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はてなキーワード: wageとは

2024-04-08

[] 賃金物価スパイラル悪循環を続けるか





調
2024-04-07
"It isstill too early to say whether the immediate future will replicate these patterns." https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/wage-price-spirals-historical-evidence







https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA123100S4A310C2000000/

()

"The real wage falls early onand recovers later." https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/WagePriceSpirals.pdf
Permalink | (0) | 06:52 
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2024-01-01

financial times

Will the Bank of Japan raise rates above zero?

No. 2024 will be the year the Japanese central bank finally ditches yield curve control and negative interest rates. Contrary to market expectations of several further increases, however, rates will end the year no higher than zero.

With mediocre wage growth, a stronger yen in prospect as US rates peak and reasons to prefer a steeper yield curve, the BoJ is unlikely to set a positive rate — although as with any central bank forecast, much depends on the incoming data. Robin Harding

2023-11-08

[] 例えばウルトラ雑にAIに尋ねるとこうなるのよな・・・



AI

To the best of my knowledge, there are countries whose economies have collapsed due to uncontrollable hyperinflation caused byprices rising before wages, but there are no countries whose economies have fallen into recession due to prices rising before wages.
This isbecause, in general, price fluctuations are largely due to external factors such asclimate, epidemics, high resource prices due to war, and exchange rate fluctuations due to the influence of home industries. Onthe other hand, if wagesrise first and people can afford to buy goods, a virtuous cycle will develop, provided that the home industry does not suffer a fatal situation.
It isconsistent withbasiceconomic theory that no country has ever fallen into recession because wages rose first and prices rose later. Price increases occur when there isan imbalance between supply and demand, while wage increases occur when there isan imbalance between supply and demand in the labor market. Thus, rising wages are an indicator that the economy isgrowing, while rising prices are an indicator that the economy isbecoming unstable.
 
Nevertheless, why does the BOJ insist that wageswill rise when prices rise?
Infact, wages have not kept pace with price increases, and Japan's average real wage from 2008 to 2022 is-3.
Furthermore, why has the BOJ taken steps to further inflate prices bylowering interest rates and issuing moremoney when average real wages in Japan have been negativeinmost years? Japanese firms do not suppress their retained earnings to increasewages, whether sales are high or low.
 
 
 
退


 

20082022-3

 
AI

 
20131CPI2²²
 
20169QQE with YCC²CPI2²²
 
199120215
 

 

 
調
 
Productivity in Japan has increased somewhat between 2009 and 2022: according to OECD data, nominal labor productivityper hour has increased from 3,890 yen in 2009 to 5,110 yen in 2022, and nominal labor productivityper capitahas increased from 6.69 million yen in 2009 to 8.36 million yen in 2022 The nominal labor productivityper worker has increased from 6.69 million yen in 2009 to 8.36 million yen in 2022. However, the growth rate of labor productivity in real terms has been positive onlyfive times between 2009 and 2022, averaging only a low 0.3%.
 

 
OECD120093,89020225,1101200966920228362009202250.3
 
AI

 
¹
 ¹
 ²
R&D²
²
 
COVID-19IT²
 
調²
 
Toyota has invented the term "kaizen", but according to OECD data, overall factory productivity in Japan isnot high.
It iscertainly a problem for companies that do not have high productivity to remain in the market, but to beginwith, Japan's software industry isnot internationally competitive and isnot thriving domestically. Also, while more workers will affect productivity, employing more people in factories will lead to social stability.
 

 
""OECD

 
AI

 
TPS¹
 

 
OECD2020103.8OECD100131.4115.9112.5²
 



 

 
IDC2020IT12.6ITIT6.433.916.4西15.9
 

 


調
 

COVID-196
7
6

 

anond:20231108123110 anond:20231108142737 anond:20231114081626
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2022-06-15

anond:20220615175302

だな。

wage貰ってるやつを理由なく首切れるわけないだろ

2020-04-20

もう平成には戻れない

There will be no 'back to normal'

New modes of collaboration between the public and private sectors will emerge for future surge capacity - e.g. hotels designed, and part-funded, to act as hospital overspill.

病室に収容されることが上級国民の証になるかも 一般国民アパホテル収容してくれるってよ

The crisis may exacerbate income inequality, since higher-income workers are, on average, more able to work remotely.

いまリモートワークできている人はこれから勝ち組

Possibly millions of people may suffer permanent health issues (e.g. lung scarring), causing further economic impact.

