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H-IIA





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H-IIA (H-2A) is an active expendable launch system operated by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. These liquid fuel rockets have been used to launch satellites into geostationary orbit; lunar orbiting spacecraft; Akatsuki, which studied the planet Venus; and the Emirates Mars Mission, which was launched to Mars in July 2020. Launches occur at the Tanegashima Space Center. The H-IIA first flew in 2001. As of February 2024, H-IIA rockets were launched 48 times, including 42 consecutive missions without a failure, dating back to 29 November 2003.

H-IIA
H-IIA No. F23 rolls out to the launch pad in February 2014
FunctionMedium-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer
  • IHI Corporation (sub)
  • Northrop Grumman Space Systems (sub, until 2008)
  • Country of originJapan
    Cost per launchUS$90 million [1]
    Size
    Height53 m (174 ft)
    Diameter4 m (13 ft)
    Mass285,000–445,000 kg (628,000–981,000 lb)
    Stages2
    Capacity
    Payload to LEO
    Mass10,000–15,000 kg (22,000–33,000 lb)
    Payload to GTO
    Mass4,100–6,000 kg (9,000–13,200 lb)
    Associated rockets
    FamilyH-II
    Derivative workH-IIB
    Launch history
    StatusActive
    Launch sitesTanegashima, LA-Y
    Total launches
    • 48
      • 202:33
  • 204:5
  • 2022:3
  • 2024:7
  • Success(es)
    • 47
      • 202:33
  • 204:5
  • 2022:3
  • 2024:6
  • First flight
    • 202: 29 August 2001
  • 204: 18 December 2006
  • 2022: 26 February 2005
  • 2024: 4 February 2002
  • Last flight
    • 202: 12 January 2024 (active)
  • 204: 22 December 2021
  • 2022: 14 September 2007
  • 2024: 23 February 2008
  • Type of passengers/cargo
  • Ibuki
  • Akatsuki
  • Hayabusa 2
  • Emirates Mars Mission
  • Boosters – SRB-A
    No. boosters2–4
    Height15.1 m
    Diameter2.5 m
    Maximum thrust2,260 kN (510,000 lbf)
    Total thrust4,520–9,040 kN (1,020,000–2,030,000 lbf)
    Specific impulse280 s (2.7 km/s)
    Burn time120 seconds
    PropellantHTPB
    Boosters (2022, 2024) – Castor 4A-XL
    No. boosters2–4
    Maximum thrust745 kN (167,000 lbf)
    Total thrust1,490–2,980 kN (330,000–670,000 lbf)
    Specific impulse280 s (2.7 km/s)
    Burn time60 seconds
    PropellantSolid
    First stage
    Height37.2 m
    Diameter4 m
    Powered by1LE-7A
    Maximum thrust1,098 kN (247,000 lbf)
    Specific impulse440 s (4.3 km/s)
    Burn time390 seconds
    PropellantLH2 / LOX
    Second stage
    Height9.2 m
    Diameter4 m
    Powered by1LE-5B
    Maximum thrust137 kN (31,000 lbf)
    Specific impulse447 s (4.38 km/s)
    Burn time534 seconds
    PropellantLH2 / LOX
    The Liftoff of H-IIA Flight 19
    The H-IIA rocket lineup
    The H-IIA

    Production and management of the H-IIA shifted from JAXA to MHI on 1 April 2007. Flight 13, which launched the lunar orbiter SELENE, was the first H-IIA launched after this privatization.[1]

    The H-IIA is a derivative of the earlier H-II rocket, substantially redesigned to improve reliability and minimize costs. There have been four variants, with two in active service (as of 2020) for various purposes. A derivative design, the H-IIB, was developed in the 2000s and made its maiden flight in 2009.

    Vehicle description

    edit

    The launch capability of an H-IIA launch vehicle can be enhanced by adding SRB-A solid rocket booster (SRB) and Castor 4AXL solid strap-on booster (SSB) to its basic configuration. The models are indicated by three or four numbers following the prefix "H2A":[2]

    The first two figures are virtually fixed at "20", as H-IIA is always two-staged, and the plans for LRBs were cancelled and superseded by the H-IIB.

    Variants

    edit
    Launch system status
      Active
      Discontinued
      Cancelled
    Designation Mass (tonnes) Payload to GTO (tonnes) Addon modules
    H2A 202 285 4.1 2SRB-A (SRB)
    H2A 2022[3] 316 4.5 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 2 Castor 4AXL (SSB)
    H2A 2024 347 5 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 4 Castor 4AXL (SSB)
    H2A 204 445 6 4 SRB-A (SRB)
    H2A 212 403 7.5 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 1 LRB [4][5]
    H2A 222 520 9.5 2 SRB-A (SRB) + 2 LRBs [4]

    Launch history

    edit

    The first H-IIA was successfully launched on 29 August 2001, followed by a string of successes.

