Inhuman genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.
Haplogroup S | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 64,000-47,000 years ago |
Possible place of origin | Australia |
Ancestor | N |
Descendants | S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 |
Defining mutations | 8404[1] |
Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).[2]
It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000–500 years ago).[3][4]
The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[1] and subsequent published research. The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.[2]
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H | V | J | T |
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