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Medium-lift launch vehicle





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Amedium-lift launch vehicle (MLV) is a rocket launch vehicle that is capable of lifting between 2,000 to 20,000 kg (4,400 to 44,100 lb) by NASA classification or between 5,000 to 20,000 kilograms (11,000 to 44,000 lb) by Russian classification[1]ofpayload into low Earth orbit (LEO).[2] An MLV is between small-lift launch vehicles and heavy-lift launch vehicles.

Clockwise from top-left: Falcon 9, Soyuz-2, PSLV, Nuri, H-IIA, Long March 2D

Class overview
NameMedium-lift launch vehicle
OperatorsVarious space organizations
Preceded bySmall-lift launch vehicle
Succeeded byHeavy-lift launch vehicle
Built1958–
Building8
Active25
Retired41
General characteristics
PropulsionVarious liquid-fueled engines and solid motors
Capacity
  • 2–20 metric tons (NASA)
  • 5–20 metric tons (Russia)

    • Rated launch vehicles

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    Operational

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    Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
    LEO (kg)     		Mass to
    other orbits (kg)     		Launches First Flight
    Falcon 9 Block 5   United States SpaceX 18,500 reusable
    22,800 expendable     		7,350 to GTO reusable
    8,300 to GTO expendable
    4,020 to Mars     		295 2018
    Soyuz-2/Soyuz ST   Russia TsSKB-Progress 8,200 3,250 to GTO
    4,400 to SSO     		175 2006[a]
    Long March 4B/4C   China SAST 4,200 1,500 to GTO
    2,800 to SSO     		101 1999
    Atlas V   United States United Launch Alliance 18,850 8,900 to GTO 99 2002
    Long March 2D   China SAST 3,500 1,300 to SSO 89 1992
    Zenit-3   Ukraine Yuzhmash 7,000 6,160 to GTO 84 1999
    Long March 3B/E   China CALT 11,500 5,500 to GTO
    6,900 to SSO     		82 2007
    Long March 2C   China CALT 3,850 1,900 to SSO 77 1982
    PSLV   India ISRO 3,800 1,200 to GTO
    1,750 to SSO     		60 1993
    H-IIA   Japan Mitsubishi 15,000 6,000 to GTO 48 2001
    Long March 3A   China CALT 6,000 2,600 to GTO
    5,000 to SSO     		27 1994
    Long March 2F   China CALT 8,400 3,500 to GTO 23 1999
    Long March 3C   China CALT 9,100 3,800 to GTO
    6,500 to SSO     		18 2008
    GSLV   India ISRO 5,000 2,700 to GTO 16 2010
    Long March 7/7A   China CALT 13,500 5,500 to SSO
    7,000 to GTO     		14 2016
    Soyuz-2.1v   Russia TsSKB-Progress 2,800 1,400 to SSO 9 2013
    LVM3   India ISRO 10,000 4,000 to GTO 7 2017[b]
    Long March 6A   China CALT 4,500 to SSO 5 2022
    Nuri   South Korea KARI 3,300 1,900 to SSO (700 km) 3 2022[c]
    Zhuque-2   China LandSpace 6,000 4,000 to SSO (500 km) 3 2022
    Long March 8   China CALT 8,100 4,500 to SSO 3 2020
    Angara 1.2   Russia Khrunichev 3,500[3] 2 2022[b]
    Vega-C   European Union Avio 2,200 to SSO (700 km)[4] 2 2022
    H3   Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 7,900 to GTO
    4,000 to SSO     		2 2023
    Gravity-1   China Orienspace 6,500 4,000 to SSO 1 2024
    Ariane 6 (A62)     France Arianespace 10,350 5,000 to GTO 2024

    Under development

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    Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
    LEO (kg)     		Mass to
    other orbits (kg)     		Expected Flight
    Tianlong-3   China Space Pioneer 17,000 14,000 to SSO 2024
    Long March 12   China CALT 10,000 6,000 to SSO 2024
    Pallas-1   China Galactic Energy 5,000 3,000 to SSO 2024
    Neutron   New Zealand
      United States     		Rocket Lab 13,000 2025[5]
    MLV   United States Firefly Aerospace 14,000[6] 2025
    Zhuque-3   China LandSpace 11,000-20,000 2025
    Irtysh   Russia Progress Rocket Space Centre 18,000 5,000 to GTO 2025
    Hyperbola-3   China i-Space 13,400(expendable)

    8,500(reusable)[7]

    		NET 2025[7]
    Unified Launch Vehicle   India Indian Space Research Organization 4,500-15,000 1,500-6,000 to GTO 2026
    Long March 10A   China CALT 14,000 >2026
    Pallas-2   China Galactic Energy 14,000[8] NET 2026[9]

