Sima Yi (179–251) was a general, politician and regent of the state of Cao Wei (220–266) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Two of his sons, Sima Shi (208–255) and Sima Zhao (211–265), rose to power in the 250s and consecutively served as regents throughout the reigns of the last three Wei emperors. After Sima Zhao died in September 265, his son Sima Yan (236–290) forced the last Wei ruler, Cao Huan (246–303), to abdicate the throne in his favour in February 266, ending the Wei regime and establishing the Jin dynasty (266–420). This article contains the family trees of Sima Yi, his brothers, and their descendants up to Sima Yan's generation. For more details on the family trees of the Jin emperors (Sima Yan's generation and beyond), see Chinese emperors family tree (early)#Jin Dynasty and Chu.
Sima Fang and earlier
edit| Gaoyang 高陽 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chongli 重黎 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cheng Boxiufu 程伯休父 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Ang 司馬卬 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Jun 司馬鈞 Shuping 叔平 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Liang 司馬量 Gongdu 公度 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Jun 司馬儁 Yuanyi 元異 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Fang 司馬防 Jiangong 建公 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Lang 司馬朗 Boda 伯達 | Sima Yi 司馬懿 Zhongda 仲達 | Sima Fu 司馬孚 Shuda 叔達 | Sima Kui 司馬馗 Jida 季達 | Sima Xun 司馬恂 Xianda 顯達 | Sima Jin 司馬進 Huida 惠達 | Sima Tong 司馬通 Yada 雅達 | Sima Min 司馬敏 Youda 幼達 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Fang had eight sons (ranked in decreasing order of seniority) – Sima Lang, Sima Yi, Sima Fu, Sima Kui, Sima Xun, Sima Jin, Sima Tong and Sima Min – who were collectively known as the "Eight Das" because their courtesy names all contained the Chinese character da (達).[1] Sima Fang's father was Sima Jun (司馬儁).[2] Sima Jun's father was Sima Liang. Sima Liang's father was Sima Jun (司馬鈞). Sima Jun (司馬鈞) was an eighth-generation descendant of Sima Ang. Sima Ang descended from Cheng Boxiufu. Cheng Boxiufu was a descendant of Chongli, a son of Gaoyang.[3]
Sima Lang
edit| Sima Lang 司馬朗 Boda 伯達 | |||||||||||||
| Sima Yi 司馬遺 | Sima Wang1 司馬望 Zichu 子初 | ||||||||||||
| Sima Hong 司馬洪 Kongye 孔業 | |||||||||||||
Sima Lang's son was Sima Yi. Sima Lang's younger brother, Sima Fu, allowed his son Sima Wang to be Sima Lang's successor. Sima Wang was succeeded by his son Sima Hong.[4][5]
1Sima Wang was actually Sima Fu's son. He succeeded his uncle Sima Lang.
Sima Yi
edit| Xun Yu 荀彧 Wenruo 文若 | Zhang Chunhua 張春華 | Lady Zhang 張氏 | Sima Yi 司馬懿 Zhongda 仲達 | Lady Bai 柏氏 | Lady Fu 伏氏 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Xun Yun 荀惲 Changqian 長倩 | Sima Rong 司馬肜 Zihui 子徽 | Princess Gaolingxuan 高陵宣公主 | Du Yu 杜預 Yuankai 元凱 | Sima Lun 司馬倫 Ziyi 子彝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Xun Yi 荀霬 | Princess Nanyang1 南陽公主 | Sima Shi 司馬師 Ziyuan 子元 | Sima Gan 司馬幹 Ziliang 子良 | Sima Zhao 司馬昭 Zishang 子上 | Sima Liang 司馬亮 Ziyi 子翼 | Sima Zhou 司馬伷 Zijiang 子將 | Sima Jing 司馬京 Zizuo 子佐 | Sima Jun 司馬駿 Zizang 子臧 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Yi had four wives: Zhang Chunhua, Lady Fu, Lady Zhang and Lady Bai.
