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William Juxon (1582 – 4 June 1663) was an English churchman, Bishop of London from 1633 to 1646 and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 until his death.[2]
Juxon was the son of Richard Juxon and was born probably in Chichester, and was educated at the local grammar school, The Prebendal School.[3] He then went on to Merchant Taylors' School, London, and St John's College, Oxford, where he was elected to a scholarship in 1598.
Juxon studied law at Oxford, but afterwards took holy orders, and in 1609 became vicar of St Giles' Church, Oxford, where he stayed until he became rector of Somerton, Oxfordshire in 1615. In December 1621, he succeeded his friend, William Laud, as President (i.e. head) of St John's College, and in 1626 and 1627 he was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Juxon soon obtained other important positions, including that in 1632 of Clerk of the ClosettoKing Charles I.
In 1627, he was made Dean of Worcester and in 1632 he was nominated to the See of Hereford and resigned the presidency of St John's in January 1633. Though he legally became Bishop of Hereford by the confirmation of his election in late July 1633,[4] he never took up duties at Hereford, as in October 1633 he was consecrated Bishop of London in succession to Laud.
In March 1636 Charles I entrusted Juxon with important secular duties by making him Lord High Treasurer of England as well as First Lord of the Admiralty; for the next five years he had to deal with many financial and other difficulties. He resigned the treasurership in May 1641. During the Civil War, the bishop, against whom no charges were brought in parliament, lived undisturbed at Fulham Palace. His advice was often sought by the king, who had a very high opinion of him. The king selected Juxon to be with him on the scaffold and to offer him the last rites before his execution.
Juxon was deprived of the See of London by Parliament on 9 October 1646, and episcopacy was abolished for the duration of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate.[5][6] He retired to Little ComptoninGloucestershire (now in Warwickshire), where he had bought an estate, and became famous as the owner of a pack of hounds. At the restorationofCharles II, letters missive were issued (on 2 September 1660) naming Juxon (restored Bishop of London) Archbishop of Canterbury.
The congé d'élire was issued the next day and the chapter of Canterbury duly elected him on 13 September. The king's assent to the election was given on 15 September and the confirmation of Juxon's election (the legal ceremony by which he took office) was held in the Henry VII ChapelofWestminster Abbey on 20 September 1660.[a][7] He received the temporalities on 22 September and was enthroned at Canterbury on 25 September.[8] Juxon, as Archbishop of Canterbury, then took part in the new king's coronation, but his health soon began to fail and he died at Lambeth in 1663. By his will the archbishop was a benefactor to St John's College, where he was buried; he also aided the work of restoring St Paul's Cathedral and rebuilt the great hall at Lambeth Palace.
Juxon House, which stands north-west of St Paul's Cathedral at the top of Ludgate HillinLondon and forms part of the Paternoster Square development, is named after him. Juxon Street on land at Walton Manor formerly owned by St John's College in the inner-city suburb of Jericho, Oxford, is also named after him [9] as is another Juxon Street at Lambeth Walk, close to Juxon's former residence at Lambeth Palace.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Juxon, William". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 618.| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | First Lord of the Admiralty 1636–1638 |
Succeeded by as Lord High Admiral |
| In commission
William Laud |
Lord High Treasurer 1636–1641 |
In commission
Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttleton of Mounslow |
| Church of England titles | ||
| Preceded by | Bishop of Hereford 1633 |
Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Bishop of London 1633–1646 & 1660 |
Vacant Title next held by Gilbert Sheldon |
| Vacant Title last held by William Laud |
Archbishop of Canterbury 1660–1663 |
Succeeded by |
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| Preceded by | President of St John's College, Oxford 1621–1633 |
Succeeded by |
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