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{{short description|American astronaut (born 1979)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox astronaut
| name          = Christina Koch
| other_names   = 
| image         = Christina Koch official portrait in an EMU.jpg
| image_size    = 
| caption       = Koch in 2018, wearing an [[Extravehicular Mobility Unit|EMU]] suit
| type          = [[NASA]] Astronaut
| nationality   = American
| status        = Active
|birth_name=Christina Hammock
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1979|1|29}}
| birth_place   = [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]], U.S.
| death_date    = 
| death_place   = 
| occupation    = 
| current_occupation = 
| previous_occupation = 
| alma_mater    = [[North Carolina State University]]
| rank          = 
| space_time    = 328 days 13 hours 58 minutes
| selection     = [[NASA Astronaut Group 21|2013 NASA Group]]
| evas          = 6
| eva_time      = 42h 15min
| missions      = [[Soyuz MS-12]]/[[Soyuz MS-13]] ([[Expedition 59]]/[[Expedition 60|60]]/[[Expedition 61|61]]), [[Artemis 2]]
| insignia      =[[File:ISS Expedition 59 Patch.svg|50px|alt=ISS Expedition 59 logo]] [[File:ISS Expedition 60 Patch.svg|45px|alt=ISS Expedition 60 logo]] [[File:ISS Expedition 61 Patch.svg|50px|alt=ISS Expedition 61 logo]]
| retirement    = 
| awards        = 
}}

'''Christina Hammock Koch''' ({{IPAc-en|k|U|k}} {{respell|COOK}}; born January 29, 1979) is an American [[engineer]] and [[NASA]] astronaut of the class of 2013.<ref name="NASA">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/2013astroclass.html|title=2013 Astronaut Class|url-status=live|last1=Roberts|first1=Jason|website=[[NASA]]|access-date=June 19, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621011402/http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/2013astroclass.html|archive-date=June 21, 2013|date=August 3, 2017}}</ref><ref name=astronauttraining>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-newest-astronauts-complete-training |title=NASA's Newest Astronauts Complete Training |date=July 9, 2015 |website=NASA }}</ref> She received Bachelor of Science degrees in [[electrical engineering]] and [[physics]] and a Master of Science in electrical engineering at [[North Carolina State University]].<ref name=nasabio /> She also did advanced study while working at the [[Goddard Space Flight Center]].  Just before becoming an astronaut, she served at the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] as station chief for [[American Samoa]].<ref>{{cite news |title=NASA announces eight new astronauts, half are women |url=http://phys.org/news/2013-06-nasa-astronauts-women.html |newspaper=Phys.org |date=June 17, 2013|access-date=October 21, 2019}}</ref>

On March 14, 2019, Koch launched to the [[International Space Station]] as a Flight Engineer on [[Expedition 59]], [[Expedition 60|60]] and [[Expedition 61|61]]. On October 18, 2019, she and [[Jessica Meir]] were the first women to participate in an all-female [[spacewalk]] to replace a down power control unit located outside of the International Space Station.<ref name="NYT-20200206">{{cite news |last=Kowal |first=Mary Robinette |title=Christina Koch Lands on Earth, and Crosses a Threshold for Women in Space - The astronaut completed three all-female spacewalks and set a record for time in space, but you should remember her for much more. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/06/science/christina-koch-nasa-astronaut.html |date=February 6, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 6, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=DK Smithsonian Space: a visual encyclopedia|publisher=DK Publishing|year=2020|isbn=978-1465494252|edition=2nd|location=New York|pages=97|chapter=Space walking}}</ref> On December 28, 2019, Koch broke the record for longest continuous time in space by a woman.<ref name="SFN-20191230">{{cite news |last=Harwood |first=William |title=Koch marks record stay in space for female astronaut |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/12/30/koch-marks-record-stay-in-space-for-female-astronaut/ |date=December 30, 2019 |work=SpaceFlightNow.com |access-date=December 31, 2019 }}</ref> She returned from space on February 6, 2020.<ref name=Rincon>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51387464 |title=New female space record for Nasa astronaut |last=Rincon |first=Paul |date=February 6, 2020 |work=BBC News |access-date=February 6, 2020 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Koch was selected as part of the crew for the [[Artemis 2|Artemis II]] flight, which intends to circle the Moon in 2024.

