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﹃Science and Math News﹄
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21users
www.quantamagazine.org
On warm summer nights, green lacewings flutter around bright lanterns in backyards and at campsites. The insects, with their veil-like wings, are easily distracted from their natural preoccupation with sipping on flower nectar, avoiding predatory bats and reproducing. Small clutches of the eggs they lay hang from long stalks on the underside of leaves and sway like fairy lights in the wind. The da
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学び
●2023/07/29 19:37
●昆虫
●生物
●研究
●動物
●これはすごい
●あとで読む
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
The Neumayer III polar station sits near the edge of Antarctica’s unforgiving Ekström Ice Shelf. During the winter, when temperatures can plunge below minus 50 degrees Celsius and the winds can climb to more than 100 kilometers per hour, no one can come or go from the station. Its isolation is essential to the meteorological, atmospheric and geophysical science experiments conducted there by the m
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世の中
●2023/03/01 09:46
4users
www.quantamagazine.org
More than a century after Ernest Rutherford discovered the positively charged particle at the heart of every atom, physicists are still struggling to fully understand the proton. High school physics teachers describe them as featureless balls with one unit each of positive electric charge — the perfect foils for the negatively charged electrons that buzz around them. College students learn that th
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世の中
●2022/10/25 13:22
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
Understanding how the brain organizes and accesses spatial information — where we are, what’s around the corner, how to get there — remains an exquisite challenge. The process involves recalling an entire network of memories and stored spatial data from tens of billions of neurons, each connected to thousands of others. Neuroscientists have identified key elements such as grid cells, neurons that
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テクノロジー
●2022/09/18 19:34
●脳
●機械学習
4users
www.quantamagazine.org
In 1963, the mathematician Roy Kerr found a solution to Einstein’s equations that precisely described the space-time outside what we now call a rotating black hole. (The term wouldn’t be coined for a few more years.) In the nearly six decades since his achievement, researchers have tried to show that these so-called Kerr black holes are stable. What that means, explained Jérémie Szeftel, a mathema
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学び
●2022/08/05 02:15
●宇宙
18users
www.quantamagazine.org
June Huh often finds himself lost. Every afternoon, he takes a long walk around Princeton University, where he’s a professor in the mathematics department. On this particular day in mid-May, he’s making his way through the woods around the nearby Institute for Advanced Study — “Just so you know,” he says as he considers a fork in the path ahead, “I don’t know where we are” — pausing every so often
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学び
●2022/07/05 19:48
●人生
●あとで読む
15users
www.quantamagazine.org
Leslie Lamport may not be a household name, but he’s behind a few of them for computer scientists: the typesetting program LaTeX and the work that made cloud infrastructure at Google and Amazon possible. He’s also brought more attention to a handful of problems, giving them distinctive names like the bakery algorithm and the Byzantine Generals Problem. This is no accident. The 81-year-old computer
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テクノロジー
●2022/05/19 16:37
●アルゴリズム
●数学
●あとで読む
5users
www.quantamagazine.org
When the mathematicians Jeff Kahn and Gil Kalai first posed their “expectation threshold” conjecture in 2006, they didn’t believe it themselves. Their claim — a broad assertion about mathematical objects called random graphs — seemed too strong, too all-encompassing, too bold to possibly be true. It felt more like wishful thinking than a reflection of mathematical truth. Even so, no one could prov
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学び
●2022/04/26 10:56
●Math
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
In a nearly 400-page paper posted in March, the mathematicians Mohammed Abouzaid and Andrew Blumberg of Columbia University have constructed a major extension of one of the biggest advances in geometry in recent decades. The work they built on relates to a well-known conjecture from the 1960s made by Vladimir Arnold. Arnold was studying classical mechanics and wanted to know when the orbits of pla
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世の中
●2021/12/10 12:31
14users
www.quantamagazine.org
In a burst of work, mathematicians have moved closer to understanding just how many ways there are of contorting a simple sphere so that, in the end, it still resembles itself. Much of the progress comes from results by Tadayuki Watanabe at Kyoto University. Over the last several years, he has figured out how to adapt a powerful technique for the broader purpose of studying spheres of any number o
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学び
●2021/10/30 10:56
●Math
●あとで読む
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
The infamous twin paradox sends the astronaut Alice on a blazing-fast space voyage. When she returns to reunite with her twin, Bob, she finds that he has aged much faster than she has. It’s a well-known but perplexing result: Time slows if you’re moving fast. Gravity does the same thing. Earth — or any massive body — warps space-time in a way that slows time, according to Albert Einstein’s general
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暮らし
●2021/10/26 09:36
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
In a preprint posted online Thursday night, researchers at Google in collaboration with physicists at Stanford, Princeton and other universities say that they have used Google’s quantum computer to demonstrate a genuine “time crystal.” In addition, a separate research group claimed earlier this month to have created a time crystal in a diamond. A novel phase of matter that physicists have strived
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世の中
●2021/07/31 15:03
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
In October 2018, David Asperó was on holiday in Italy, gazing out a car window as his girlfriend drove them to their bed-and-breakfast, when it came to him: the missing step of what’s now a landmark new proof about the sizes of infinity. “It was this flash experience,” he said. Asperó, a mathematician at the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom, contacted the collaborator with whom he’d
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学び
●2021/07/16 10:15
5users
www.quantamagazine.org
Grade school math students are likely familiar with teachers admonishing them not to just guess the answer to a problem. But a new proof establishes that, in fact, the right kind of guessing is sometimes the best way to solve systems of linear equations, one of the bedrock calculations in math. As a result, the proof establishes the first method capable of surpassing what had previously been a har
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テクノロジー
●2021/03/09 12:37
●あとで読む
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