コロナ感染して今回死ななくても、一生デバフ効果に苛まれることになる=コロナ感染して肺炎になった時点でポンコツB品扱いに

出自粛は他人のためでなく自分のためだよ

This also means that many jobs that disappear during the pandemic will not return.

営業自粛を求められた業種ってそのまま消えるかもよ

We anticipate lasting interest in remote working models (which may lead to a further fall in commercial rent).

金持ち父さん的な大家さん業オワタ

There may be possible acceleration of labour-replacing automation by firms, especially if the cost of borrowing decreases and the minimum wage increases

低賃金では働きたくないでござるなんて甘えている労働者排除されかねないね

The crisis is accelerating major changes in how we live online, many of which will be permanent - e.g. some firms which can function effectively with a remote workforce will close offices to save costs, whilst many commuters will be reluctant to resume that lifestyle.

あれっ REITってもう破綻するんじゃね?

Civil rights and property rights are being suspended as governments declare states of emergency; some fear that these rights may never be restored, leading to a permanent erosion of civil liberties.

自粛じゃ手ぬるいとか言ってるバカ奥州出羽守見てる?

Uneven enforcement, heavy-handed legal sanctions or officiousness by police and authorities may lead to decreased trust and confidence of the public, and diminished notion of ‘policing by consent’.

上級国民ww

The crisis has created a dramatic short-term reduction in air pollution and greenhouse gases, as travel and industry have dropped precipitously.

やべぇ コロナのおかげで空気キレイになり温室効果ガス(?も減りまくり これにはグレタちゃんも大喜び

Although investment in electric vehicles has fallen, if air pollution is shown to be a contributory factor in coronavirus deaths (currently unclear but postulated), this may lead to renewed efforts to remove polluting vehicles and other sources of air pollution.

実は大気汚染がヤバかったところがコロナでもヤバいんじゃね

Restrictions on the trade of exotic animals will increase, possibly also with greater protections for wildlife. (Epidemiologists were warning for decades that "the presence of a large reservoir of SARS-CoV-like viruses in horseshoe bats, together with the culture of eating exotic mammals in southern China, is a time bomb".)

なんだかんだでコウモリなんて食ってる土人はクソ

2018-12-19

Global Gender Gap Index 2018

http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2018

スコア順位/149カ国)

Country日本(2017)日本アメリカドイツフランスイギリスイタリアカナダ韓国アイスランドスウェーデン
score(rank) 0.657(114) 0.662(110) 0.72(51) 0.776(14) 0.779(12) 0.774(15) 0.706(70) 0.771(16) 0.657(115) 0.858(1) 0.822(3)
Economic 0.58(114) 0.595(117) 0.782(19) 0.734(36) 0.685(63) 0.705(52) 0.592(118) 0.748(27) 0.549(124) 0.793(16) 0.808(9)
Labour force participation 0.781(79) 0.799(79) 0.854(59) 0.897(40) 0.895(42) 0.876(51) 0.737(93) 0.912(31) 0.75(88) 0.939(20) 0.956(13)
Wage equality for similar work (survey) 0.672(52) 0.696(45) 0.796(8) 0.717(33) 0.488(133) 0.654(64) 0.512(126) 0.69(50) 0.532(121) 0.82(1) 0.735(25)
Estimated earned income (PPP, US$) 0.524(100) 0.527(103) 0.648(60) 0.684(38) 0.724(24) 0.555(96) 0.57(91) 0.675(42) 0.457(121) 0.722(26) 0.785(14)
Legislators, senior officials and managers 0.142(116) 0.152(129) 0.681(24) 0.413(87) 0.501(63) 0.567(46) 0.379(92) 0.551(50) 0.141(133) 0.479(68) 0.637(31)
Professional and technical workers 0.654(101) 0.671(108) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0.996(68) 0.859(92) 1(1) 0.927(86) 1(1) 1(1)
Educational attainment 0.991(74) 0.994(65) 0.998(46) 0.976(97) 1(1) 0.999(38) 0.995(61) 1(1) 0.973(100) 0.999(39) 0.998(52)
Literacy rate 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0.994(60) 1(1) () 1(1) 1(1)
Enrolment in primary education 1(1) 1(1) 0.996(82) () 1(1) 0.999(72) 0.993(91) () 1(1) 0.998(73) 0.996(77)
Enrolment in secondary education 1(1) 1(1) 1(103) 0.944(128) 1(1) 1(1) 0.999(104) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0.996(109)
Enrolment in tertiary education 0.926(101) 0.952(103) 1(1) 0.999(100) 1(1) 1(1) 1(1) () 0.78(113) 1(1) 1(1)
Health and survival 0.98(1) 0.979(41) 0.976(71) 0.973(85) 0.978(78) 0.97(110) 0.969(116) 0.971(104) 0.973(87) 0.968(121) 0.969(115)
Sex ratio at birth 0.944(1) 0.944(1) 0.944(1) 0.944(1) 0.944(1) 0.944(1) 0.941(131) 0.944(1) 0.935(137) 0.944(1) 0.943(114)
Healthy life expectancy 1.06(1) 1.059(57) 1.048(79) 1.04(95) 1.043(87) 1.028(119) 1.032(111) 1.032(111) 1.06(1) 1.021(129) 1.027(123)
Political empowerment 0.078(123) 0.081(125) 0.125(98) 0.481(12) 0.458(10) 0.421(11) 0.267(38) 0.365(21) 0.134(92) 0.674(1) 0.512(7)
Women in parliament 0.102(129) 0.112(130) 0.244(88) 0.444(41) 0.655(14) 0.474(36) 0.556(27) 0.37(52) 0.205(102) 0.615(20) 0.856(6)
Women in ministerial positions 0.188(88) 0.188(89) 0.2(85) 0.5(22) 1(1) 0.444(23) 0.385(29) 1(1) 0.1(119) 0.667(10) 1(1)
Years with female head of state (last 50) 0(69) 0(71) 0(71) 0.355(9) 0.018(53) 0.371(7) 0(71) 0.007(61) 0.104(28) 0.718(2) 0(71)