He had three sons and a daughter with Zhang Chunhua: Sima Shi, Sima Zhao,[6] Sima Gan and Princess Nanyang (personal name unknown).[6][7] Princess Nanyang married Xun Yun's son Xun Yi. Xun Yun was Xun Yu's son.[8]
He had four sons with Lady Fu: Sima Liang, Sima Zhou, Sima Jing[9] and Sima Jun. Sima Jing died early (presumably without a male heir) and was succeeded by Sima Zhao's son Sima Ji.[10]
He had a son with Lady Zhang: Sima Rong. Sima Rong had no son and was succeeded by Sima Xi (司馬禧), a son of Sima Zhou's son Sima Dan.[11]
He had a son with Lady Bai: Sima Lun.[12]
Sima Yi also had another daughter – Princess Gaolingxuan (personal name unknown) – who was married to Du Yu.[13] The identity of Princess Gaolingxuan's mother is not known.
1The Sanguozhi mentioned that Xun Yi married a younger sister of Sima Shi and Sima Zhao, but did not specifically mention that she was Princess Nanyang. It is assumed that this "younger sister" of Sima Shi and Sima Zhao was Princess Nanyang because she was their only biological sister, according to the Jin Shu.
Sima Shi
edit| Yang Xu 羊續 Xingzu 興祖 | Cai Yong 蔡邕 Bojie 伯喈 | Cao Shao 曹邵 / Qin Bonan 秦伯南 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yang Chen 羊茞 | Lady Cai 蔡氏 | Cai Yan 蔡琰 Wenji 文姬 | Cao Zhen 曹真 Zidan 子丹 | Lady of Deyang District 德陽鄉主 | Xiahou Shang 夏侯尚 Boren 伯仁 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yang Hu 羊祜 Shuzi 叔子 | Yang Cheng 羊承 | Yang Huiyu 羊徽瑜 | Sima Shi 司馬師 Ziyuan 子元 | Xiahou Hui 夏侯徽 Yuanrong 媛容 | Xiahou Xuan 夏侯玄 Taichu 太初 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wu Zhi 吳質 Jizhong 季重 | Daughter (name unknown) | Daughter (name unknown) | Daughter (name unknown) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Wu 吳氏 | Daughter (name unknown) | Daughter (name unknown) | Zhen De 甄德 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Shi had three wives: Xiahou Hui, Lady Wu (personal name unknown) and Yang Huiyu.
Lady Wu was Wu Zhi's daughter.[14]
Yang Huiyu was the daughter of Yang Chen and Lady Cai. She had two brothers: Yang Cheng (elder) and Yang Hu (younger). Yang Chen's father was Yang Xu. Lady Cai had a sister, Cai Wenji, and their father was Cai Yong. Yang Huiyu did not have any sons with Sima Shi.[15][16] It is not known if they had any daughters.
Xiahou Hui was the daughter of Xiahou Shang and the Lady of Deyang District (personal name unknown). Her brother was Xiahou Xuan. The Lady of Deyang District was Cao Zhen's younger sister. Xiahou Hui bore Sima Shi five daughters but no sons.[17] One of the five daughters was married to Zhen De but she died early.[18][19] The names of the five daughters are not known.
Sima Zhao
edit| Wang Lang 王朗 Jingxing 景興 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wang Su 王肅 Ziyong 子雍 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Zhao 司馬昭 Zishang 子上 | Wang Yuanji 王元姬 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Yan 司馬炎 Anshi 安世 | Sima You 司馬攸 Dayou 大猷 | Sima Zhao 司馬兆 Qianqiu 千秋 | Sima Dingguo 司馬定國 | Sima Guangde 司馬廣德 | Princess Jingzhao 京兆公主 | Zhen De 甄德 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Jian 司馬鑒 Daming 大明 | Sima Ji 司馬機 Taixuan 太玄 | Sima Yongzuo 司馬永祚 | Sima Yanzuo 司馬延祚 Dasi 大思 | Princess Changshan 常山公主 | Wang Ji 王濟 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Zhao had nine sons and two daughters. Five of his sons – Sima Yan, Sima You, Sima Zhao, Sima Dingguo and Sima Guangde – were born to his wife Wang Yuanji, but only the two eldest survived childhood. They also had a daughter – Princess Jingzhao, whose personal name is unknown. Princess Jingzhao married Zhen De after Zhen's first wife (Sima Shi's daughter) died early.[19] Wang Yuanji's father was Wang Su. Wang Su's father was Wang Lang.[20] Sima Zhao's four other sons – Sima Jian, Sima Ji, Sima Yongzuo and Sima Yanzuo – were not born to Wang Yuanji. Sima Yongzuo and Sima Yanzuo both died young. The identities of their mothers are unknown.[21][22][23] Sima Zhao's other daughter, Princess Changshan, married Wang Ji (王濟), a grandson of Wang Chang. The identity of her mother is also unknown.[24]