    The sixth launch on 29 November 2003, intended to launch two IGS reconnaissance satellites, failed. JAXA announced that launches would resume in 2005, and the first successful flight took place on 26 February 2005 with the launch of MTSAT-1R.

    The first launch for a mission beyond Earth orbit was on 14 September 2007 for the SELENE Moon mission. The first foreign payload on the H-IIA was the Australian FedSat-1 in 2002. As of March 2015, 27 out of 28 launches were successful.

    A rocket with increased launch capabilities, H-IIB, is a derivative of the H-IIA family. H-IIB uses two LE-7A engines in its first stage, as opposed to one in H-IIA. The first H-IIB was successfully launched on 10 September 2009.

    For the 29th flight on 24 November 2015, an H-IIA with an upgraded second stage[6] launched the Telstar 12V satellite, the first commercial primary payload for a Japanese launch vehicle.[7]

    Flight

    No.

    Date (UTC) Type Payload(s) Outcome
    TF1 29 August 2001
    07:00:00
    H2A 202   VEP 2
      LRE
    Success
    TF2 4 February 2002
    02:45:00
    H2A 2024   VEP 3
      MDS-1 (Tsubasa)
      DASH
    Success
    F3 10 September 2002
    08:20:00
    H2A 2024   USERS
      DRTS (Kodama)
    Success
    F4 14 December 2002
    01:31:00
    H2A 202   ADEOS 2 (Midori 2)
      WEOS (Kanta-kun)
      FedSat1
      Micro LabSat 1
    Success
    F5 28 March 2003
    01:27:00
    H2A 2024   IGS-Optical 1
      IGS-Radar 1
    Success
    F6 29 November 2003
    04:33:00
    H2A 2024   IGS-Optical
      IGS-Radar
    Failure
    A hot gas leak from SRB-A motor destroyed its separation system and the booster did not separate as planned. The weight of the spent motor prevented the vehicle from achieving its planned speed and height and it was destroyed via a ground command about 10 minutes into the flight.[8]
    F7 26 February 2005
    09:25:00
    H2A 2022   MTSAT-1R (Himawari 6) Success
    F8 24 January 2006
    01:33:00
    H2A 2022   ALOS (Daichi) Success
    F9 18 February 2006
    06:27:00
    H2A 2024   MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7) Success
    F10 11 September 2006
    04:35:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 2 Success
    F11 18 December 2006
    06:32:00
    H2A 204   ETS-VIII (Kiku 8) Success
    F12 24 February 2007
    04:41:00
    H2A 2024   IGS-Radar 2
      IGS-Optical 3V
    Success
    F13 14 September 2007
    01:31:01
    H2A 2022   SELENE (Kaguya) Success
    F14 23 February 2008
    08:55:00
    H2A 2024   WINDS (Kizuna) Success
    F15 23 January 2009
    03:54:00
    H2A 202   GOSAT (Ibuki)
      SDS-1
      STARS (Kūkai)
      KKS-1 (Kiseki)
      PRISM (Hitomi)
      Sohla-1 (Maido 1)
      SORUNSAT-1 (Kagayaki)
      SPRITE-SAT (Raijin)
    Success [9]
    F16 28 November 2009
    01:21:00 [10]
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 3 Success
    F17 20 May 2010
    21:58:22 [11][12][13]
    H2A 202 [14]   PLANET-C (Akatsuki)
      IKAROS
      UNITEC-1 (Shin'en)
      Waseda-SAT2
      K-Sat (Hayato)
      Negai☆″
    Success
    F18 11 September 2010
    11:17:00 [15]
    H2A 202   QZS-1 (Michibiki) Success
    F19 23 September 2011
    04:36:50 [16]
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 4 Success
    F20 12 December 2011
    01:21:00 [17]
    H2A 202   IGS-Radar 3 Success
    F21 17 May 2012
    16:39:00
    H2A 202 [18]   GCOM-W1 (Shizuku)
      KOMPSAT-3 (Arirang 3)
      SDS-4
      HORYU-2
    Success
    F22 27 January 2013
    04:40:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Radar 4
      IGS-Optical 5V
    Success
    F23 27 February 2014
    18:37:00
    H2A 202    GPM-Core
      SindaiSat (Ginrei)
      STARS-II (Gennai)
      TeikyoSat-3
      ITF-1 (Yui)
      OPUSAT (CosMoz)
      INVADER
      KSAT2
    Success
    F24 24 May 2014
    03:05:14
    H2A 202   ALOS-2 (Daichi 2)
      RISING-2
      UNIFORM-1
      SOCRATES
      SPROUT
    Success
    F25 7 October 2014
    05:16:00
    H2A 202   Himawari 8 Success
    F26 3 December 2014
    04:22:04
    H2A 202   Hayabusa2
      Shin'en 2
      ARTSAT2-DESPATCH
      PROCYON
    Success
    F27 1 February 2015
    01:21:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Radar Spare Success
    F28 26 March 2015
    01:21:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 5 Success
    F29 24 November 2015
    06:50:00
    H2A 204   Telstar 12 Vantage Success
    F30 17 February 2016
    08:45:00
    H2A 202   ASTRO-H (Hitomi)
      ChubuSat-2 (Kinshachi 2)
      ChubuSat-3 (Kinshachi 3)
      Horyu-4
    Success
    The Hitomi telescope broke apart 37 days after launch.[19]
    F31 2 November 2016
    06:20:00
    H2A 202   Himawari 9 Success
    F32 24 January 2017
    07:44:00
    H2A 204   DSN-2 (Kirameki 2) Success
    F33 17 March 2017
    01:20:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Radar 5 Success
    F34 1 June 2017
    00:17:46
    H2A 202   QZS-2 (Michibiki 2) Success
    F35 19 August 2017
    05:29:00
    H2A 204   QZS-3 (Michibiki 3) Success
    F36 9 October 2017
    22:01:37
    H2A 202   QZS-4 (Michibiki 4) Success
    F37 23 December 2017
    01:26:22
    H2A 202   GCOM-C (Shikisai)
      SLATS (Tsubame)
    Success
    F38 27 February 2018
    04:34:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 6 Success
    F39 12 June 2018
    04:20:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Radar 6 Success
    F40 29 October 2018
    04:08:00
    H2A 202   GOSAT-2 (Ibuki-2)
      KhalifaSat
       Diwata-2B
     Tenkōh
     Stars-AO (Aoi)
     AUTcube2 (Gamacube)
    Success
    F41 9 February 2020
    01:34:00
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 7 Success
    F42 19 July 2020
    21:58:14
    H2A 202   Emirates Mars Mission (Hope) Success
    F43 29 November 2020
    07:25:00
    H2A 202   JDRS/LUCAS Success
    F44 26 October 2021
    02:19:37
    H2A 202   QZS-1R Success
    F45 22 December 2021
    15:32:00
    H2A 204   Inmarsat-6 F1 Success
    F46 26 January 2023
    01:50:21
    H2A 202   IGS-Radar 7 Success
    F47 6 September 2023
    23:42:11
    H2A 202    XRISM
      SLIM
    Success
    F48 12 January 2024
    04:44:26
    H2A 202   IGS-Optical 8 Success
    F49 Q3 2024 H2A 202   IGS-Radar 8 Planned
    F50 NET Q3 2024 H2A 202   GOSAT-GW Planned
    Final flight of H-IIA, and H-II family as a whole.