In mid-March, the mathematicians Joshua Greene and Andrew Lobb found themselves in the same situation: locked down and struggling to adjust while the COVID-19 pandemic grew outside their doors. They decided to cope by throwing themselves into their research. “I think the pandemic was really kind of galvanizing,” said Greene, a professor at Boston College. “We each decided it would be best to lean
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世の中
●2020/07/12 16:51
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
“Physicists like to probe the extreme,” said Garrett Goon, a physicist at Carnegie Mellon University. “The fact that you can’t go further, that something is changing, something is blocking you — something interesting is happening there.” For decades, black holes have played the headlining role in the thought experiments that physicists use to probe nature’s extremes. These invisible spheres form w
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学び
●2020/05/30 18:18
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
In the summer of 2018, at a conference on low-dimensional topology and geometry, Lisa Piccirillo heard about a nice little math problem. It seemed like a good testing ground for some techniques she had been developing as a graduate student at the University of Texas, Austin. “I didn’t allow myself to work on it during the day,” she said, “because I didn’t consider it to be real math. I thought it
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学び
●2020/05/21 09:25
●math
23users
www.quantamagazine.org
Donald Knuth is a computer scientist who came of age with his field. During the nascent years of computer programming in the middle of the last century, a candy company ran a contest that summoned his talents as a 13-year-old. The contest asked kids to determine how many words could be made from the letters of the candy’s name: Ziegler’s Giant Bar. It was a well-defined problem with distinct piece
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学び
●2020/04/17 02:00
●art
●book
●あとで読む
●web
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
When Andrew Wiles proved Fermat’s Last Theorem in the early 1990s, his proof was hailed as a monumental step forward not just for mathematicians but for all of humanity. The theorem is simplicity itself — it posits that xn + yn = zn has no positive whole-number solutions when n is greater than 2. Yet this simple claim tantalized legions of would-be provers for more than 350 years, ever since the F
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学び
●2020/04/13 04:07
●あとで読む
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
The universe has cooked up all sorts of bizarre and beautiful forms of matter, from blazing stars to purring cats, out of just three basic ingredients. Electrons and two types of quarks, dubbed “up” and “down,” mix in various ways to produce every atom in existence. But puzzlingly, this family of matter particles — the up quark, down quark and electron — is not the only one. Physicists have discov
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学び
●2020/03/31 08:14
●あとで読む
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
In 1935, Albert Einstein, working with Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, grappled with a possibility revealed by the new laws of quantum physics: that two particles could be entangled, or correlated, even across vast distances. The very next year, Alan Turing formulated the first general theory of computing and proved that there exists a problem that computers will never be able to solve. These two
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テクノロジー
●2020/03/05 19:41
4users
www.quantamagazine.org
Quanta Magazine moderates comments to facilitate an informed, substantive, civil conversation. Abusive, profane, self-promotional, misleading, incoherent or off-topic comments will be rejected. Moderators are staffed during regular business hours (New York time) and can only accept comments written in English.
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暮らし
●2020/02/15 06:38
3users
www.quantamagazine.org
Experienced mathematicians warn up-and-comers to stay away from the Collatz conjecture. It’s a siren song, they say: Fall under its trance and you may never do meaningful work again. The Collatz conjecture is quite possibly the simplest unsolved problem in mathematics — which is exactly what makes it so treacherously alluring. “This is a really dangerous problem. People become obsessed with it and
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世の中
●2019/12/13 22:10
●あとで読む
9users
www.quantamagazine.org
In the lowlands of Bolivia, the most isolated of the Tsimané people live in communities without electricity; they don’t own televisions, computers or phones, and even battery-powered radios are rare. Their minimal exposure to Western culture happens mostly during occasional trips to nearby towns. To the researchers who make their way into Tsimané villages by truck and canoe each summer, that isola
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エンタメ
●2019/11/19 08:11
●culture
●music
5users
www.quantamagazine.org
The equal sign is the bedrock of mathematics. It seems to make an entirely fundamental and uncontroversial statement: These things are exactly the same. But there is a growing community of mathematicians who regard the equal sign as math’s original error. They see it as a veneer that hides important complexities in the way quantities are related — complexities that could unlock solutions to an eno
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学び
●2019/10/14 08:55
5users
www.quantamagazine.org
A paper posted online this month has settled a nearly 30-year-old conjecture about the structure of the fundamental building blocks of computer circuits. This “sensitivity” conjecture has stumped many of the most prominent computer scientists over the years, yet the new proof is so simple that one researcher summed it up in a single tweet. “This conjecture has stood as one of the most frustrating
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テクノロジー
●2019/07/26 15:52
●数学
7users
www.quantamagazine.org
Four thousand years ago, the Babylonians invented multiplication. Last month, mathematicians perfected it. On March 18, two researchers described the fastest method ever discovered for multiplying two very large numbers. The paper marks the culmination of a long-running search to find the most efficient procedure for performing one of the most basic operations in math. “Everybody thinks basically
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テクノロジー
●2019/04/13 03:10
7users
www.quantamagazine.org
Mathematicians long wondered whether it’s possible to express the number 33 as the sum of three cubes — that is, whether the equation 33 = x³+ y³+ z³ has a solution. They knew that 29 could be written as 3³ + 1³ + 1³, for instance, whereas 32 is not expressible as the sum of three integers each raised to the third power. But the case of 33 went unsolved for 64 years. Now, Andrew Booker, a mathemat
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テクノロジー
●2019/03/31 14:05
4users
www.quantamagazine.org
Quantum computers are still a dream, but the era of quantum communication is here. A new experiment out of Paris has demonstrated, for the first time, that quantum communication is superior to classical ways of transmitting information. “We are the first to show a quantum advantage for transmitted information that two parties have to share to perform a useful task,” said Eleni Diamanti, an electri
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テクノロジー
●2018/12/24 17:43
●コンピュータ
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