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Telue language

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Telue (pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多罗; Tolo) or White Gelao is a Gelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.^[2]^[3]

Telue
White Gelao
Duoluo
Native to	China, Vietnam
Region	Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Ha Giang Province
Native speakers	(1,220 cited 1987)^[1]
Language family	Kra–Dai Kra Ge–Chi Gelao Telue
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`giw`
Glottolog	`whit1267`
ELP	White Gelao

Dialects

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The primary dialectal areas where Telue (White Gelao) is still spoken are:^[4]

Guizhou, China (inLiuzhi Special District^[5]): Judu 居都
Guangxi, China (inLonglin County): Moji 磨基 (also spoken in Wantao 湾桃)
Yunnan, China (inMalipo County): Yueliangwan 月亮湾 (also spoken in Fengyan 峰岩 and Laozhai 老寨)
Vietnam (inHà Giang Province)^[6]

Phonology

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Duoluo has many uvular and prenasalized consonants.^[7]

Consonants

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		Labial			Dental/ Alveolar		(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar			Uvular	Glottal
		plain	pal.	lat.	plain	pal.	(Alveolo-) palatal	plain	pal.	lab.	Uvular	plain	pal.
Stop	voiceless	p	pʲ	pˡ	t	tʲ		k	kʲ	kʷ	q	ʔ	ʔʲ
	aspirated	pʰ	pʲʰ	pˡʰ	tʰ	tʲʰ		kʰ	kʲʰ	kʷʰ	qʰ
	voiced	b	bʲ	bˡ	d	dʲ		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless				ts		tɕ
	aspirated				tsʰ		(tɕʰ)
	voiced				dz		dʑ
Fricative	voiceless	f			s		ɕ					h
Fricative	voiced	v			z			ɣ
Nasal	voiceless	m̥			n̥		ɲ̟̊	ŋ̊
Nasal	voiced	m	mʲ	mˡ	n		ɲ̟	ŋ
Lateral	fricative				ɬ
	glide				l	lʲ						ˀl
	labial				lʷ
Approximant							j			(w)

The sound of the affricates /ts, tsʰ, dz/ are frequently close to interdental affricate sounds [tθ, tθʰ, dð].
The pronunciation of /j/ can sometimes be close to an alveolo-palatal sound [ʑ], but not as fully articulated.
/ŋ/ can also form a syllabic nasal [ŋ̍].
Sounds /tɕʰ, w/ mainly appear in modern Chinese loanwords.

Vowels

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	Front		Central	Back
Close	i	y		ɯ	u
Mid	e		ə	o
Open	a			ɑ
Syllabic			ɹ̩

/ɹ̩/ only is heard after dental/alveolar fricatives and affricates only, /i/ is never heard in this position.
/ə/ and /ɯ/ are typically free variants of each other. When used as a single vowel, it is commonly heard as [ɯ], but when followed by a back vowel /ɯ, u/ it is pronounced as [ə].^[8]

References

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^ TelueatEthnologue (24th ed., 2021)

^ Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993. Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.

^ Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004. Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.

^ Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].

^ Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2019). Guizhou Liuzhi Gelaoyu 贵州六枝仡佬语. Beijing: The Commercial Press. OCLC 1112270585.

^ Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011. The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia. ISBN 9785874443917

^ Edmondson, Jerold A. "Kra or Kadai languages" (PDF). Ling.uta.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2013-11-30.

^ Zhuo, Guoyan (2000). The phonology system of Judu Gelao language. The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telue_language&oldid=1170733907" Last edited on 16 August 2023, at 21:53

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