インスレーター (遺伝学)


: insulatorDNA調調300 bp2000 bpDNA[1][2]

2DNA[3][4]CTCFgypsyβCTCFgypsyDrosphilaβCTCF[5]

調調

機能

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2[3][4]

(一)enhancer blocker) - 

(二)barrier insulator- 

2[6]TAD調"chromosome neighborhoods"[7][8]

[3]

Drosophila melanogastergypsyscsscs'

Gallus gallusLys 5' AHS4

Saccharomyces cerevisiaeSTARUASrpg

Homo sapiensHS5

作用機構

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エンハンサー遮断インスレーター

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[4][9]-[4][4]

バリアインスレーター

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ATP[4]

CTCFインスレーター

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CTCF[10][11]CTCF[2]2CTCFInsulated neighborhood[12]

調節

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CTCF調1DNACTCFCpG調[2]Igf2-H19imprinting control regionICRCTCF[13]2調CTCF調調RNACP190[2][14]

gypsyインスレーター

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Drosphilagypsy1gypsy5'UTRgypsy[15]

βグロビン遺伝子座

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βcHS4cHS4βcHS4cHS45'[5]

cHS4HS5ββ5'HS5in vivo[5]

CTCFβCTCF[13]CTCFβββcHS4CTCFFII[5]

遺伝学との関係

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インプリンティング

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Igf2-H19CTCFICR調ICRCTCFIgf2H19[13]

転写

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-[3][4]調[3]

変異とがん

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CTCF調CTCF調hTERTC-MYCCTCF[2]

CTCFRbCTCFRb[2]

調BRCA1p53CTCFCTCF[2]

出典

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  1. ^ Allison, Lizabeth A. (2012). Fundamental Molecular Biology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 300–301. ISBN 9781118059814 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Yang, Jingping; Corces, Victor G. (2011). “Chromatin Insulators: A Role in Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression”. Advances in Cancer Research 110: 43–76. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-386469-7.00003-7. ISBN 9780123864697. ISSN 0065-230X. PMC 3175007. PMID 21704228. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3175007/. 
  3. ^ a b c d e West, Adam G.; Gaszner, Miklos; Felsenfeld, Gary (2002-02-01). “Insulators: many functions, many mechanisms” (英語). Genes & Development 16 (3): 271–288. doi:10.1101/gad.954702. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 11825869. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Gaszner, Miklos; Felsenfeld, Gary (September 2006). “Insulators: exploiting transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms” (英語). Nature Reviews Genetics 7 (9): 703–713. doi:10.1038/nrg1925. ISSN 1471-0064. PMID 16909129. https://zenodo.org/record/1233525. 
  5. ^ a b c d Wai, Albert W.K.; Gillemans, Nynke; Raguz-Bolognesi, Selina; Pruzina, Sara; Zafarana, Gaetano; Meijer, Dies; Philipsen, Sjaak; Grosveld, Frank (2003-09-01). “HS5 of the human β-globin locus control region: a developmental stage-specific border in erythroid cells”. The EMBO Journal 22 (17): 4489–4500. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg437. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 202379. PMID 12941700. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC202379/. 
  6. ^ “The insulation of genes from external enhancers and silencing chromatin”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 Suppl 4: 16433–7. (December 2002). doi:10.1073/pnas.162342499. PMC 139905. PMID 12154228. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139905/. 
  7. ^ Perkel J (1 June 2015). “Mapping chromosome neighborhoods”. BioTechniques 58 (6): 280–284. doi:10.2144/000114296. PMID 26054763. 
  8. ^ Ong CT, Corces VG (April 2014). “CTCF: an architectural protein bridging genome topology and function”. Nat Rev Genet 15 (4): 234–46. doi:10.1038/nrg3663. PMC 4610363. PMID 24614316. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4610363/. 
  9. ^ Deng, W; Lee, J; Wang, H; Miller, J; Reik, A; Gregory, P. D.; Dean, A; Blobel, G. A. (2012). “Controlling long-range genomic interactions at a native locus by targeted tethering of a looping factor”. Cell 149 (6): 1233–44. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.03.051. PMC 3372860. PMID 22682246. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372860/. 
  10. ^ “CTCF: master weaver of the genome”. Cell 137 (7): 1194–211. (June 2009). doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.001. PMC 3040116. PMID 19563753. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040116/. 
  11. ^ Phillips, Jennifer E.; Corces, Victor G. (2009-06-26). “CTCF: Master Weaver of the Genome”. Cell 137 (7): 1194–1211. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.001. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 3040116. PMID 19563753. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040116/. 
  12. ^ Dowen, JM; Fan, ZP; Hnisz, D; Ren, G; Abraham, BJ; Zhang, LN; Weintraub, AS; Schuijers, J et al. (9 October 2014). “Control of cell identity genes occurs in insulated neighborhoods in mammalian chromosomes.”. Cell 159 (2): 374–87. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.030. PMC 4197132. PMID 25303531. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4197132/. 
  13. ^ a b c Allison, Lizabeth A. (2012). Fundamental Molecular Biology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 367. ISBN 9781118059814 
  14. ^ Kim, Somi; Yu, Nam-Kyung; Kaang, Bong-Kiun (June 2015). “CTCF as a multifunctional protein in genome regulation and gene expression” (英語). Experimental & Molecular Medicine 47 (6): e166. doi:10.1038/emm.2015.33. ISSN 2092-6413. PMC 4491725. PMID 26045254. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491725/. 
  15. ^ Gdula, David A.; Gerasimova, Tatiana I.; Corces, Victor G. (1996). “Genetic and Molecular Analysis of the gypsy Chromatin Insulator of Drosophila”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93 (18): 9378–9383. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.18.9378. JSTOR 39717. PMC 38435. PMID 8790337. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC38435/.