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{{Short description|South Australian law giving certain land rights to two Aboriginal peoples; created APY}} |
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{{Use Australian English|date=July 2015}} |
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== History == |
== History == |
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In 1976, the Pitjantjatjara Council ("Pit Council") was formed to lobby for freehold title to their reserve land, which, since the [[Aboriginal Land Trust|''Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 '']] had been vested in the Minister for Community Welfare.<ref name=Brock>{{cite book|title=Colonialism and its Aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia|url=https://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/product.php?productid=1385|publisher=[[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]]|isbn= 9781743054994|date=2017|editor1-first=Peggy|editor1-last=Brock|editor2-first=Tom|editor2-last=Gara|chapter=3. From segregation to self-determination in the twentieth century|first1=Peggy|last1=Brock|first2=Tom|last2=Gara|page=57}}</ref> Premier [[Don Dunstan]] established a Parliamentary Committee to investigate the feasibility of a separate lands trust to cover the North-West Reserve. The Pit Council wanted title to be vested in a new entity of which all Pitjantjatjara people would be members. They wanted something more than the communal title arrangements which had been granted by the [[Fraser |
In 1976, the Pitjantjatjara Council ("Pit Council") was formed to lobby for freehold title to their reserve land, which, since the [[Aboriginal Land Trust|''Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 '']] had been vested in the Minister for Community Welfare.<ref name=Brock>{{cite book|title=Colonialism and its Aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia|url=https://www.wakefieldpress.com.au/product.php?productid=1385|publisher=[[Wakefield Press (Australia)|Wakefield Press]]|isbn= 9781743054994|date=2017|editor1-first=Peggy|editor1-last=Brock|editor2-first=Tom|editor2-last=Gara|chapter=3. From segregation to self-determination in the twentieth century|first1=Peggy|last1=Brock|first2=Tom|last2=Gara|page=57}}</ref> Premier [[Don Dunstan]] established a Parliamentary Committee to investigate the feasibility of a separate lands trust to cover the North-West Reserve. The Pit Council wanted title to be vested in a new entity of which all Pitjantjatjara people would be members. They wanted something more than the communal title arrangements which had been granted by the [[Fraser Government]] under the ''[[Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976]]'' (NT).<ref name=Lawson/> |
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Negotiations became drawn out, with the change of government from the Dunstan government to the Liberal government under [[David Tonkin]] after the 1979 state election. After the government proposed major changes to the legislation, over 100 Pitjantjatjara people camped at [[Victoria Park, Adelaide|Victoria Park Racecourse]] in February 1980 in protest.<ref name=Brock/> In October 1980, the Tonkin government introduced an amended bill after a long period of negotiations, in which Premier Tonkin took a leading and personal role. |
Negotiations became drawn out, with the change of government from the Dunstan government to the Liberal government under [[David Tonkin]] after the 1979 state election. After the government proposed major changes to the legislation, over 100 Pitjantjatjara people camped at [[Victoria Park, Adelaide|Victoria Park Racecourse]] in February 1980 in protest.<ref name=Brock/> In October 1980, the Tonkin government introduced an amended bill after a long period of negotiations, in which Premier Tonkin took a leading and personal role. |
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== Significance == |
== Significance == |
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The Act, which introduced new concepts of land holding and land control for the benefit of [[Indigenous Australians]], was an important milestone in the struggle for land rights not only for [[Anangu]] but for Indigenous communities worldwide. During discussion of the Bill, |
The Act, which introduced new concepts of land holding and land control for the benefit of [[Indigenous Australians]], was an important milestone in the struggle for land rights not only for [[Anangu]] but for Indigenous communities worldwide. During discussion of the Bill, then State Premier, Hon [[David Tonkin]], described it as “very much one of the most significant pieces of legislation which has come before this Parliament in its entire history.” |
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In 1984, the [[High Court of Australia]] described the Act as: |
In 1984, the [[High Court of Australia]] described the Act as: |
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<blockquote> |
<blockquote> ‘a special measure for the purpose of adjusting the law of the State to grant legal recognition and protection of the claims of the Anunga [sic] Pitjantjatjara to the traditional homelands on which they live and as the legal means by which present and future generations may take up and rebuild their relationship with their country in accordance with tradition, free of disturbance from others’.<ref>Decision of the High Court in ''Gerhardy v Brown'' [1985] HCA 11; (1985) (159 CLR 70)[http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1985/11.html]</ref> </blockquote> |
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In 2001, the ongoing significance of the Act was recognised in a major |
In 2001, the ongoing significance of the Act was recognised in a major Centenary of Federation project charting the development of Australian democracy through key documents.<ref>Report of Select Committee on Pitjantjatjara Land Rights, Parliament of South Australia 2003-2004 {{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/A89D5A9A-74E0-4F78-B6BF-2984F006779E/4621/finalreport.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-07-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831121728/http://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/A89D5A9A-74E0-4F78-B6BF-2984F006779E/4621/finalreport.pdf |archive-date=31 August 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> |
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== Geographical scope == |
== Geographical scope == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/ANANGU%20PITJANTJATJARA%20YANKUNYTJATJARA%20LAND%20RIGHTS%20ACT%201981.aspx|website=Government of South Australia. Attorney-General's Dept|title=Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 |
*{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.sa.gov.au/LZ/C/A/ANANGU%20PITJANTJATJARA%20YANKUNYTJATJARA%20LAND%20RIGHTS%20ACT%201981.aspx|website=Government of South Australia. Attorney-General's Dept|title=Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981}}(for latest version) |
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*[http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/sa/consol_act/apylra1981489/notes.html#legislativehistory Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 - Notes] Shows legislative history, with dates and details of all amendments. |
*[http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/sa/consol_act/apylra1981489/notes.html#legislativehistory Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 - Notes] Shows legislative history, with dates and details of all amendments. |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
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