    See also

    edit

    References

    edit

    Notes

    1. ^ "Mitsubishi and Arianespace Combine Commercial Satellite Launch Services". SatNews. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012.
  • ^ "H-IIA Launch Vehicle" (PDF). JAXA. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2007.
  • ^ 三菱重工、「H2A」2機種に半減・民営化でコスト減. NIKKEI NET
  • ^ a b "Japan Reenters Rocket Race With New Improved H2A". Space Daily. 20 August 2001.
  • ^ "H-2A".
  • ^ "Launch Result of Telstar 12 VANTAGE by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 29". JAXA. 24 November 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  • ^ William Graham (23 November 2015). "Japanese H-IIA successfully lofts Telstar 12V". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  • ^ "Launch Result of IGS #2/H-IIA F6". JAXA. 29 November 2003. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  • ^ "Launch Result of the IBUKI (GOSAT) by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 15". MHI and JAXA. 23 January 2009. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
  • ^ "H-IIA F16". Sorae. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012.
  • ^ "Launch Day of the H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 17". JAXA. 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
  • ^ "Overview of Secondary Payloads". JAXA.
  • ^ Tariq Malik (18 May 2010). "New Venus Probe to Launch Thursday From Japan After". space.com. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  • ^ Chris Bergin (17 May 2010). "JAXA launch H-IIA carrying AKATSUKI and IKAROS scrubbed". NASASpaceflight. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  • ^ "New Launch Day of the First Quasi-Zenith Satellite 'MICHIBIKI' by H-IIA Launch Vehicle No. 18". JAXA.
  • ^ Chris Bergin (23 September 2011). "Japanese H-2A launches with new IGS military satellite". NASASpaceflight.
  • ^ Chris Bergin (11 December 2011). "Japanese H-2A lofts IGS (Radar-3) satellite into orbit". NASASpaceflight.
  • ^ "Launch Overview – H-IIA Launch Services Flight No.21". Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Archived from the original on 15 October 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
  • ^ Clark, Stephen (18 April 2016). "Attitude control failures led to break-up of Japanese astronomy satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
  • Sources

  • "H-IIA Expendable Launch Vehicle". SPACEandTECH. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2005.
  • edit

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H-IIA&oldid=1219589526"
     



    Last edited on 18 April 2024, at 17:21  





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