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Achalk talk is an illustrated presentation in which the speaker draws pictures that emphasize lecture points and create a memorable experience for the listeners. Originally done with chalk on a blackboard, chalk talks can also use crayon, marker, or pastel on paper, or dry-erase markers on a whiteboard. Since their inception, chalk talks have been both a popular form of entertainment and a pedagogical tool.
One of the earliest chalk talk artists was a prohibition illustrator named Frank Beard (1842-1905).[1][2] Beard was a professional illustrator who published in The Ram's Horn, an interdenominational social gospel magazine.[3] Beard's wife was a Methodist, and when the women of their church asked Beard to draw some pictures as part of an evening of entertainment they were planning, the chalk talk was born.[4] In 1896, Beard published Chalk lessons; or, The black-board in the Sunday school which he dedicated to the Rev. Albert D. Vail "Through whose simple Black-board teaching I was first led to search the Scriptures and my own heart."[2]
Like magic lantern shows and lectures, chalk talks, with their experience of real-time illustration, could be educational as well as entertaining.[5] Chalk talks began to be used for religious rallies[6] and became popular acts in vaudeville and at Chautuaqua assemblies[7]. Some performers, such as James Stuart Blackton created acts around "lightning sketches," drawings which were rapidly modified as the audience looked on. "Tricks" or illustrative techniques used by performers were called "stunts."[8]
Winsor McCay began doing vaudeville chalk talks in 1906.[9] In his The Seven Ages of Man vaudeville act, he drew two infant faces, a boy and a girl, and progressively aged them.[10][11] Popular illustrator Vernon Grant was also known for his vaudeville circuit chalk talks. Cartoonist and magicial Harlan Tarbell performed and published several chalk talk method books.[12] Pulitzer prize winning cartoonist John T. McCutcheon was a popular chalk talk performer,[8] and artist and suffragist Adele Goodman Clark set up her easel on a street corner to convince listeners to support woman suffrage.[13]
The primary goal is to improve student's learning an effective one. The wish is to use technology to enhance the traditional chalk and talk lecture, not to replace it. Specifically the wish to improve the quality of the lecture and the quality of the notes taken by the students during the lecture with the coming of technology. As students learn more during the lecture and take better quality notes, they will be more productive during their homework and study time if it is improved with an appropriate technology.[14] The preparation time for lecture method is approximately the same as for a traditional chalk and talk lecture. Teacher can create the file, print one copy, and develop the lecture notes in approximately the same amount of time as developing traditional chalk and talk lecture notes on blank paper. Everyone know how to surf the web and use a word processor, so there is no new software that must be learned to use this lecture process. The classroom must have a projector that is mounted in the ceiling and shines on the board and a computer installed in the classroom that is networked so that the faculty member can use the technology conveniently.[15] Technology has become available in the last few years that makes it much easier to prepare the lecture notes. The teacher is able to spend more time with students during class and less time writing and drawing on the board. The students are able to spend more time thinking and less time on writing. In the end the teacher can feel they are providing a better learning experience to their students.[16]
Chalk talks contributed to the development of early animated films, such as The Enchanted Drawing, by J. Stuart Blackton and his partner, Alfred E. Smith.[11]
Chalk Talk in academics is a silent way to construct collaborative mind-maps or other diagrams with the intent to "reflect, generate ideas, check on learning, develop projects, or solve problems."[citation needed]
A chalk talk is often a part of the interview process for a faculty position in academia, wherein the candidates detail their research plans [17]
Chalk talks are often used by athletic coaches before and during games to diagram certain types of plays or strategies. This is very effective when game planning and making in-game adjustments because it creates a visual for the players.
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