Morgan was born on October 10, 1935, in Savannah, Georgia. His father William owned a hardware and dry goods store and his mother Maxie Ponita (Donehoo) Morgan was a French teacher and volunteered with the Girl Scouts of America.[3]
He attended Georgia Institute of Technology, initially studying mechanical engineering, but switched to physics halfway through his studies. He graduated in 1957. He was in the Navy for two years working as an instructor at its Nuclear Power School, which directed him toward graduate studies. In 1959, he went to Princeton University, where he completed his PhD in 1964 under the supervision of Robert H. Dicke. He joined the faculty of the university immediately afterwards.[3]
Morgan's Ph.D. thesis about fluctuations in the gravitational constant was unrelated to geology. As a post-doctoral fellow, he shared an office with the English geologist Fred Vine who had discovered the bilateral symmetry of seafloor spreading. After reading H.W. Menard's work he began to consider how great faults and fracture zones might relate to the geometry of spheres.[4]
His first major contribution, made in the late 1960s, was to relate the magnetic anomalies of alternating polarity, which occur on the ocean bottom at both sides of a mid-ocean ridge, to seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.
From 1971 on he worked on the further development of the plume theoryofTuzo Wilson, which postulates the existence of roughly cylindrical convective upwellings in the Earth's mantle as an explanation of hotspots. Wilson originally applied the concept to Hawaii and explained the increase in age of the seamounts of the Hawaii-Emperor chain with increasing distance from the current hotspot location; however, the concept was subsequently applied to many other hotspots by Morgan and other scientists.
"The theory of plate tectonics he published in 1968 is one of the major milestones of U.S. science in the 20th century," F. A. Dahlen, chair of the Princeton Department of Geosciences, wrote in 2003.[5]
"Essentially all of the research in solid-earth geophysical sciences in the past 30 to 35 years has been firmly grounded upon Jason Morgan's plate tectonic theory," Dahlen said. "The scientific careers of a generation of geologists and geophysicists have been founded upon his landmark 1968 paper."[6]
Morgan, W. J. (1972). "Plate motions and deep mantle convection". In Shagam, R; Hargraves, RB; Morgan, WJ; et al. (eds.). Studies in earth and space sciences: A memoir in honor of Harry Hammond Hess. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 132. pp. 7–22. doi:10.1130/MEM132-p7. ISBN0-8137-1132-0.
^Bill Bonini; Laurie Wanat, eds. (Fall 2003). "Jason Morgan Retires"(PDF). The Smilodon: The Princeton Geosciences Newsletter. 44 (2). Passages about W. Jason Morgan from:
McPhee, John (1998). Annals of the Former World. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.
