(a)  (b)  (c) 

-

ビラジカル

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Biradical [1]

1915 [2]
Schlenk-brauns hydrocarbons 
Schlenk-brauns hydrocarbons



1907[3][4]1960[5]1962[6][7][8]
     
チチバビンのビラジカル (1907) ヤンのビラジカル (1960) コッピンガーのビラジカル (1962)

トリメチレンメタン

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よく研究されているビラジカルとして、トリメチレンメタン英語版 (TMM), C4H6 が挙げられる。 1966年、 ポール・ダウドは電子スピン共鳴によりこの化合物もスピン三重項状態にあることを示した。結晶性のホスト中においてはTMMの6つの水素は同等である。

キノジメタンとPAH

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19531995J2001 

[9][10][11] [12][13] [14][15][16]
 

 

テランセンビラジカル Singlet. max. 3 stabilizing Clar sextets英語版, stable rt, air. 50% biradical, molecular section of graphene[訳語疑問点]

ビスフェナレニルビラジカル Singlet. max. 6 stabilizing Clar sextets, stable rt, air. 42% biradical [訳語疑問点]

オキシアリル

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 (OXA) [17]OXA  1.94 eV 

分類

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non-disjoint型(上)と disjoint型(下)の非ケクレ分子のNBMO

 (NBMO) non-disjointdisjoint 

non-disjointNBMO non-disjointNBMO

disjointNBMOnon-disjoint

出典

編集
  1. ^ IUPAC Gold Book: biradicaldiradicals の項を参照。
  2. ^ Robert A. Moss; Matthew S. Platz; Maitland Jones, Jr, ed (2003). Reactive Intermediate Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-23324-4 
  3. ^ Tschitschibabin, A. E. (1907). “Über einige phenylierte Derivate des p, p-Ditolyls.” (ドイツ語). Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft (Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) 40 (2): 1810–1819. doi:10.1002/cber.19070400282. 
  4. ^ Montgomery, Lawrence K.; Huffman, John C.; Jurczak, Edward A.; Grendze, Martin P., Jr. (1986). “The molecular structures of Thiele's and Chichibabin's hydrocarbons”. Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS) 108 (19): 6004–6011. doi:10.1021/ja00279a056. 
  5. ^ Yang, N. C.; Castro, A. J. (1960). “SYNTHESIS OF A STABLE BIRADICAL”. Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS) 82 (23): 6208–6208. doi:10.1021/ja01508a067. 
  6. ^ Coppinger, G. M. (1962). “A stable phenoxy radical inert to oxygen”. Tetrahedron (Elsevier Ltd.) 18 (1): 61-65. doi:10.1016/0040-4020(62)80024-6. 
  7. ^ Coppinger, G. M. (1964). “Inhibition Reactions of Hindered Phenols”. Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS) 86 (20): 4385–4388. doi:10.1021/ja01074a032. 
  8. ^ Baumgarten. “chapter 12: High spin molecules directed towards molecular magnets”. In Lund, Anders; Shiotani, Masaru, Martin. EPR of free radicals in solids, Trends in methods and application. Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-4886-6 
  9. ^ Kolc, Jaroslav.; Michl, Josef. (1973). “π,π-Biradicaloid hydrocarbons. Pleiadene family. I. Photochemical preparation from cyclobutene precursors”. Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS) 95 (22): 7391–7401. doi:10.1021/ja00803a030. 
  10. ^ Porter, William W., III; Vaid, Thomas P.; Rheingold, Arnold L. (2005). “Synthesis and characterization of a highly reducing neutral “extended viologen” and the isostructural hydrocarbon 4,4''''-di-n-octyl-p-quaterphenyl”. Journal of the American Chemical Society (ACS) 127 (47): 16559–16566. doi:10.1021/ja053084q. 
  11. ^ Casado, Juan; Patchkovskii, Serguei; Zgierski, MarekZ.; Hermosilla, Laura; Sieiro, Carlos; MorenoOliva, María; LópezNavarrete, JuanT. (2008). “Raman Detection of “Ambiguous” Conjugated Biradicals: Rapid Thermal Singlet-to-Triplet Intersystem Crossing in an Extended Viologen”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (WILEY-VCH Verlag) 47: 1443--1446. doi:10.1002/anie.200704398. ISSN 1521-3773. 
  12. ^ Ueda, Akira; Nishida, Shinsuke; Fukui, Kozo; Ise, Tomoaki; Shiomi, Daisuke; Sato, Kazunobu; Takui, Takeji; Nakasuji, Kazuhiro et al. (2010). “Three-Dimensional Intramolecular Exchange Interaction in a Curved and Nonalternant π-Conjugated System: Corannulene with Two Phenoxyl Radicals”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (WILEY-VCH Verlag) 49: 1678-1682. doi:10.1002/anie.200906666. ISSN 1521-3773. 
  13. ^ Ziessel, Raymond; Stroh, Christophe; Heise, Henrike; Köhler, Frank H.; Turek, Philippe; Claiser, Nicolas; Souhassou, Mohamed; Lecomte, Claude (2004). “Strong Exchange Interactions between Two Radicals Attached to Nonaromatic Spacers Deduced from Magnetic, EPR, NMR, and Electron Density Measurements”. Journal of the American Chemical Society 126: 12604-12613. doi:10.1021/ja0305959. 
  14. ^ Kubo, Takashi; Shimizu, Akihiro; Uruichi, Mikio; Yakushi, Kyuya; Nakano, Masayoshi; Shiomi, Daisuke; Sato, Kazunobu; Takui, Takeji et al. (2007). “Singlet Biradical Character of Phenalenyl-Based Kekulé Hydrocarbon with Naphthoquinoid Structure”. Organic Letters 9: 81-84. doi:10.1021/ol062604z. ISSN 1523-7052. PMID 17192090. 
  15. ^ Konishi, Akihito; Hirao, Yasukazu; Nakano, Masayoshi; Shimizu, Akihiro; Botek, Edith; Champagne, Benoît; Shiomi, Daisuke; Sato, Kazunobu et al. (2010). “Synthesis and Characterization of Teranthene: A Singlet Biradical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Having Kekulé Structures”. Journal of the American Chemical Society 132: 11021-11023. doi:10.1021/ja1049737. 
  16. ^ Lambert, Christoph (2011). “Towards Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with a Singlet Open-Shell Ground State”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (WILEY-VCH Verlag) 50: 1756-1758. doi:10.1002/anie.201006705. ISSN 1521-3773. 
  17. ^ Ichino, Takatoshi; Villano, StephanieM.; Gianola, AdamJ.; Goebbert, DanielJ.; Velarde, Luis; Sanov, Andrei; Blanksby, StephenJ.; Zhou, Xin et al. (2009). “The Lowest Singlet and Triplet States of the Oxyallyl Diradical”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition (WILEY-VCH Verlag) 48: 8509-8511. doi:10.1002/anie.200904417. ISSN 1521-3773.