Global Gender Gap Index



調調

461133116117



anond:20180106203320

Estimated earned income 調
OECD2016使
Balancing paid work, unpaid work and leisure
http://www.oecd.org/gender/data/balancingpaidworkunpaidworkandleisure.htm
Country日本アメリカドイツフランスイギリスイタリアカナダ韓国スウェーデン
Estimated earned income0.527 0.648 0.684 0.724 0.555 0.57 0.675 0.457 0.785
paid work time 0.602 0.734 0.707 0.745 0.699 0.602 0.786 0.647 0.835
0.875 0.932 0.967 0.972 0.794 0.947 0.859 0.706 0.940


 /  

FTPT employment based onacommon definition
https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=FTPTC_D
 full / part 
1.724 1.714 3.514 2.563 2.083 2.821 4.900 4.712 2.748 4.738
Permalink | (0) | 00:43 
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2018-09-04

[]増田流行入れ墨ネタの火元がどこかしらないのだけど

タトゥーあり」でも就職OK、世の中は変わった https://www.newsweekjapan.jp/stories/world/2018/09/ok-10.php

その翻訳記事

Tattoos No Longer Impede Getting A Job, Study Finds https://www.newsweek.com/tattoos-no-longer-impede-getting-job-1067035

そのネタ論文

Are tattoos associated with employment and wage discrimination? Analyzing the relationships between body art and labor market outcomes http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0018726718782597