Koch was included in [[Time 100|''Time''{{'}}s 100]] Most Influential People of 2020.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Astronauts Christina Koch and Jessica Meir: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2020/5888216/all-women-spacewalk-christina-koch-jessica-meir/|access-date=September 23, 2020|magazine=Time}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Christina was born in [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mlive.com/news/2019/03/nasas-first-all-women-spacewalk-features-michigan-native.html|title=NASA's first all-women spacewalk features Michigan native|last=Raven|first=Benjamin|date=March 8, 2019|website=mlive.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref> and raised in [[Jacksonville, North Carolina]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc11.tv/2BPMj0b|title=NASA astronaut, NC State grad Christina Koch ready for first space flight in March|last=Rupinta|first=Amber|date=February 26, 2019|website=ABC11 Raleigh-Durham|language=en|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref> by parents Barbara Johnsen of [[Frederick, Maryland]], and Ronald Hammock of Jacksonville.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/christina-hammock-koch/biography|title=Christina Hammock Koch NASA Astronaut|last=Whiting|first=Melanie|date=November 27, 2015|website=NASA|access-date=March 29, 2019}}</ref> Koch's childhood dream was to become an astronaut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jdnews.com/news/20190227/jacksonville-astronaut-will-carry-dreams-of-everyone-to-space|title=Jacksonville astronaut will 'carry the dreams of everyone' to space|last=Staff|first=Daily News|website=The Daily News|language=en|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref>

Koch graduated from the [[North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics]] in Durham in 1997, and then enrolled at [[North Carolina State University]] in Raleigh, from which she earned two Bachelor of Science degrees, in [[electrical engineering]] and [[physics]] (2001), and a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering (2002).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ece.ncsu.edu/2019/02/alumna-astronaut-prepares-to-launch-to-the-iss/|title=Alumna Astronaut Prepares to Launch to the ISS • Electrical and Computer Engineering|date=February 20, 2019|website=NC State University {{!}} Electrical and Computer Engineering|language=en-US|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In 2001, she became a graduate of the NASA Academy program at the [[Goddard Space Flight Center]].<ref name=":0" />

== Research and training ==
[[File:Astronaut Candidates Light a Fire (39330542634).jpg|left|thumb|Koch signals her success in starting a fire during wilderness survival training in 2013]]

Koch has worked in the space science instrument development and remote scientific field engineering fields. During her time working as an electrical engineer at NASA GSFC's Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, she contributed to scientific instruments on several NASA missions that studied [[astrophysics]] and [[cosmology]].<ref name=":0" /> During this time, she also served as Adjunct Faculty at [[Montgomery College]] in Maryland and led a Physics Laboratory course.<ref name=":0" />

Koch worked as a Research Associate in the [[United States Antarctic Program]] from 2004 to 2007, spending three-and-a-half years traveling the Arctic and Antarctic regions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="business_nc">{{Cite web|url=http://businessnc.com/n-c-state-grad-joins-space-race/|title=N.C. State grad joins space race|last=Herman|first=Danielle|date=July 30, 2018|website=Business North Carolina|language=en-US|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref> She completed a winter-over season at the [[Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station]] where she experienced minus-111 degree Fahrenheit (-79.4 C) temperatures.<ref name="business_nc" /> She completed an additional season at [[Palmer Station]]. While in Antarctica, Koch served as a member of the Firefighting Teams and Ocean/Glacier Search and Rescue Teams.<ref name=":0" /> She has described her time in the South Pole as challenging mentally and physically:<ref name="business_nc" /> "[This] means going months without seeing the sun, with the same crew, and without shipments of mail or fresh food. The isolation, absence of family and friends, and lack of new sensory inputs are all conditions that you must find a strategy to thrive within."<ref name="spaceref">{{Cite web|url=http://spaceref.com/antarctica-1/antarctica-provides-ice-to-study-behavior-effects-in-astronauts.html|title=Antarctica Provides ICE to Study Behavior Effects in Astronauts – SpaceRef|website=SpaceRef|date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref>

From 2007 to 2009, Koch worked as an Electrical Engineer in the Space Department of the [[Applied Physics Laboratory]] at [[Johns Hopkins University]] focusing on space science instrument development.<ref name=":0" /> She contributed to instruments studying radiation particles for NASA missions, including the [[Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]] and [[Van Allen Probes]].<ref name=":0" />  The following year, Koch completed tours of Palmer Station in Antarctica and multiple winter seasons at [[Summit Station, Greenland|Summit Station]] in Greenland.<ref name=":0" /> In 2012, she worked at the [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]  (NOAA) in two capacities: first as a Field Engineer at NOAA's Global Monitoring Division Baseline Observatory in [[Barrow Alaska]] (now [[Utqiaġvik]]), and then as Station Chief of the [[American Samoa]] Observatory.<ref name=":0" />

