List of Cyrillic multigraphs

The following multigraphs are used in the Cyrillic script. The palatalized consonants of Russian and other languages written as C-⟨ь⟩ are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in the languages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants and long vowels; sequences with ⟨в⟩, ⟨у⟩, ⟨ә⟩ for labialized consonants; and sequences with ⟨ӏ⟩or⟨ъ⟩ for ejective consonantsorpharyngealized consonants and vowels. Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs. See Cyrillic digraphs for examples.

⟨а а⟩:

Archi: [aː]

⟨а аӏ⟩:

Archi: [aːˤ]

⟨а н⟩:

Dungan: [æ̃]

⟨а ь⟩:

⟨аӏ⟩:

Archi: [aˤ]

⟨в ь⟩:

Shughni: [w]

⟨г в⟩:

⟨г г⟩:

Tabasaran: [ɣ]

⟨г у⟩:

Adyghe: [ɡʷ]
Kabardian: [ɡʷ]
Ossetian: [ɡʷ]
Also found in several other languages where ⟨у⟩ is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

⟨г ў⟩:

Aleut language (Bering dialect): [w]

⟨г ъ⟩:

Abaza: [ʁ]
Adyghe: [ʁ]
Aghul: [ʁ]
Archi: [ʁ]
Avar: [ʁ]
Bezhta: [ʁ]
Crimean Tatar: [ɣ]
Dargwa: [ɣ]
Kabardian: [ʁ]
Karachay-Balkar: [ʁ]
Kumyk: [ʁ]
Lezgian: [ʁ]
Ossetian: [ʁ]
Tabasaran: [ʕ]
Tatar: word-final [ʁ]

⟨г ъ в⟩:

⟨г ъ у⟩:

⟨г ъ ь⟩:

Abaza: [ʁʲ]

⟨г ъӏ⟩:

Archi: [ʁˤ]

⟨г ъӏв⟩:

Archi: [ʁˤʷ]

⟨г ь⟩:

Abaza: [ɡʲ]
Abkhaz: [ɡʲ]
Aghul: [h]
Archi: [h]
Avar: [ɦ]
Bezhta: [h]
Dargwa: [h]
Kumyk: [h]
Lezgian: [h]
Shughni: [ɣ]
Tabasaran: [h]

⟨г ә⟩:

Abkhaz: [ɡʷ]

⟨гӏ⟩:

Abaza: [ʕ]
Aghul: [ʕ]
Archi: [ʕ]
Avar: [ʕ]
Chechen: [ɣ]
Dargwa: [ʡ]
Ingush: [ʁ]

⟨гӏв⟩:

Abaza: [ʕʷ]

⟨ӷ ь⟩:

Abkhaz: [ʁʲ]

⟨ӷ ә⟩:

Abkhaz: [ʁʷ]

⟨д ж⟩

Abaza: [d͡ʒ]
Adyghe: [d͡ʒ]
Aghul: [d͡z]
Belarusian: [d͡ʐ]
Bulgarian: [d͡ʒ]
Crimean Tatar: [d͡ʒ]
Dargwa: [d͡ʒ]
Kabardian: [d͡ʒ]
Karachay-Balkar: [d͡ʒ] (Karachay); [d͡z] (Balkar)
Komi: [d͡ʒ]
Lezgian: [d͡ʒ]
Ossetian: [d͡ʒ]
Russian: [d͡ʐ]
Tabasaran: [d͡ʒ]
Ukrainian: [d͡ʒ]

⟨д ж в⟩

Abaza: [d͡ʒʷ]

⟨д ж ь⟩

Abaza: [d͡ʑ]

⟨д з⟩

⟨д з у⟩:

Adyghe: [d͡zʷ]

⟨д ч⟩:

Russian: [t͡ɕ] (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨д ь⟩:

Yakut: [d͡ʑ]

⟨д ә⟩:

Abkhaz: [dʷ]

⟨е е⟩

Archi: [eː]

⟨е еӏ⟩

Archi: [eːˤ]

⟨еӏ⟩

Archi: [eˤ]

⟨ё н⟩:

Dungan: [jɔ̃]

⟨ё ь⟩:

Chechen: [jø]

⟨ж в⟩

⟨ж д⟩:

Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced [ʐd] (palatalized to [ʐdʲ] before ⟨ь⟩ and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound [ʑː] (devoiced to [ɕː] in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation [ʐː] in these words (unlike words with ⟨жж⟩or⟨зж⟩) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

⟨ж ж⟩:

Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced [ʐː]. However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound [ʑː] (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).^[1]

⟨ж ч⟩:

Russian: [ɕː] (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨ж ъ⟩:

Adyghe: [ʐ]

⟨ж ъ у⟩:

Adyghe: [ʒʷ]

⟨ж ь⟩:

⟨ж ә⟩:

Abkhaz: [ʒʷ]

⟨з в⟩ :

Archi: [zʷ]
Lezgian: [zʷ]

⟨з ж⟩

Russian: [ʐː] (regular) or [ʑː] (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨з ч⟩:

Russian: [ɕː] (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨ӡ ә⟩:

Abkhaz: [d͡ʑʷ]

⟨и и⟩ :

Archi: [iː]

⟨и иӏ⟩ :

Archi: [iːˤ]

⟨и й⟩:

Chechen: [iː]
Mongolian: [iː]

⟨иӏ⟩ :

Archi: [iˤ]

⟨й х⟩:

Moksha: [ç]

⟨к в⟩:

⟨к к⟩:

⟨к к в⟩:

Archi: [kːʷ]

⟨к к х⟩:

Chechen: [qː]

⟨к к ъ⟩:

Archi: [qːʼ]

⟨к к ъӏ⟩:

Archi: [qːˤʼ]

⟨к к ъӏв⟩:

Archi: [qːˤʷʼ]

⟨к у⟩:

Adyghe: [kʷ]
Kabardian: [kʷ]
Ossetian: [kʷ]or[kʷʰ]
Also found in several other languages where ⟨у⟩ is used for labialization (though this is a predictable effect of assimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).