-

ぱっと見アメリカでも受け入れられ始めたばかりなのだろうか

2018-01-06

Global Gender Gap Index 2017


http://reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2017/
1444
G7
Country日本アメリカドイツフランスイギリスイタリアカナダ韓国アイスランドスウェーデン
rank11449121115821611815
Economic participation and opportunity0.58(114)0.776(19)0.72(43)0.683(64)0.705(53)0.571(118)0.744(29)0.533(121)0.798(14)0.809(12)
Labour force participation0.781(79)0.855(57)0.885(41)0.895(33)0.871(49)0.737(89)0.913(26)0.732(91)0.95(11)0.949(12)
Wage equality for similar work (survey)0.672(52)0.734(27)0.678(49)0.474(129)0.671(53)0.489(126)0.682(46)0.51(121)0.807(5)0.738(25)
Estimated earned income (PPP, US$)0.524(100)0.648(56)0.682(35)0.739(18)0.553(95)0.518(103)0.67(41)0.447(121)0.727(21)0.785(13)
Legislators, senior officials and managers0.142(116)0.767(15)0.414(74)0.491(61)0.563(38)0.383(81)0.551(44)0.117(117)0.519(50)0.647(27)
Professional and technical workers0.654(101)1(1)1(1)1(1)0.973(68)0.832(86)1(1)0.928(76)1(1)1(1)
Educational attainment0.991(74)1(1)0.97(98)1(1)0.999(36)0.995(60)1(1)0.96(105)0.995(57)0.999(37)
Literacy rate1(1)1(1)1(1)1(1)1(1)0.994(57)1(1)()1(1)1(1)
Enrolment in primary education1(1)1(1)()1(1)0.999(70)0.992(93)( )0.995(84)0.989(98)1(65)
Enrolment in secondary education1(1)1(1)0.95(121)1(1)1(1)0.996(98)1(1)0.992(101)1(1)0.996(97)
Enrolment in tertiary education0.926(101)1(1)0.958(98)1(1)1(1)1(1)()0.765(112)1(1)1(1)
Health and survival0.98(1)0.973(82)0.975(70)0.977(54)0.971(100)0.967(123)0.97(105)0.973(84)0.969(114)0.969(112)
Sex ratio at birth0.944(1)0.944(1)0.944(1)0.944(1)0.944(1)0.941(127)0.944(1)0.935(132)0.944(1)0.943(110)
Healthy life expectancy1.06(1)1.04(91)1.045(80)1.053(64)1.032(109)1.027(119)1.029(113)1.06(1)1.025(125)1.027(121)
Political empowerment0.078(123)0.124(96)0.447(10)0.453(9)0.404(17)0.234(46)0.361(20)0.134(90)0.75(1)0.486(8)
Women in parliament0.102(129)0.241(85)0.587(22)0.639(15)0.471(38)0.448(41)0.356(56)0.205(97)0.909(4)0.772(6)
Women in ministerial positions0.188(88)0.2(84)0.5(22)1(1)0.444(23)0.385(29)1(1)0.1(115)0.667(10)1(1)
Years with female head of state (last 50)0(69)0(69)0.319(10)0.018(52)0.335(8)0(69)0.007(59)0.104(28)0.685(4)0(69)

   西    
G7 Wage equality for similar work 
2016調
https://memorva.jp/ranking/world/wef_global_gender_gap_report.php
201420201528201645 2016
Graduatesby Degree Type

 Graduatesby Degree Type 調3.3
http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/data/syogaikoku/1396544.htm
人文・芸術法経等 理学工学農学医歯薬保険教育家政 その他
男女比0.839 2.1920.558 0.393 0.158 0.840 1.676 1.522 10.726 1.082
女性255,430 68,196 66,607 5,147 11,732 8,013 35,776 26,506 15,231 18,222
男性304,248 31,100 119,276 13,103 74,2269,532 21,343 17,415 1,42016,833

Tertiary education attainment 
Country日本アメリカドイツフランスイギリスイタリアカナダ韓国アイスランドスウェーデン
Agri., Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary0.840.730.460.621.310.650.740.660.851.08
Arts and Humanities2.191.061.821.771.291.751.252.011.120.92
Business, Admin. and Law0.560.740.691.130.850.80.90.990.630.99
Education1.522.523.192.482.396.022.263.172.382.82
Engineering, Manuf. and Construction0.160.190.190.280.220.360.220.310.340.26
Health and Welfare1.683.082.642.212.311.453.032.53.522.72
Information and Comm. Technologies00.190.120.160.180.130.260.330.130.21
Natural Sci., Mathematics and Statistics0.390.740.650.710.850.940.840.870.70.61
Services10.730.810.610.771.290.5811.212.180.76
Social Sci., Journalism and Information01.251.241.51.231.261.351.160.961.21



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2017-06-23

サービス残業じゃなくて給料搾取と言うべき




Wage Theft
Permalink | (1) | 18:51 
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2013-05-28

Modern Masters

暇だったので現時点でサルベに載ってるカード価格調査をしてみた。

アンコモンとかはしらん。こうやって見ると意外と安いカードの多いことで...

~500(含カスレア)

