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Editing (55565) 2002 AW197

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{{Short description|Classical Kuiper belt object}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet = yes
 | name = {{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}
 | background = #C2E0FF
 | image = 55565-2002aw197 hst.jpg
 | image_scale =
 | caption = [[Hubble Space Telescope]] image of {{mp|2002 AW|197}} taken in 2006
 | discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="MPEC2002-O30" />
 | discoverer = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]] ({{small|team}})
 | discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
 | discovered = 10 January 2002
 | mpc_name = {{mp|2002 AW|197}}
 | pronounced = 
 | named_after = 
 | mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[cubewano]]<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09" /> [[List of possible dwarf planets|p-DP]]<ref name="Brown-dplist" />{{·}}[[Detached object|extended]]<ref name=Buie /> [[Distant minor planet|distant]]<ref name="MPC-object" />
 | orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5)
 | uncertainty = 3
 | observation_arc = 21.23 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (7,756 d)
 | earliest_precovery_date = 29 December 1997
 | aphelion = 53.161 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion = 40.922 AU
 | time_periastron = ≈ 5 May 2078<ref name=perihelion>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is [[3-sigma]].)</ref> ±4 days
 | semimajor = 47.042 AU
 | eccentricity = 0.13009
 | period = 322.65 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (117,848 [[Julian day|d]])
 | mean_anomaly = 294.532[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.003055|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination = 24.451°
 | asc_node = 297.606°
 | arg_peri = 297.494°
 | mean_diameter = {{val|768|39|u=km}}<ref name="Vilenius-2014" /> {{val|734|+116|u=km}}<ref name="Stansberry-2007" /> {{val|700|50|ul=km}}<ref name="Stansberry-2005" /><ref name="Cruikshank-2005" /> {{val|886}} km<ref name="Grundy-2005" />
 | rotation = {{val|8.87|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="TNOsCool9"/> {{val|8.78|0.05|u=h}}<ref name="Thirouin-2010" /> {{val|8.86|0.01|u=h}}<ref name="Ortiz-2006" />
 | albedo = {{val|0.112|+0.012|-0.011}}<ref name="Vilenius-2014" />
 | spectral_type = {{nowrap|IR<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Belskaya-2015" />{{·}}{{small|([[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]])}}}} [[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.920|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /> [[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.560|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /> [[Asteroid color indices|V–I]] = {{val|1.170|0.010}}<ref name="Belskaya-2015" />
 | magnitude = 20.0 {{small|([[Opposition (astronomy and astrology)|opposition]])}}<ref name="AstDys" /><ref name="Horizons" />
 | abs_magnitude = {{val|3.568|0.046}} {{small|(V)}}<ref name="TNOsCool10"/> {{val|3.156|0.059}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Peixinho-2012" /> 3.3 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="jpldata" />
}}

'''{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2002 AW|197}}''') is a classical, non-resonant [[trans-Neptunian object]] from the [[Kuiper belt]] in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]], also known as a [[cubewano]]. With a likely diameter of at least {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}}, it is approximately tied with {{mpl|2002 MS|4}} and {{mpl|2013 FY|27}} (to within measurement uncertainties) as the [[List of Solar System objects by size|largest unnamed object]] in the Solar System. It was discovered at [[Palomar Observatory]] in 2002.

Its [[rotation period]] is 8.8 hours and it is a [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]] color.<ref name="lcdb" /> Tancredi notes that [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations suggest that it is a [[spheroid]] with a high [[Astronomical albedo|albedo]] and small albedo spots.<ref name=SSDwarfs>Tancredi, G., & Favre, S. (2008) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8261.pdf ''Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?'']. Depto. Astronomía, Fac. Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay; Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos, MEC, Uruguay. Retrieved 10-08-2011</ref> However, its low albedo suggests it does not have planetary geology, as it should if it were a dwarf planet.

== Description ==
[[File:2002_AW197_orbit_2018.png|thumb|left|upright=1.1|{{mp|2002 AW|197}}'s orbit is outside that of [[Pluto]]'s, with a higher inclination and different orientation]]

=== Discovery ===

{{mp|2002 AW|197}} was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the [[Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> Astronomers involved in the discovery were [[Michael E. Brown|Michael Brown]], [[Chad Trujillo]], [[Eleanor Helin]], [[Michael Hicks (astronomer)|Michael Hicks]], [[Kenneth J. Lawrence|Kenneth Lawrence]] and [[Steven H. Pravdo]].<ref name="MPEC2002-O30" /> It is located near the [[Kuiper cliff]].

===  Orbit and classification ===

{{mp|2002 AW|197}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 322.6 years (over 117,800 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 47&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.13 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 24[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with a [[precovery]] taken at Haleakala-NEAT/GEODSS {{Obscode|566}} in December 1997, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-object" /> At 45.4&nbsp;AU from the Sun,<ref name="AstDys" /> it continues to slowly approach the Sun until its [[perihelion]] passage at 41.1&nbsp;AU in May 2078.<ref name="perihelion" />

=== Physical characteristics ===
[[File:2002AW197-Spitzer.jpg|left|thumb|upright|{{mp|2002 AW|197}} imaged by ''[[Spitzer Space Telescope|Spitzer]]'' on 13 April 2004]]
Combined observations of thermal emissions by the [[Herschel Space Observatory]] and [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] give a diameter of {{val|768|+39|-38|u=km}} and a geometric albedo of {{val|0.112|+.012|-.011}}.<ref name="Vilenius-2014" />