== Astronaut career ==
Koch graduated from the [[NASA Academy]] program at GSFC in 2001. She worked as an Electrical Engineer in the Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics at GSFC from 2002 to 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spacecamp.com/social/2019-03-08/five-facts-about-space-camp-astronaut-alumna-christina-koch|title=Five Facts about Space Camp Astronaut Alumna Christina Koch!|date=March 8, 2019|website=Space Camp|publisher=U.S. Space and Rocket Center|access-date=April 19, 2019|archive-date=April 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419184546/https://www.spacecamp.com/social/2019-03-08/five-facts-about-space-camp-astronaut-alumna-christina-koch|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In June 2013, Koch was selected by [[NASA]] as part of [[NASA Astronaut Group 21|Astronaut Group 21]]. She completed training in July 2015, making her available for future missions.<ref name=astronauttraining /> Her Astronaut Candidate Training included scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in International Space Station systems, spacewalks, robotics, physiological training, [[Northrop T-38 Talon|T‐38]] flight training, and water and wilderness survival training.<ref name=":0" />[[File:Expedition 59 welcoming ceremony.jpg|thumb|Expedition 59 crew members [[Anne McClain]], [[Oleg Kononenko]], and [[David Saint-Jacques]] welcome their new crew members, [[Nick Hague]], [[Alexey Ovchinin]], and Koch (bottom right) who arrived at the [[International Space Station]] on March 14, 2019.]]
On March 14, 2019, Koch launched to the [[International Space Station]] on [[Soyuz MS-12]], alongside [[Aleksey Ovchinin]] and [[Nick Hague]], to join the [[Expedition 59]]/[[Expedition 60|60]]/[[Expedition 61|61]] crew.<ref name=nsf20190314>{{cite news |last1=Gebhardt |first1=Chris |title=Soyuz MS-12 docks with the Space Station |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/russian-americans-soyuz-ms-12-station/ |work=NASASpaceflight.com |date=March 14, 2019}}</ref>

Koch was scheduled to perform her first EVA on March 29; this would have been the first all-female spacewalk alongside [[Anne McClain]], but spacesuit sizing issues resulted in it being reassigned from McClain to Hague.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Berger |first1=Eric |title=It's unfortunate NASA canceled the all-female EVA, but it's the right decision |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/03/yes-nasa-has-canceled-an-all-female-spacewalk-no-its-not-a-conspiracy/ |work=Ars Technica |date=March 26, 2019 |language=en-us}}</ref> Koch performed the first all-female spacewalk with [[Jessica Meir]] on October 18, as part of a lengthy series of upgrades to the ISS' power systems and physics observatories.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iji5hTQ3CUo|title=NASA Astronauts Spacewalk Outside the International Space Station on Oct. 18|date=October 18, 2019|publisher=NASA|via=YouTube|access-date=October 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nu.nl/buitenland/6004873/voor-het-eerst-maakt-vrouwelijk-duo-ruimtewandeling-bij-iss.html|title=Voor het eerst maakt vrouwelijk duo ruimtewandeling bij ISS|language=nl|website=nu.nl|date=October 18, 2019|trans-title=For the first time a female duo is taking a space walk at ISS}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2019/10/18/nasa-tv-is-live-now-broadcasting-first-all-woman-spacewalk/ |title=NASA TV is Live Now Broadcasting First All-Woman Spacewalk |last=Garcia |first=Mark |date=October 18, 2019 |website=NASA Blogs |publisher=NASA |access-date=October 18, 2019 }}</ref>  Koch and Meir followed the historic walk with two more female team walks in January 2020.<ref name=Rincon/>

