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生化学

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
生物化学から転送)

: biochemistry: biological chemistry[1]320[2][3][4][5]

[6][7][8][9][10][11]

歴史[編集]

1947年、ゲルティー・コリカール・コリは、RPMIでのコリ回路の発見により、共同でノーベル賞を受賞した。

19[12]181780[13]1784[14][15]1833[16]1897[17][18][19]1842Animal chemistry, or, Organic chemistry in its applications to physiology and pathology[12]18[20][21][22][23]

: biochemistry1877Zeitschrift für Physiologische ChemieBiological Chemistryphysiological chemistry: biochemie使[24][25]1903[26][27][28][29]
DNA (1D65)[30]

[31]1828尿[32][33][34]20XNMR

1950DDNA[35]195811[36]1988DNA使[37]RNARNAi2006[38]

出発物質:生命の化学的要素[編集]

人体を構成する主な元素を、質量比で多いものから少ないものへと示す。

20[39]

99%6618[40]

生体分子[編集]


4[41]

炭水化物[編集]

数千個のグルコースが結合した多糖アミロース



1:2:1CnH2nOnn3(C6H12O6)(C6H12O6)DNA(C5H10O4)[42][ 1][44]

56--1451567 (en:) 

22

3-6使[45]1

OHC4-OHC1C2

脂質[編集]

2[46][47]



13

-OH

使PUFA使

タンパク質[編集]

α-R

αNH2COOHNH3+COO R R20R30585[48]
(1)(2)(3)

1122N[49]

ELISA[17]1011[17]3,0001[50]使調[17]

4-------αβαα14664[51]
 

使20

α-α-α-α-

NH4+NH3尿尿

2使2調

核酸[編集]

デオキシリボ核酸(DNA)の構造。右上はモノマーが結合している様子を示す。

使[2]3[52]
()(())

DNARNA2523

ATPRNADNADNARNA

代謝[編集]

エネルギー源としての炭水化物[編集]

グルコースはほとんどの生命体のエネルギー源である。たとえば、多糖は酵素によってモノマーに分解される(グリコーゲンホスホリラーゼは、多糖であるグリコーゲンからグルコース残基を切断する)。ラクトース(乳糖)やスクロース(ショ糖)などの二糖類は、2つの単糖に切断される。

解糖(嫌気性)[編集]

The image above contains clickable links
The image above contains clickable links
    13ATP  710ATP6-1012ATP

1012ATP22NAD+NADH使: : NAD[53]

[]


CoA1NADH2CoA12ATP6NADH2FADH2NAD+NAD+NADHATPATP28ATP8NADH2424132ATP22[54]使

糖新生[編集]


: 使[55]32ATP6ATP使[56]

[]


使

: biochemistry

: genetics: 11

: molecular biologyRNARNA

: chemical biology

[]


In vitro調21



DNA使︿

20[57][58]

ELISA使[59]MALDI[60]



1990

参考項目[編集]

一覧[編集]

参照項目[編集]

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ 果物に含まれる糖分はフルクトース(果糖)だけではない。グルコース(ブドウ糖)とスクロース(ショ糖)もさまざまな果物に含まれており、時にはフルクトースを上回ることもある。たとえば、デーツ(ナツメヤシの果実)の可食部の32%はグルコースで、フルクトースは24%、スクロースは8%である。しかし、モモにはフルクトース(0.93%)やグルコース(1.47%)よりも多くのスクロース(6.66%)が含まれている。[43]