Sima Gan
edit| Sima Gan 司馬幹 Ziliang 子良 | |||||||||||||
| Sima Guang 司馬廣 | Sima Yong 司馬永 | ||||||||||||
Sima Gan had two sons: Sima Guang and Sima Yong.[25]
Sima Liang
edit| Sima Liang 司馬亮 Ziyi 子翼 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Sui 司馬粹 Maohong 茂弘 | Sima Ju 司馬矩 Yanming 延明 | Sima Yang 司馬羕 Yannian 延年 | Sima Zong 司馬宗 Yanzuo 延祚 | Sima Xi 司馬熙 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Liang had five sons: Sima Sui, Sima Ju, Sima Yang, Sima Zong and Sima Xi.[26]
Sima Zhou
edit| Xiahou Yuan 夏侯淵 Miaocai 妙才 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Xiahou Wei 夏侯威 Jiquan 季權 | Zhuge Dan 諸葛誕 Gongxiu 公休 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Xiahou Zhuang 夏侯莊 Zhongrong 仲容 | Sima Zhou 司馬伷 Zijiang 子將 | Lady Zhuge 諸葛氏 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Xiahou Guangji 夏侯光姬 Tonghuan 銅環 | Sima Jin 司馬覲 Sizu 思祖 | Sima Yao 司馬繇 Sixuan 思玄 | Sima Cui 司馬漼 Sichong 思沖 | Sima Dan 司馬澹 Sihong 思弘 | Lady Guo 郭氏 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Zhou married Lady Zhuge, Zhuge Dan's daughter. They had four sons: Sima Jin, Sima Dan, Sima Yao and Sima Cui. Sima Dan's wife, Lady Guo, was a sister-in-law of Empress Jia Nanfeng.[27] Sima Jin's wife was Xiahou Guangji. Xiahou Guangji was the daughter of Xiahou Zhuang, the son of Xiahou Wei and a grandson of Xiahou Yuan.[28][29]
Sima Jun
edit| Sima Jun 司馬駿 Zizang 子臧 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Chang 司馬暢 Xuanshu 玄舒 | Sima Xin 司馬歆 Hongshu 弘舒 | (eight other sons, names unknown) | |||||||||||||||||||
Sima Jun had ten sons, among whom the most notable ones are Sima Chang and Sima Xin.[30] The names of the other eight sons are not recorded in history.
Sima Lun
edit| Sima Lun 司馬倫 Ziyi 子彝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Kua 司馬荂 | Sima Fu 司馬馥 | Sima Qian 司馬虔 | Sima Xu 司馬詡 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Lun had four sons: Sima Kua, Sima Fu, Sima Qian and Sima Xu.[31]
Sima Fu
edit| Sima Fu 司馬孚 Shuda 叔達 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Yong 司馬邕 Zikui 子魁 | Sima Wang 司馬望 Taichu 子初 | Sima Huang 司馬晃 Ziming 子明 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Gui 司馬瓌 Ziquan 子泉 | Sima Gui 司馬珪 Zizhang 子璋 | Sima Heng 司馬衡 Ziping 子平 | Sima Fu 司馬輔 | Sima Jing 司馬景 Ziwen 子文 | Sima Yi 司馬翼 Zishi 子世 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Yong 司馬顒 Wenzai 文載 | Sima Ji1 司馬緝 | Sima Dun2 司馬敦 | Sima Hong 司馬弘 | Sima Tao 司馬韜 | Sima Cheng3 司馬承 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Fu had nine sons: Sima Yong (Zikui), Sima Wang, Sima Fu (Prince Cheng of Taiyuan), Sima Yi, Sima Huang, Sima Gui (Ziquan), Sima Gui (Zizhang), Sima Heng and Sima Jing.[32]
Sima Gui (Ziquan)'s son was Sima Yong.[33][34]
Sima Gui (Zizhang) had no son. He was succeeded by his nephew Sima Ji, a son of Sima Fu (Prince Cheng of Taiyuan).[35]
Sima Heng had no son. He was succeeded by his nephew Sima Dun, the fourth son of Sima Yong (Zikui).[36]
Sima Jing's son was Sima Tao.[37]
Sima Fu (Prince Cheng of Taiyuan)'s son was Sima Hong.[38]
Sima Yi (Zishi) was succeeded by his nephew Sima Cheng, a son of Sima Yong (Zikui).[39]
- 1Sima Ji was actually Sima Fu (Prince Cheng of Taiyuan)'s son. He succeeded his uncle Sima Gui (Zizhang).