On April 17, 2019, due to reassignment schedules with the [[Commercial Crew Development]] program, Koch's mission was extended to February 2020. She returned to Earth on February 6 after 328 days – the longest single continuous stay in space for a woman, exceeding [[Peggy Whitson]]'s 289 days.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/record-setting-nasa-astronaut-crewmates-return-from-space-station|title=Record-Setting NASA Astronaut, Crewmates Return from Space Station|last=Northon|first=Karen|date=February 6, 2020|website=NASA|access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref> In addition, for a first-time astronaut, this NASA mission change has never happened before.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-first-flight-record-setting-mission|title=NASA Announces First Flight, Record-Setting Mission|last=Northon|first=Karen|date=April 16, 2019|website=NASA|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.afp.com/en/news/826/nasa-astronaut-set-record-longest-spaceflight-woman-doc-1fq3zd1 |title=NASA astronaut to set record for longest spaceflight by a woman |work=Agence France Press |access-date=April 17, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/c7a0a47b82f446e99964e4d467970de8|title=US astronaut to spend 11 months in space, set female record|last=Dunn|first=Marcia|date=April 17, 2019|website=AP NEWS|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref>  Koch's extended mission is being used to study the physical, biological, and mental effects of long-term space travel on women.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-space-exploration-koch-idUSKBN20007G |title=NASA astronaut Christina Koch returns to Earth after record mission |last=Roulette |first=Joey |date=February 6, 2020 |work=Reuters |access-date=February 6, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Koch was selected as one of the crew members for [[Artemis program|NASA's upcoming Artemis program]], slated for 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA: The Artemis Team|url=https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis-team/index.html|access-date=December 10, 2020|website=NASA}}</ref>
On April 3, 2023 she was announced as a mission specialist in the [[Artemis 2|Artemis II]] crew, which plans to "travel 6,400 miles beyond the moon's far side", flying around the Moon and back in 2024.<ref name = Maidenberg_WSJ20230403>{{cite web | author = Maidenberg, Micah | date = April 3, 2023 | title = NASA Names Artemis II Crew for Mission to Fly by Moon in 2024 | work = [[WSJ.com]] | url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/nasa-canadian-space-agency-select-astronauts-for-artemis-moon-mission-fb0a4b49 | access-date = April 3, 2023 | url-access = subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CaPcWrZqVEo |website=Youtube |publisher=CBS News |date=April 3, 2023 |title=Watch Live: NASA announces astronauts for Artemis II moon flyby mission | time = |access-date=April 5, 2023}}</ref> She will be joined by NASA astronauts [[Gregory R. Wiseman]], [[Victor J. Glover|Victor Glover]], and [[Canadian Space Agency]] astronaut [[Jeremy Hansen]].<ref name = Maidenberg_WSJ20230403/>

==Personal life==
Koch resides in Texas with her husband, Robert Koch.<ref name=nasabio>{{cite web |title=Christina Hammock Koch NASA Astronaut |url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/christina-hammock-koch/biography |website=NASA |access-date=March 15, 2019 |date=November 27, 2015}}</ref> She enjoys backpacking, rock climbing, paddling, sailing, running, [[yoga]], community service, photography, surfing and travel.<ref name=":0" />

== Awards and honors ==
Koch has won a number of awards during her tenure at NASA and Johns Hopkins, including the [[NASA Group Achievement Award]], NASA Juno Mission Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument, 2012; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Invention of the Year nominee, 2009; [[Antarctica Service Medal|United States Congress Antarctic Service Medal]] with Winter‐Over distinction, 2005; NASA Group Achievement Award, [[Suzaku (satellite)|NASA Suzaku Mission]] X‐ray Spectrometer Instrument, 2005; Astronaut Scholar, Astronaut Scholarship Foundation, 2000 to 2001.<ref name=":0" />

In December 2020, Koch was awarded an honorary Doctor of Sciences degree from her alma mater, North Carolina State University.<ref name="ncsu20201119">{{cite web |last1=Peeler |first1=Tim |title=Launching the Next Generation |url=https://news.ncsu.edu/2020/11/launching-the-next-generation/ |website=News |publisher=[[North Carolina State University]] |access-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116234312/https://news.ncsu.edu/2020/11/launching-the-next-generation/ |archive-date=16 January 2023 |date=19 November 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Artemis astronauts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Twitter|name=Christina H Koch}}
* {{Instagram|astro_christina}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5T37kIEXa8 5 Things You Didn't Know About Astronaut Christina Koch] – NASA [[Johnson Space Center]], March 13, 2019
* [https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hammock-cm.pdf NASA biography]
*{{C-SPAN|126686}}

{{NASA Astronaut Group 21|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koch, Christina}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:American astronauts]]
[[Category:American engineers]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration personnel]]
[[Category:North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics alumni]]
[[Category:North Carolina State University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Grand Rapids, Michigan]]
[[Category:People from Jacksonville, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Women astronauts]]
[[Category:Spacewalkers]]

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