Literary scholars have identified at least two historical types of poetryaswisdom poetry. The first kind of wisdom poetry was written in ancient Mesopotamia, including the Sumerian Hymn to Enlil, the All-Beneficent.[1] Scholars of medieval literature have also termed some poems "wisdom poetry".
Sigmund Mowinckel argues that wisdom poetry, encapsulated mainly in sayingsorproverbs, was widespread in antiquity. Suggesting that wisdom poems were written in Egypt, Babylonia, and Canaan, Mowinckel identifies the influence of wisdom poetry on the Hebrew psalms.[2]Hermann Gunkel also identifies wisdom poetry (Weisheitsdichtung) as a psalmic genre.[3]
Wisdom poems were a significant aspect of Anglo-Saxon literary culture, written in the Old English language. Scholar Paul Battles identifies wisdom poetry as one of three genres of Anglo-Saxon poetry; the others are elegy and epic.[5] A 1998 anthology of Old English poems describes the genre as a "miscellaneous collection of works whose teaching is partly Christian, partly secular".[6] The editors group riddles, "succinct formulations of traditional wisdom", and "metrical charms" under the wisdom poetry heading.[6]
Carolyne Larrington, whose study A Store of Common Sense compares Old English and Old Icelandic (orOld Norse) wisdom poetry, defines a wisdom poem as one that "exists primarily to impart a body of information about the condition of the world ... or about the past".[7] She describes Maxims I, or Exeter Maxims,[8] as an example of Old English wisdom poetry, and Vafþrúðnismál and Grímnismál as Norse examples.[7]
^Battles, Paul (2014). "Toward a Theory of Old English Poetic Genres: Epic, Elegy, Wisdom Poetry, and the "Traditional Opening"". Studies in Philology. 111 (1): 1–33. ISSN0039-3738. JSTOR24391997.