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Biological/Biochemistry”. acs.org. 2014年2月6日閲覧。
  2. ^ a b Voet (2005), p. 3.
  3. ^ Karp (2009), p. 2.
  4. ^ Miller (2012). p. 62.
  5. ^ Astbury (1961), p. 1124.
  6. ^ Srinivasan, Bharath (March 2022). “A guide to enzyme kinetics in early drug discovery”. The FEBS Journal. doi:10.1111/febs.16404. ISSN 1742-464X. PMID 35175693. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16404. 
  7. ^ Eldra (2007), p. 45.
  8. ^ Marks (2012), Chapter 14.
  9. ^ Finkel (2009), pp. 1–4.
  10. ^ UNICEF (2010), pp. 61, 75.
  11. ^ Cobb, N. J.; Surewicz, W. K. (2009). “Prion Diseases and Their Biochemical Mechanisms - Nathan J. Cobb and Witold K. Surewicz”. Biochemistry 48 (12): 2574–2585. doi:10.1021/bi900108v. PMC 2805067. PMID 19239250. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2805067/. 
  12. ^ a b Helvoort (2000), p. 81.
  13. ^ Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1780). “Om Mjölk och dess syra [About milk and its acid]” (Swedish). Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar (New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science) 1: 116–124. https://books.google.com/books?id=9N84AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA116. 
  14. ^ Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1784). “Anmärkning om Citron-Saft, samt sätt att crystallisera den samma [Note on lemon juice, as well as ways to crystallize the same]” (Swedish). Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar (New Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science) 5: 105–109. 
  15. ^ 生化学辞典第2版、p.713 【生化学】
  16. ^ Hunter (2000), p. 75.
  17. ^ a b c d Srinivasan, Bharath (2020-09-27). “Words of advice: teaching enzyme kinetics”. The FEBS Journal 288 (7): 2068–2083. doi:10.1111/febs.15537. ISSN 1742-464X. PMID 32981225. 
  18. ^ Hamblin (2005), p. 26.
  19. ^ Hunter (2000), pp. 96–98.
  20. ^ Berg (1980), pp. 1–2.
  21. ^ Holmes (1987), p. xv.
  22. ^ Feldman (2001), p. 206.
  23. ^ Rayner-Canham (2005), p. 136.
  24. ^ Ziesak (1999), p. 169.
  25. ^ Kleinkauf (1988), p. 116.
  26. ^ Ben-Menahem (2009), p. 2982.
  27. ^ Amsler (1986), p. 55.
  28. ^ Horton (2013), p. 36.
  29. ^ Kleinkauf (1988), p. 43.
  30. ^ Edwards (1992), pp. 1161–1173.
  31. ^ Fiske (1890), pp. 419–20.
  32. ^ Wöhler, F. (1828). “Ueber künstliche Bildung des Harnstoffs”. Annalen der Physik und Chemie 88 (2): 253–256. Bibcode1828AnP....88..253W. doi:10.1002/andp.18280880206. ISSN 0003-3804. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18280880206. 
  33. ^ Kauffman (2001), pp. 121–133.
  34. ^ Lipman, Timothy O. (August 1964). “Wohler's preparation of urea and the fate of vitalism”. Journal of Chemical Education 41 (8): 452. Bibcode1964JChEd..41..452L. doi:10.1021/ed041p452. ISSN 0021-9584. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed041p452. 
  35. ^ Tropp (2012), pp. 19–20.
  36. ^ Krebs (2012), p. 32.
  37. ^ Butler (2009), p. 5.
  38. ^ Chandan (2007), pp. 193–194.
  39. ^ Cox, Nelson, Lehninger (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. Macmillan 
  40. ^ Nielsen (1999), pp. 283–303.
  41. ^ Slabaugh (2007), pp. 3–6.
  42. ^ Whiting (1970), pp. 1–31.
  43. ^ Whiting, G.C. (1970), p. 5.
  44. ^ Voet (2005), pp. 358–359.
  45. ^ Varki (1999), p. 17.
  46. ^ Stryer (2007), p. 328.
  47. ^ Voet (2005), Ch. 12 Lipids and Membranes.
  48. ^ Metzler (2001), p. 58.
  49. ^ Feige, Matthias J.; Hendershot, Linda M.; Buchner, Johannes (2010). “How antibodies fold”. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 35 (4): 189–198. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2009.11.005. PMC 4716677. PMID 20022755. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4716677/. 
  50. ^ Srinivasan, Bharath (2021-07-16). “A Guide to the Michaelis‐Menten equation: Steady state and beyond” (英語). The FEBS Journal 289 (20): 6086–6098. doi:10.1111/febs.16124. ISSN 1742-464X. PMID 34270860. 
  51. ^ Fromm and Hargrove (2012), pp. 35–51.
  52. ^ Saenger (1984), p. 84.
  53. ^ Fromm and Hargrove (2012), pp. 163–180.
  54. ^ Voet (2005), Ch. 17 Glycolysis.
  55. ^ A Dictionary of Biology. Oxford University Press. (17 September 2015). ISBN 9780198714378. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198714378.001.0001/acref-9780198714378 
  56. ^ Fromm and Hargrove (2012), pp. 183–194.
  57. ^ Meir Wilchek, Talia Miron (1999). “Thirty years of affinity chromatography”. Reactive, Functional Polymers 41 (1): 263-268. doi:10.1016/S1381-5148(99)00042-5. ISSN 1381-5148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-5148(99)00042-5. 
  58. ^ André M. Striegel, Wallace W. Yau, Joseph J. Kirkland, Donald D. Bly (2009). Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography, Second Edition. doi:10.1002/9780470442876. ISBN 9780471201724. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470442876. 
  59. ^ Voller, A., Bidwell, D. E., & Bartlett, A. (1979). The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A guide with abstracts of microplate applications. Dynatech Europe, Borough House, Rue du Pre..
  60. ^ Hillenkamp, Franz; Jaskolla, Thorsten W; Karas, Michael (2014). “The MALDI process and method”. MALDI MS. A Practical Guide to Instrumentation, Methods, and Applications, 2nd Ed.(Ed.: F. Hillenkamp, J. Peter-Katalinic), Wiley Blackwell, Weinheim, Germany (Wiley Online Library). doi:10.1002/9783527335961. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527335961#page=16. 

参考文献[編集]


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