==== Surface ====

[[European Southern Observatory|ESO]] analysis of [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] reveals a strong red slope and no presence of water ice<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Candidate Members and Age Estimate of the Family of Kuiper Belt Object {{mp|2003 EL|61}} | author=D. Ragozzine | author2=M. E. Brown | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=134 | issue=6 | pages=2160–2167 | date=2007 | doi=10.1086/522334 | bibcode=2007AJ....134.2160R | arxiv=0709.0328| s2cid=8387493 }}</ref> (in contrast to [[(50000) Quaoar|Quaoar]], also red) suggesting organic material (see comparison of [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|colours]] and typical composition inferred from [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectra|spectra of the TNOs]]).
{{clear|left}}

== See also==
* [[174567 Varda]] – a similar TNO by orbit, size and color
*[[List of Solar System objects by size]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
 |type = 2019-03-25 last obs.
 |title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 55565 (2002 AW197)
 |url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2055565
 |publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
 |date = 13 July 2019
 |access-date = 20 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
 |title = 55565 (2002 AW197)
 |work = [[Minor Planet Center]]
 |url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=55565
 |access-date = 9 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPEC2002-O30">{{cite web
 |date=2002-07-20
 |title=MPEC 2002-O30 : 2002 AW197
 |first=Brian G. |last=Marsden
 |work=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
 |url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/mpec/K02/K02O30.html
 |access-date=2010-01-06}}</ref>

<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09">{{cite web
 |title=MPEC 2009-R09 :Distant Minor Planets (2009 SEPT. 16.0 TT)
 |date=2009-09-04
 |publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center
 |url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/mpec/K09/K09R09.html
 |access-date=2009-10-04}}</ref>

<ref name=Buie>{{cite web
 |author=Marc W. Buie
 |author-link=Marc W. Buie
 |type=2009-03-23 using 112 observations
 |title=Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 55565
 |publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department)
 |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/55565.html
 |access-date=2009-10-04}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
 |title = LCDB Data for (55565) 
 |publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
 |url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=55565%7C
 |access-date = 9 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Vilenius-2014">{{Cite journal
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 |first15 = R. |last15 = Duffard
 |first16 = D. |last16 = Perna
 |first17 = F. |last17 = Henry
 |date = April 2014
 |title = "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations
 |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
 |volume = 564
 |page = 18
 |bibcode = 2014A&A...564A..35V 
 |doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201322416
 |arxiv = 1403.6309v1
 |s2cid = 118513049 }}</ref>

<ref name="Stansberry-2007">{{Cite journal
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 |date = December 2007
 |title = Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from the Spitzer Space Telescope
 |journal = The Solar System Beyond Neptune
 |pages = 161–179
 |bibcode = 2008ssbn.book..161S
 |arxiv = astro-ph/0702538
 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cruikshank-2005">{{Cite journal
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 |first5 = Michael W. |last5 = Werner
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 |date = May 2005
 |title = The High-Albedo Kuiper Belt Object (55565) 2002 AW197
 |journal = The Astrophysical Journal
 |volume = 624
 |issue = 1
 |pages = L53–L56
 |bibcode = 2005ApJ...624L..53C
 |doi = 10.1086/430420
 |doi-access= free
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<ref name="AstDys">{{cite web
 |title=AstDys (55565) 2002AW197 Ephemerides
 |publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy
 |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=2002AW197
 |access-date=2013-12-14}}</ref>

<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web
 |title=HORIZONS Web-Interface
 |publisher=[[JPL Solar System Dynamics]]
 |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197
 |access-date=2008-07-02}}</ref>

<ref name="Brown-dplist">{{cite web
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 |date = August 2005
 |title = Albedos, Diameters (and a Density) of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects
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<ref name="Grundy-2005">{{Cite journal
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 |date = July 2005
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 |journal = Icarus
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<ref name="TNOsCool9">{{cite journal
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<ref name="TNOsCool10">{{cite journal
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}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* Cruikshank, D., et al. ''High Albedo KBO (55565)2002 AW197'', The Astronomical Journal Letters, 624,53 (May 2004). [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/ekonews/issues/past/n042/html/index.html Abstract]
* [http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921310001717 Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)], G. Tancredi, IAU Symposium No. 263 (2009)
* [http://www.physics.nau.edu/~tegler/research/survey.htm Kuiper Belt Object Magnitudes and Surface Colors], Stephen C. Tegler, June 2018
* {{cite journal | last1 = Doressoundiram | first1 = A. | last2 = Barucci | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Tozzi | first3 = G. P. | last4 = Poulet | first4 = F. | last5 = Boehnhardt | first5 = H. | last6 = de Bergh | first6 = C. | last7 = Peixinho | first7 = N. | year = 2005 | title = Spectral characteristics and modeling of the trans-neptunian object (55565) 2002 AW197 and the Centaurs (55576) 2002 GB10 and (83982) 2002 GO9: ESO Large Program on TNOs and Centaurs | bibcode = 2005P&SS...53.1501D | journal = Planetary and Space Science | volume = 53 | issue = 14–15| pages = 1501–1509 | doi=10.1016/j.pss.2004.11.007}}
* {{AstDys|55565}}
* {{JPL small body}}

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[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar Observatory]]
[[Category:Possible dwarf planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2002|20020110]]

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Latin: A a Á á À à Â â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā Ã ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}

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(55565) 2002 AW197: Sitelink, Title, Description: en, Miscellaneous (e.g. aliases, entity existence), Some statements

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