Glutathione S-transferase A1

Glutathione S-transferase A1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSTA1 gene.^[5]

GSTA1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GSD, 1GSE, 1GSF, 1GUH, 1K3L, 1K3O, 1K3Y, 1PKW, 1PKZ, 1PL1, 1PL2, 1USB, 1XWG, 1YDK, 2R3X, 2R6K, 3I69, 3I6A, 3IK9, 3KTL, 3L0H, 3Q74, 3U6V, 3ZFB, 3ZFL, 4HJ2
Identifiers
Aliases	GSTA1, GST2, GSTA1-1, GTH1, GST-epsilon, glutathione S-transferase alpha 1
External IDs	OMIM: 138359; MGI: 95863; HomoloGene: 130684; GeneCards: GSTA1; OMA:GSTA1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human)[1] Band 6p12.2 Start 52,791,371 bp[1] End 52,803,860 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9 E1|9 43.65 cM Start 78,238,300 bp[2] End 78,263,070 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in bronchial epithelial cell jejunal mucosa right adrenal gland right adrenal cortex left adrenal cortex epithelium of nasopharynx olfactory zone of nasal mucosa nasal epithelium duodenum mucosa of ileum Top expressed in epithelium of stomach right kidney conjunctival fornix human kidney transitional epithelium of urinary bladder left lobe of liver mucous cell of stomach esophagus skin of external ear retinal pigment epithelium More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity glutathione peroxidase activity glutathione transferase activity steroid delta-isomerase activity peroxidase activity oxidoreductase activity isomerase activity Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular exosome cytosol Biological process metabolism epithelial cell differentiation glutathione derivative biosynthetic process glutathione metabolic process cellular oxidant detoxification linoleic acid metabolic process prostaglandin metabolic process xenobiotic metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2938 14858 Ensembl ENSG00000243955 ENSMUSG00000057933 UniProt P08263 P10648 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_145740 NM_001319059 NM_008182 RefSeq (protein) NP_001305988 NP_665683 NP_032208 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 52.79 – 52.8 Mb Chr 9: 78.24 – 78.26 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver (hepatocytes) and kidney (proximal tubules). In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity, thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation.^[6]

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