This article contains the family trees of members of the Liu clan, who ruled the state of Shu Han (221-263) in the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in China. They were related to the House of Liu, the imperial clan of the Han dynasty.
Liu Bei's ancestors
editLiu Bei's biography in the Sanguozhi stated that Liu Bei was a descendant of Liu Sheng (Prince of Zhongshan), who was a son of Emperor Jing. Liu Sheng's son was Liu Zhen.[1]
However, the Dianlue claimed that Liu Bei descended from the Marquis of Linyi.[2] Based on historical records in the Han Shu and the Houhanshu, there were two Marquis of Linyi lineages which could be traced to Emperor Jing's sons, hence there were another two lines from which Liu Bei could have possibly descended.[3][4][5][6][7]
The central line in the family tree below shows the Liu Sheng lineage, while the other two show the Marquis of Linyi lineages.
| Liu Qi 劉啟 (Emperor Jing 景帝) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Fa 劉發 (Prince Ding of Changsha 長沙定王) | Liu Sheng 劉勝 (Prince Jing of Zhongshan 中山靖王) | Liu Shun 劉舜 (Prince Xian of Changshan 常山憲王) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Mai 劉買 (Marquis Jie of Chongling 舂陵節侯) | Liu Zhen 劉貞 (Marquis of Lucheng Ting 陆城亭侯 ) | Liu Ping 劉平 (Prince Qing of Zhending 真定頃王) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Wai 劉外 | Liu Yan 劉偃 (Prince Lie of Zhending 真定烈王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Hui 劉回 | Liu You 劉由 (Prince Xiao of Zhending 真定孝王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Qin 劉欽 | Liu Yong 劉雍 (Prince An of Zhending 真定安王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yan 劉縯 (Prince Wu of Qi 齊武王) | Liu Pu 劉普 (Prince Gong of Zhending 真定共王) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Xing 劉興 (Prince Jing of Beihai 北海靖王) | Liu Rang 劉讓 (Marquis of Linyi 臨邑侯) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Fu 劉復 (Marquis of Linyi 臨邑侯) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Taotu 劉騊駼 (Marquis of Linyi 臨邑侯) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Liu Bei
edit| Liu Xiong 劉雄 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Hong 劉弘 | Liu Zijing 劉子敬 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wu Yi 吳懿 Ziyuan 子遠 | Empress Mu 穆皇后 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Mi 麋氏 | Mi Zhu 麋竺 Zizhong 子仲 | Mi Fang 麋芳 Zifang 子方 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Gan 甘氏 | Liu Bei 劉備 Xuande 玄德 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Sun 孫氏 | Sun Quan 孫權 Zhongmou 仲謀 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Shan 劉禪 Gongsi 公嗣 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yong 劉永 Gongshou 公壽 | Daughter (name unknown) | Daughter (name unknown) | Liu Feng1 劉封 | Liu Li 劉理 Fengxiao 奉孝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yong's son (name unknown) | Liu Yin 劉胤 | Liu Ji 劉輯 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Xuan 劉玄 | Liu Cheng 劉承 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liu Bei's father was Liu Hong. Liu Hong's father was Liu Xiong.[8] Liu Bei's uncle was Liu Zijing.[9]
Liu Bei had four wives: Lady Gan, Lady Mi, Lady Sun and Empress Mu. Lady Mi was the younger sister of Mi Zhu and Mi Fang;[10] Lady Sun was Sun Quan's younger sister (see Eastern Wu family trees for details);[11] Empress Mu, née Wu, was Wu Yi's younger sister.[12]
Lady Gan bore Liu Shan.[13][14] Liu Yong and Liu Li were also Liu Bei's sons and were Liu Shan's younger half-brothers. Liu Yong and Liu Li were born to different mothers.[15][16] Liu Bei had two daughters, who were captured by Cao Chun during the Battle of Changban.[17] Liu Feng was Liu Bei's adopted son.[18]
Liu Li had two sons: Liu Yin and Liu Ji. Liu Yin's son was Liu Cheng.[19] Liu Yong's grandson was Liu Xuan.[20]
1Liu Feng was Liu Bei's adopted son.
Liu Shan
edit| Zhang Fei 張飛 Yide 益德 | Lady Li 李昭儀 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Shan 劉禪 Gongsi 公嗣 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Wang 王貴人 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Jing'ai 敬哀皇后 | Empress Zhang 張皇后 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Xuan 劉璿 Wenheng 文衡 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Yao 劉瑤 | Liu Cong 劉琮 | Liu Zan 劉瓚 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liu Qian1 劉虔 | Liu Xun 劉恂 | Liu Chen 劉諶 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liu Shan had four wives: Empress Jing'ai, Empress Zhang, Lady Li[21] and Lady Wang. Empress Jing'ai, née Zhang, was Empress Zhang's elder sister. Both of them were Zhang Fei's daughters.[22][23]
Lady Wang bore Liu Xuan.[24] Liu Shan had another six sons: Liu Yao, Liu Cong, Liu Zan, Liu Chen, Liu Xun and Liu Qian.[20][25] The identities of their mothers were not known.
1Liu Qian's name was recorded as "Liu Qu" (劉璩) in the Shu Shipu.
See also
editReferences
edit- Ban, Biao; Ban, Gu; Ban, Zhao. Book of Han (Han Shu).
- Chen, Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Fan, Ye. Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).
- Pei, Songzhi. Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).