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The broken varieties are often less expensive,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/2007ricelr.pdf|title=fsa.usda.gov Loan Values for 2007 Crop Whole Kernels and Broken Rice|publisher=|accessdate=8 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/TRADE%20REPORT%20-%20QUARTERLY%20IMPORTS_Dakar_Senegal_9-8-2009.pdf|title=fas.usda.gov USDA trade report|publisher=|accessdate=8 June 2018}}</ref><ref>''Grain market report'' International Wheat Council, International Grains Council -- Nos 276/285 1999 -- Page 36 "Thai 100% grade B white rice (referred to as "white rice" in this section) is a widely-traded, high- quality variety, and Thai A1 Special broken rice represents a cheaper type that is often marketed to West Africa, for example. Many other types and ..."</ref><ref>William E. Burns ''Science And Technology in Colonial America'' 2005 - Page 12 "... purpose in West Africa. The baskets were then rotated and tossed to separate the lighter hulls from the heavier grains. The long-grain rice, the famous "Carolina Gold," had to be handled carefully to avoid breakage, as broken rice was of less ..."</ref><ref>''Rice Grain Quality and Marketing'' 1985 Page 6 "However, the export demand for broken rice prices in Thailand is almost as high as for medium-quality whole rice, due to rapidly increasing demand for broken rice in West Africa, mentioned earlier. Thailand broken rice is long-grain, clean and ..."</ref> and so are preferred by poorer consumers, but they are also eaten by choice, with some cookbooks describing how to break unbroken rice to produce the desired texture or speed cooking. |
The broken varieties are often less expensive,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/2007ricelr.pdf|title=fsa.usda.gov Loan Values for 2007 Crop Whole Kernels and Broken Rice|publisher=|accessdate=8 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/TRADE%20REPORT%20-%20QUARTERLY%20IMPORTS_Dakar_Senegal_9-8-2009.pdf|title=fas.usda.gov USDA trade report|publisher=|accessdate=8 June 2018}}</ref><ref>''Grain market report'' International Wheat Council, International Grains Council -- Nos 276/285 1999 -- Page 36 "Thai 100% grade B white rice (referred to as "white rice" in this section) is a widely-traded, high- quality variety, and Thai A1 Special broken rice represents a cheaper type that is often marketed to West Africa, for example. Many other types and ..."</ref><ref>William E. Burns ''Science And Technology in Colonial America'' 2005 - Page 12 "... purpose in West Africa. The baskets were then rotated and tossed to separate the lighter hulls from the heavier grains. The long-grain rice, the famous "Carolina Gold," had to be handled carefully to avoid breakage, as broken rice was of less ..."</ref><ref>''Rice Grain Quality and Marketing'' 1985 Page 6 "However, the export demand for broken rice prices in Thailand is almost as high as for medium-quality whole rice, due to rapidly increasing demand for broken rice in West Africa, mentioned earlier. Thailand broken rice is long-grain, clean and ..."</ref> and so are preferred by poorer consumers, but they are also eaten by choice, with some cookbooks describing how to break unbroken rice to produce the desired texture or speed cooking. |
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Broken rice is consumed as part of local cuisine in [[West Africa]] (where the traditional [[African rice]] is easier to break), Thailand, Bangladesh and elsewhere in South East Asia. In Vietnam [[ |
Broken rice is consumed as part of local cuisine in [[West Africa]] (where the traditional [[African rice]] is easier to break), Thailand, Bangladesh and elsewhere in South East Asia. In Vietnam, {{lang|vi|[[cơm tấm]]}} (literally "broken rice") is a popular rice dish with pork. [[Thieboudienne]] is a popular dish in west Africa often made with broken rice. Broken rice is called rice grist or middlins in South Carolina. In Bangladesh it is called khood. It is typically dressed with roasted peppers, garlic and mustard oil before having it on its own or with a side dish - usually the previous night's leftovers. |
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==Industrial uses== |
==Industrial uses== |
Broken rice is fragments of rice grains, broken in the field, during drying, during transport, or by milling.[1] Mechanical separators are used to separate the broken grains from the whole grains and sort them by size.[2]
Broken rice is fragmented, not defective; there is nothing wrong with it.[3] It is as nutritious as the equivalent unbroken rice (i.e. if all the germ and bran remains, it is as nutritious as brown rice; if none remains, it is only as nutritious as white rice).
Broken rice has a long history; Ibn Baṭṭūṭa mentions rice couscous in the area of Mali in 1350,[citation needed] presumably made of African rice.
Broken rice from a rice huller will be brown whole grain; broken rice from a gristmill may be white.
On milling, Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice or paddy rice, produces around 50% whole rice then approximately 16% broken rice, 20% husk, 14% bran and meal.[4][5] African rice, Oryza glaberrima, has more brittle grains, and breakage is higher.
Due to the different size and shape of the grains, broken rice has a different, softer texture from "unbroken" rice,[6][7] and absorbs flavours more easily[citation needed]. It cooks faster, using less fuel, and can be used to make rice porridges and congees, which need long cooking times.
The broken varieties are often less expensive,[8][9][10][11][12] and so are preferred by poorer consumers, but they are also eaten by choice, with some cookbooks describing how to break unbroken rice to produce the desired texture or speed cooking.
Broken rice is consumed as part of local cuisine in West Africa (where the traditional African rice is easier to break), Thailand, Bangladesh and elsewhere in South East Asia. In Vietnam, cơm tấm (literally "broken rice") is a popular rice dish with pork. Thieboudienne is a popular dish in west Africa often made with broken rice. Broken rice is called rice grist or middlins in South Carolina. In Bangladesh it is called khood. It is typically dressed with roasted peppers, garlic and mustard oil before having it on its own or with a side dish - usually the previous night's leftovers.
Very small broken rice is called brewers' rice, as brewers traditionally use it,[1][3][13][14] although it is also sold to other users. For example broken rice can be used for the petfood industry, and for livestock feeding and aquaculture.[15] Broken rice is also used to make starch which is used as laundry starch and in foods, cosmetics and textile manufacture.[16]
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National cuisines |
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Ethnic and regional cuisines |
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