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Flag of Turkey
Turkey Republic of Türkiye , is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia , with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe . It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Iran to the east; Iraq , Syria , and the Mediterranean Sea (and Cyprus ) to the south; and the Aegean Sea , Greece , and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks , while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority . Officially a secular state , Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city, and its economic and financial center, as well as the largest city in Europe . Other major cities include İzmir , Bursa and Antalya .
Human habitation began in the Late Paleolithic . Home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and some of the earliest farming areas , present-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient peoples . Hattians were assimilated by the Anatolian peoples . Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization following the conquests of Alexander the Great ; Hellenization continued during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities . Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded ; Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453 . During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent , the Ottoman Empire became a global power . From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major transformation, reforms , and centralization while its territory declined .
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans , Caucasus , and Crimea . Under the control of the Three Pashas , the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian , Greek and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne . The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk . Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II , but was involved in the Korean War . Coups in 1960 and 1980 interrupted the transition to a multi-party system.
Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country ; its economy is the world's 18th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP . It is a unitary presidential republic . Turkey is a founding member of the OECD , G20 , and Organization of Turkic States . With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a regional power and an early member of NATO . An EU candidate , Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union , CoE , OIC , and TURKSOY .
Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau , and various mountain ranges; its climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior. Home to three biodiversity hotspots , Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change . Turkey has universal healthcare , growing access to education , and increasing innovativeness . It is a leading TV content exporter. With 21 UNESCO World Heritage sites, 30 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine , Turkey is the fifth most visited country in the world. (Full article...
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Turkish Airlines Turkish : Türk Hava Yolları ), or legally Türk Hava Yolları Anonim Ortaklığı , is the flag carrier of Turkey . , it operates scheduled services to 272 destinations in Europe , Asia , Oceania, Africa , and the Americas , making it the largest mainline carrier in the world by number of passenger destinations. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world and flies to 126 countries, more than any other airline . With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft , the airline's cargo division Turkish Cargo serves 82 destinations. The airline also owns a low cost subsidiary, AJet .
The airline's corporate headquarters are on the grounds of Istanbul Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy , Bakırköy , Istanbul . The airline's main base is Istanbul Airport in Arnavutköy . It has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008. (Full article...
General images
The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 The
Fountain of Ahmed III is an iconic example of Tulip period architecture (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 2 Mehmed II enters Constantinople by
Fausto Zonaro (from
History of Turkey )
Image 5 The Ottoman Empire in
1683 , at the start of the
Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from
History of Turkey )
Image 6 The
Ishak Pasha Palace , Eastern Turkey. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 10 Beaches and marina of
Kemer near
Antalya on the
Turkish Riviera (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 11 A view of
Levent from
Kanlıca across the
Bosporus (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 14 Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 16 Designed by Şekip Akalın,
Ankara Central Station (1937) is a notable
art deco design of its era. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 18 Istanbul (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 20 The sultan of the golden age,
Suleiman the Magnificent . (from
History of Turkey )
Image 22 Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in
Turkey and 4th in
Europe . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 23 Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from
History of Turkey )
Image 24 Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of the traditional
Turkish shadow play , popularized during the
Ottoman period . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 27 Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the
Byzantines in the 6th century. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 29 A view from the interior of a traditional Turkish house, by
John Frederick Lewis (1805–1875) (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 30 Antalya (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 31 Adnan Menderes ,
İsmet İnönü , and the other members of the Parliament wearing a
white tie and
top hat . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 32 One of the main entrance gates of the
Dolmabahçe Palace . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 33 First
Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in
Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 34 View from
Levent district in
Istanbul . Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 35 Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 36 Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century
Ottoman Empire . (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 37 Roosevelt ,
İnönü and
Churchill at the
Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 38 The Bath-Gymnasium complex at
Sardis in Turkey. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 40 Ortaköy Mosque in the first quarter of the 20th century (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 41 Anıtkabir designed by
Emin Halid Onat and Ahmet Orhan Arda (1944–53) (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 42 An Oil wrestling tournament in
Istanbul . This has been the national sport of Turkey since
Ottoman times. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 43 Orhan Veli Kanık was the founder of the
Garip Movement in Turkish poetry. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 44 Ankara (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 45 Atatürk on the cover of the
Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from
History of Turkey )
Image 46 Night view of the
Taksim Mosque (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 47 Ankara Opera House , designed by
Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by
Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 48 Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by
Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 49 Map of the Hittite Empire at its greatest extent, with Hittite rule
c. 1350–1300 BC represented by the green line (from
History of Turkey )
Image 50 Butterfly Valley on the
Turkish Riviera . (from
Geography of Turkey )
Image 51 Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from
History of Turkey )
Image 52 Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 53 Yalikavak Palmarina in
Bodrum (2014) designed by
Emre Arolat (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 54 Map of the
Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under
Croesus , c. 547 BC. (from
History of Turkey )
Image 55 Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 56 Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific
Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the
Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from
Culture of Turkey )
Image 58 The empire in 555 under
Justinian the Great , at its greatest extent since the fall of the
Western Roman Empire (its
vassals in pink) (from
History of Turkey )
... that one of the accused assassins of Turkish former government minister Gün Sazak
... that Israel expressed objections to the newly launched Turkish reconnaissance satellite Göktürk-2 high resolution imagery of Israel would eventually fall into the wrong hands? (January 15, 2013)
... that Yalçın Granit
... that the crash of Turkish Airlines Flight 634 BAe 146 ? (January 4, 2009) Wikipedia:Recent additions 238
... that in the early stages of World War II the steamer Refah from neutral Turkey was torpedoed submarine in the eastern Mediterranean killing 168 of the 200 people aboard? (May 30, 2011)
... that the remains of the Bogdan Saray in Istanbul lie inside a tire shop? (April 13, 2012)
Selected picture
Image 1 The Temple of Athena at
Priene , an ancient site near Turunçlar in
Aydın province .
Image 3
Image 6 Iznik , 16th-century vase
Image 7 The tughra of
Mahmud II . "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 8 Flag of Turkey , from flowers
Image 10
Image 11
Image 12 A faculty of
Sakarya University
Image 14 Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 15 Aydilge Sarp ;
Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 19
Image 21 The sun setting over the
Golden Horn in the city of
Istanbul .
Image 23 An airplane with a
nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "
evil eye ".
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until the Surname Law of 1934 (c. 1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal , revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey , serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms , which modernized Turkey into a secular , industrializing nation. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist , his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism .
Atatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I . During this time, the Ottoman Empire perpetrated genocides against its Greek , Armenian and Assyrian subjects ; while never involved, Atatürk's role in their aftermath was the subject of discussion. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement , which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers . Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara (known in English at the time as Angora), he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence . He subsequently proceeded to abolish the sultanate in 1922 and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place the following year. (Full article...
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia, three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey
More selected videos Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons
“
Everything we see in the world is the creative work of women.
”
More selected quotes Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote
Recognized content
Alanya , Byzantine Empire , SMS Goeben , The Turk , List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire , Istanbul , Italian War of 1521–1526 , Italian War of 1542–1546 , List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire , Rhodes blood libel
2004 Istanbul summit , 2008 Turkish Grand Prix , Battle of Manzikert , Battle of Marash , Battle of Vaslui , Church of St. Polyeuctus , First Crusade , Great Zab , Hood event , Limyra Bridge , Siege of Szigetvár , Night Attack at Târgoviște , Third Perso-Turkic War , Walls of Constantinople , Gallipoli Campaign , Battle of Lone Pine
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