43(62)52-18-8-11-33(52)39(58)48-31(20-26-21-46-29-10-7-6-9-28(26)29)38(57)51-37(24(5)53)42(61)47-30(44(63)64)16-17-34(55)56/h6-7,9-10,12-15,21-24,30-33,35-37,46,53-54H,8,11,16-20,45H2,1-5H3,(H,47,61)(H,48,58)(H,49,60)(H,50,59)(H,51,57)(H,55,56)(H,63,64)/t24-,30+,31+,32+,33+,35+,36+,37+/m1/s1 Key: CNYWVXYFCKFXLL-NMUVPRMFSA-N
SMILES C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)NC(=O)[C@@H]3CCCN3C(=O)[C@H](Cc4ccc(cc4)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₄₄H₆₁N₉O₁₁
Molar mass	892.024 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Valorphin, also known as VV-hemorphin-5, is a naturally occurring, endogenous opioid heptapeptide of the hemorphin family with the amino acid sequence H-Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln-OH (VVYPWTQ).^[1]^[2]^[3] It is produced in the body via proteolyic cleavageofresidues 33-39 of the β-chain of hemoglobin.^[2]^[4] Valorphin binds preferentially to the μ-opioid receptor and produces effects such as analgesia and self-administration in animals.^[1]^[2] It also possesses cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against tumor cells,^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] the mediation of which, because they are reversed by naloxone, appears to be dependent on the opioid receptors.^[5]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Maurer R, Römer D, Büscher HH, Gähwiler BH, Thies PW, David S (February 1985). "Valorphin: a novel chemical structure with opioid activity". Neuropeptides. 5 (4–6): 387–90. doi:10.1016/0143-4179(85)90035-6. PMID 2860596. S2CID 46078832.

^ ^a ^b ^c Erchegyi J, Kastin AJ, Zadina JE, Qiu XD (June 1992). "Isolation of a heptapeptide Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Thr-Gln (valorphin) with some opiate activity". International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research. 39 (6): 477–84. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb00277.x. PMID 1356941.

^ ^a ^b Blishchenko EY, Sazonova OV, Kalinina OA, et al. (May 2002). "Family of hemorphins: co-relations between amino acid sequences and effects in cell cultures". Peptides. 23 (5): 903–10. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00017-7. PMID 12084521. S2CID 44834813.

^ ^a ^b Blishchenko E, Sazonova O, Surovoy A, et al. (August 2002). "Antiproliferative action of valorphin in cell cultures". Journal of Peptide Science. 8 (8): 438–52. doi:10.1002/psc.402. PMID 12212807. S2CID 46177846.

^ ^a ^b Blishchenko EYu; Mernenko OA; Mirkina II; et al. (1997). "Tumor cell cytolysis mediated by valorphin, an opioid-like fragment of hemoglobin beta-chain". Peptides. 18 (1): 79–85. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(96)00248-3. PMID 9114456. S2CID 11332853.

^ Blishchenko EY, Sazonova OV, Kalinina OA, et al. (January 2005). "Antitumor effect of valorphin in vitro and in vivo: combined action with cytostatic drugs". Cancer Biology & Therapy. 4 (1): 118–24. doi:10.4161/cbt.4.1.1474. PMID 15662114.

Peptides: neuropeptides

Hormones

see hormones

Opioid peptides

Dynorphins	Dynorphin A Dynorphin A_1–8 Dynorphin B Big dynorphin Leumorphin α-Neoendorphin β-Neoendorphin
Endomorphins	Endomorphin-1 Endomorphin-2
Endorphins	α-Endorphin β-Endorphin γ-Endorphin
Enkephalins	Met-enkephalin Leu-enkephalin
Others	Adrenorphin Amidorphin Hemorphin Hemorphin-4 Nociceptin Opiorphin Spinorphin Valorphin

Other
neuropeptides

Kinins	Bradykinins Tachykinins: mammal Substance P Neurokinin A Neurokinin B amphibian Kassinin Physalaemin
Neuromedins	B N S U
Orexins	A B
Other	Angiotensin Bombesin Calcitonin gene-related peptide Carnosine Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript Delta-sleep-inducing peptide FMRFamide Galanin Galanin-like peptide Gastrin-releasing peptide Ghrelin Neuropeptide AF Neuropeptide FF Neuropeptide SF Neuropeptide VF Neuropeptide S Neuropeptide Y Neurophysins Neurotensin Pancreatic polypeptide Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide RVD-Hpα VGF