    Retired

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    Vehicle Origin Manufacturer Mass to
    LEO (kg)     		Mass to
    other orbits (kg)     		Launches First Flight Last Flight
    Vostok   Soviet Union RSC Energia 4,730 163 1958 1991
    Saturn I   United States Chrysler & Douglas 9,000 10 1961 1965

    long

    Atlas-Centaur   United States Lockheed 5,100 61 1962 1983
    Titan II GLV   United States Martin 3,580 12 1964 1966
    Titan IIIC   United States Martin 13,100 3,000 to GTO
    1,200 to TMI     		36 1965 1982
    Molniya-M   Soviet Union
      Russia     		TsSKB-Progress 2,400 280 1965 2010
    Proton-K   Soviet Union
      Russia     		Khrunichev 19,760 311 1965 2012
    Soyuz original   Soviet Union OKB-1 6,450 32 1966 1975
    R-36 Tsyklon   Soviet Union
      Ukraine     		Yuzhmash 2,820-5,250 (depends on variant)[10][11] 500-910 to GTO[12] 236 1967 2009
    Soyuz-L   Soviet Union OKB-1 5,500 3 1970 1971
    Titan IIID   United States Martin 12,300 22 1971 1982
    Soyuz-M   Soviet Union OKB-1 6,600 8 1971 1976
    Soyuz-U   Soviet Union
      Russia     		TsSKB-Progress 6,900 786 1973 2017
    Feng Bao 1   China Shanghai Bureau No.2 2,500 8 1973 1981
    Long March 2A   China CALT 2,000 4 1974 1976
    Titan IIIE   United States Martin Marietta 15,400 3,700 to TMI 7 1974 1977
    Delta 3920–5920   United States Douglas 3,452–3,848 30 1980 1990
    N-II[13]   Japan Mitsubishi 2,000 8 1981 1987
    Soyuz-U2   Soviet Union TsSKB-Progress 7,050 72 1982 1995
    Atlas G   United States Lockheed 5,900 7 1984 1989
    Long March 3   China CALT 5,000 1,340 to GTO 14 1984 2000
    Zenit-2   Soviet Union
      Ukraine     		Yuzhnoye 13,740 36 1985 2004
    H-I   Japan Mitsubishi 3,200 1,100 to GTO 9 1986 1992
    Long March 4A   China SAST 4,000 2 1988 1990
    Ariane 4     France Aérospatiale 7,600 4,800 to GTO 116 1988 2003
    Delta II   United States United Launch Alliance 6,100 2,170 to GTO
    1,000 to HCO     		156 1989 2018
    Atlas I, II, III   United States Lockheed 5,900–8,686 2,340–4,609 to GTO 80 1990 2005
    Long March 2E   China CALT 9,200 7 1990 1995
    H-II / IIS   Japan Mitsubishi 10,060 4,000 to GTO 7 1994 1999
    Ariane 5     France Arianespace 16,000 6,950 to GTO 117 1996 2023
    Long March 3B   China CALT 11,200 5,100 to GTO
    5,700 to SSO     		12 1996 2012
    Delta III   United States Boeing 8,290 3,810 to GTO 3 1998 2000
    Dnepr   Ukraine Yuzhmash 4,500 2,300 to GTO
    550 to TLI     		22 1999 2015
    Soyuz-FG   Russia TsSKB-Progress 6,900 70 2001 2019
    GSLV Mk.I   India ISRO 4,000 2,150 to GTO 6 2001 2010
    H-IIB   Japan Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 19,000 8,000 to GTO 9 2009 2020
    Falcon 9 v1.0   United States SpaceX 10,450 4,540 to GTO 5 2010 2013
    Antares 110–130   United States Orbital Sciences 5,100[14] 1,500 to SSO 5 2013 2014
    Falcon 9 v1.1   United States SpaceX 13,150 4,850 to GTO 15 2013 2016
    Falcon 9 Full Thrust

    (before Block 5)

    		  United States SpaceX 15,600+[15] 7,075+[16] to GTO 63 2015 2018
    Antares 230   United States Northrop Grumman 8,000[14] 3,000 to SSO 13 2016 2023
    1. ^ A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2004, without the upper stage.
  • ^ a b A suborbital test flight was conducted in 2014, without the upper stage.
  • ^ A flight in 2021 failed to reach orbit.
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    See also

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    References

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    1. ^ Osipov, Yuri (2004–2017). Great Russian Encyclopedia. Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
  • ^ NASA Space Technology Roadmaps - Launch Propulsion Systems, p.11 Archived 24 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine: "Small: 0-2t payloads, Medium: 2-20t payloads, Heavy: 20-50t payloads, Super Heavy: >50t payloads"
  • ^ "Angara Launch Vehicle Family". Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  • ^ "Vega C". Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  • ^ "Rocket Lab Completes Archimedes Engine Build, Begins Engine Test Campaign". www.businesswire.com. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  • ^ "Medium Launch Vehicle". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  • ^ a b Jones, Andrew (11 December 2023). "China's reusable rocket race heats up with new hop test". SpaceNews. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  • ^ "三年回望：我们为什么坚定投资星河动力" [Three-year review: Why we firmly invest in Galactic Energy]. 3sNews (in Chinese). Taibo. 20 February 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  • ^ Jones, Andrew (22 July 2023). "Galactic Energy registers sixth consecutive successful launch". SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  • ^ "Tsiklon-2". Archived from the original on 27 December 2016.
  • ^ "Tsiklon-4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  • ^ "Tsyklon-4M (Cyclone-4M) prepares a move to Canada".
  • ^ "N-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  • ^ a b Krebs, Gunter. "Antares (Taurus-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
  • ^ "SpaceX and Cape Canaveral Return to Action with First Operational Starlink Mission". NASASpaceFlight.com. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  • ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Telstar 19V (Telstar 19 Vantage)". Gunter's Space Page. Gunter. Retrieved 7 August 2018.

    • Further reading

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medium-lift_launch_vehicle&oldid=1231622705"
      



    Last edited on 29 June 2024, at 09:17  





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