ヘイズ・コード

アメリカ合衆国の映画界で導入されていた自主規制条項

: Hays Codethe Breen CodeProduction Code[1]19341968[1]pre-code[2]

[2][2]

内容

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[3]


(一)("hell," "damn," "Gawd,")使[1]

(二)

(三)

(四)

(五)

(六)

(七)

(八)

(九)

(十)

(11)



(一)

(二)

(三)

(四)使

(五)

(六)

(七)

(八)

(九)

(十)

(11)

(12)姿

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)使

(24)

(25)

歴史

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ヘイズ・コード成立の経緯

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1929 en:Motion Picture HeraldA[4] [5][6] [4]19302[7] SStudio Relations Committee[8][9][10] 1930331MPPDA[11]

2"" 使 """"[12]使[13] [13]

[14][9]""[15][16][9] [9]

[12][17] [18][19]

ヘイズ・コード初期

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セシル・B・デミルの『暴君ネロ』の1シーン

1930219[20] 1932 (Dr. James Wingate) [10][21] 使[22][23]  1500[21]F [24] 1930[25] [10]

192030 [9] w:The Nation[26] [27]Outlook1930[9][9] 19311933[10][10]

ヘイズコード廃止まで(1954年 - 1968年)

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1940101.2.3.4.5.6.7.調8.9.10.1

19501959 19591961007 1964 MPAA 1959MPAA

19601930MPAA1966"suggested for mature audiences" (SMA) 1966MPAA "screw""hump the hostess"'fuck' 

ヘイズ・コード廃止後

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MPAA1968G, M, R, X1969 ()

1970MGP1972PG1984/PGPGRPG-13XXXX使MPAA1990XNC-17

脚注

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注釈

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  1. ^ ただし、"God," "Lord," "Jesus," "Christ"の場合、正式な宗教儀式の中で敬意をもって用いられる場合はこの限りではない。

出典

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  1. ^ a b "Hays Office." Dictionary of Media and Communication Studies, James Watson, and Anne Hill, Bloomsbury, 9th edition, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Motion Picture Production Code; MPPC." A/V A to Z: An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media, Entertainment and Other Audiovisual Terms, Richard W. Kroon, McFarland, 1st edition, 2014.
  3. ^ Lewis, Jon (2000). Hollywood v. Hard Core: How the Struggle Over Censorship Created the Modern Film Industry. NYU Press. pp. 301–02. ISBN 978-0-8147-5142-8. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=4OBepfVJOeEC&pg=PA301&lpg=PA301&dq=%22The+Don%27ts+and+Be+Carefuls%22&redir_esc=y&hl=ja#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Don%27ts%20and%20Be%20Carefuls%22&f=false 
  4. ^ a b Smith. pg. 38
  5. ^ Doherty. pg. 6
  6. ^ Jacobs. pg. 108
  7. ^ Prince. pg. 21
  8. ^ Vieira. pg. 8
  9. ^ a b c d e f g LaSalle, Mick. "Pre-Code Hollywood" Archived 2009年6月18日, at the Wayback Machine., GreenCine.com, accessed October 4, 2010.
  10. ^ a b c d e Doherty. pg. 8
  11. ^ Doherty. pg. 2
  12. ^ a b Doherty. pg. 7
  13. ^ a b Doherty. pg. 11
  14. ^ Butters Jr. pg 188
  15. ^ The Dame in the Kimono, Leonard Jeff & Jerold Simmons, 1990.
  16. ^ Hollywood Censored, Gregory Black, 1994.
  17. ^ Black. pg. 43
  18. ^ Yagoda, Ben (2010年10月10日). “1 HOLLYWOOD CLEANS UP ITS ACT The curious career of the Hays Office”. American Heritage.com. 2015年1月10日閲覧。
  19. ^ Doherty. pg. 107
  20. ^ Black. pg. 44
  21. ^ a b Black. pg. 51
  22. ^ Black. pgs. 50?1
  23. ^ Jacobs. pg. 27
  24. ^ Vieira. pg. 117
  25. ^ Black. pg. 52
  26. ^ Black. pgs. 44?5
  27. ^ Black pg. 45


出典

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  • Bernstein, Matthew. Controlling Hollywood: Censorship and Regulation in the Studio Era. Rutgers University Press 1999 ISBN 0813527074
  • Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press 1996 ISBN 0-521-56592-8
  • Butters Jr., Gerard R. Banned in Kansas: motion picture censorship, 1915-1966. University of Missouri Press 2007 ISBN 0826217494
  • Doherty, Thomas Patrick. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934. New York: Columbia University Press 1999. ISBN 0-231-11094-4
  • Jacobs, Lea. The Wages of Sin: Censorship and the Fallen Woman Film, 1928-1942. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1997 ISBN 0-520-20790-4
  • Jeff, Leonard L, & Simmons, Jerold L. The Dame in the Kimono: Hollywood, Censorship, and the Production Code. The University Press of Kentucky 2001 ISBN 0813190118
  • Gardner Eric. The Czar of Hollywood. Indianapolis Monthly, Emmis Publishing LP February 2005 ISSN 0899-0328 (available online)
  • Prince, Stephen. Classical Film Violence: Designing and Regulating Brutality in Hollywood Cinema, 1930-1968. Rutgers University Press 2003 ISBN 0813532817
  • Siegel, Scott, & Siegel, Barbara. The Encyclopedia of Hollywood. 2nd edition Checkmark Books 2004. ISBN 0-8160-4622-0
  • Smith, Sarah. Children, Cinema and Censorship: From Dracula to the Dead End Kids. Wiley-Blackwell 2005 ISBN 1405120274
  • Vieira, Mark A. Sin in Soft Focus: Pre-Code Hollywood. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1999. ISBN 0-8109-8228-5

参考文献 

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関連項目

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