- 2Sima Dun was actually Sima Yong (Zikui)'s son. He succeeded his uncle Sima Heng.
- 3Sima Cheng was actually Sima Yong (Zikui)'s son. He succeeded his uncle Sima Yi (Zishi).
Sima Yong
edit| Sima Yong 司馬邕 Zikui 子魁 | |||||||||||||
| Sima Chong 司馬崇 | Sima Long 司馬隆 | ||||||||||||
Sima Yong (Zikui)'s son was Sima Chong. Sima Chong had a younger brother, Sima Long.[40]
Sima Wang
edit| Sima Wang 司馬望 Zichu 子初 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Yi 司馬弈 | Sima Hong 司馬洪 Kongye 孔業 | Sima Zheng 司馬整 | Sima Mao 司馬楙 Kongwei 孔偉 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Wang succeeded his uncle Sima Lang. He had four sons: Sima Yi, Sima Hong, Sima Zheng and Sima Mao.[41]
Sima Huang
edit| Sima Huang 司馬晃 Ziming 子明 | |||||||||||||
| Sima Pou 司馬裒 | Sima Chuo 司馬綽 | ||||||||||||
Sima Huang had two sons: Sima Pou and Sima Chuo.[42]
Sima Kui
edit| Sima Kui 司馬馗 Jida 季達 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Tai 司馬泰 Zishu 子舒 | Sima Quan 司馬權 Ziyu 子輿 | Sima Sui 司馬綏 Zidu 子都 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Yue 司馬越 Yuanchao 元超 | Sima Teng 司馬騰 Yuanmai 元邁 | Sima Lue 司馬略 Yuanjian 元簡 | Sima Mo 司馬模 Yuanbiao 元表 | Sima Zhi 司馬植 | Sima Xiao 司馬虓 Wuhui 武會 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Kui had three sons: Sima Quan, Sima Tai and Sima Sui. Sima Quan's son was Sima Zhi.[43] Sima Tai had four sons: Sima Yue, Sima Teng, Sima Lue and Sima Mo.[44][45] Sima Sui's son was Sima Xiao.[46]
Sima Xun
edit| Sima Xun 司馬恂 Xianda 顯達 | |||||||||||||
| Sima Sui 司馬遂 Zibo 子伯 | |||||||||||||
| Sima Dan 司馬耽 | Sima Ji 司馬緝 | ||||||||||||
Sima Xun's son was Sima Sui. Sima Sui had two sons: Sima Dan and Sima Ji.[47]
Sima Jin
edit| Sima Jin 司馬進 Huida 惠達 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Xun 司馬遜 Ziti 子悌 | Sima Mu 司馬睦 Ziyou 子友 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Sui 司馬隨 | Sima Cheng 司馬承 Jingcai 敬才 | Sima Wei 司馬蔚 | |||||||||||||||||||
Sima Jin had two sons: Sima Xun and Sima Mu. Sima Xun had two sons: Sima Sui and Sima Cheng.[48] Sima Mu's son was Sima Wei.[49]
Sima Tong
edit| Sima Tong 司馬通 Yada 雅達 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Ling 司馬陵 Zishan 子山 | Sima Bin 司馬斌 Zizheng 子政 | Sima Shun 司馬順 Zisi 子思 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sima Ji 司馬濟 | Sima Yin 司馬隱 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sima Tong had three sons: Sima Ling, Sima Shun and Sima Bin. Sima Ling's son was Sima Ji. Sima Bin's son was Sima Yin.[50]
See also
editReferences
edit- Chen, Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fang, Xuanling. Book of Jin (Jin Shu).
- Li, Fang. Taiping Yulan.
- Pei, Songzhi. Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Wei, Shou. Book of Wei (Wei Shu).
- Yao, Silian. Book of Chen (Chen Shu).