50 Molten Disaster

50 Verdeloth the Ancient

50 Earwig Squad

120 Skeletal Vampire

149 Rude Awakening

150 Ryusei, the Falling Star(M)

200 Jugan, The Rising Star(M)

300 Angel's Grace

300 Stonehewer Giant

300 Meloku the Clouded Mirror

300 Countryside Crusher

300 Greater Gargadon

350 Dragonstorm

399 Death Cloud

400 Pyromancer's Swath

400 Jhoira of the Ghitu

400 Cold-Eyed Selkie

420 Oona, Queen of the Fae

450 City of Brass

473 Keiga, the Tide Star(M)

473 Squee, Goblin Nabob

498 Scion of Oona

計22枚(M=3) 神話抜きの平均=300,47円

1000

525 Adarkar Valkyrie

700 Divinity of Pride

700 Figure of Destiny

735 Grand Arbiter Augustin IV

750 Reveillark

800 Demigod of Revenge

800 Extirpate

800 Lotus Bloom

800 Yosei, the Morning Star(M)

890 Life from the Loam

10(1) 744,44円

1001~1500

1000 Gifts Ungiven

1000 Knight of the Reliquary

1000 Kataki, War's Wage

1050 Woodfall Primus

1100 Progenitus(M)

1100 Academy Ruins

1155 Sarkhan Vol(M)

1180 Ethersworn Canonist

1180 Blood Moon

1200 Tombstalker

1200 Summoner's Pact

1300 Maelstrom Pulse

1300 Kira, Great Glass-Spinner

1500 Bridge from Below

1500 Tooth and Nail

1500 Blinkmoth Nexus

計16(2) 1215,00円

1501~

1600 Kokusho, the Evening Star(M)

1600 Glimmervoid

1600 Aether Vial

1780 Pact of Negation

1800 Engineered Explosives

1800 Vedalken Shackles(M)

2200 Doubling Season

2400 Elspeth, Knight Errant(M)

2500 Cryptic Command

2700 Arcbound Ravager

2730 Sword of Light and Shadow(M)

2900 Kiki-Jiki, Mirror Breaker(M)

3680 Sword of Fire and Ice(M)

5670 Vendilion Clique(M)

6300 Dark Confidant(M)

12500 Tarmogoyf(M)

計16(9) 2025,71円

2013-02-08

韓国の実質所得および実質賃金データに基づいて正しく語りたい人は



(Consumer Price Index)
http://kosis.kr/eng/database/database_001000.jsp?listid=C&subtitle=Price/Household Income And Expenditure
Price  Consumer Price Survey(2010=100)
(Income)
http://kosis.kr/eng/database/database_001000.jsp?listid=C&subtitle=Price/Household Income And Expenditure
Household Income And Expenditure  Household Income And Expenditure
(Wage)
http://www.moel.go.kr/english/statistics/MOL_Survey_Data.jsp
1. Report onthe Labor Force Survey atEstablishments

Permalink | (1) | 09:12 
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2012-02-08

[][]

W

wage

waive

walk out

wane

watershed

weather

whim

whip up

wince

wind down

wind fall

wipe out

withalacrity

with impunity

wolf down

wrangle

wrap up

wreak

wrench

wriggle out of

write off

X

-

Y

yardstick

Z

zenith

zero in on

zest

2010-02-16

ブランチャードはリフレを支持していない件について


4%
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/Yasuyuki-Iida/20100214#p2
2%2%4%


http://ikedanobuo.livedoor.biz/archives/51377205.html
IMF4
Should policymakers therefore aim for a higher target inflation rate in normal times, in order to increase the room for monetary policy to react to such shocks? To be concrete, are the net costs of inflation much higher at, say, 4 percent than at2 percent, the current target range?
[...]
Perhaps more important is the risk that higher inflation ratesmay induce changes in the structure of the economy (such asthe widespread use of wage indexation) that magnify inflation shocks and reduce the effectiveness of policy action.But the question remains whether these costs are outweighed by the potential benefits in terms of avoiding the zero interest rate bound.



4
(distortions)


3



http://d.hatena.ne.jp/koiti_yano/20100215/p1
4 
()
()


2%4%4

調
(一)What we thought we knew 
(二)What we have learned from the crisis ()
(三) Implications for the design of policy ()
34%31B
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/spn/2010/spn1003.pdf
B. Low Inflation
2(increasing consensus)2

1990Fed2000
Eggertsson and Woodford (2003)

 調464

4


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2009-01-21

毎朝読対訳:就任演説(5)


http://anond.hatelabo.jp/20090121125115

 For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. 

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A
Y

 The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. 

M
A
Y

 We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.

M
A
Y

 We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost.

M
A姿使
Y

 We will harness the sun and the winds and the soiltofuel our cars and run our factories. 

M使
A
Y

 And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. 

M
A
Y

 All this we can do.

M
A
Y

 And all this we will do.

M
A
Y

 Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - 

M
A
Y

  - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans.

M
A
Y

 Their memories are short. 

M
A
Y

 For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

M
A 
Y

 What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them -

M
A
Y

 - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.

M使
A
Y

 The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - 

M
A
Y

 - whether it helps families find jobs ata decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified.

M退
A退
Y退

 Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. 

M
A
Y

 Where the answer is no, programs will end. 

M
A
Y

 And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - 

M
A
Y

 - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

M
A 
Y

 Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill.

M
A
Y

 Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, 

M
A
Y

 , but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous.

M
A
Y

 The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - 

M
A
Y

 - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.

M
A 
Y
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