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==Iconography== |
==Iconography== |
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The disposition of Juan Diego and the Virgin on the parchment and their physical attributes are paralleled to some extent by an engraving by [[ |
The disposition of Juan Diego and the Virgin on the parchment and their physical attributes are paralleled to some extent by an engraving by [[Antonio Castro]] which ornaments the second (and posthumous) edition of a work by [[Luis Becerra Tanco]] first published in Mexico in 1666 as ''Origen milagroso del santuario de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe'' and republished in Spain in 1675 as ''Felicidad de México''.<ref>Brading, p. 344</ref> The iconography of the Virgin on the parchment is notable for the absence of three features which have been an enduring part of the image: the aureole or golden rays framing her, the crown on her head, and the angel with folded cloth at her feet. The first and last features are still visible in the image preserved in the Basilica of Guadalupe on what is said to be Juan Diego's tilma or mantle, but the crown had disappeared by 1895, in circumstances which remain obscure.<ref>Brading, pp.304-307, 335.</ref> All three features can be seen in the earliest known representation of the tilma, painted in oil on panel dated 1606 and signed [[Baltasar de Echave Orio]].<ref>discussion and illustration in Victoria, pp. 137ff.; and see Brading, plate 10 at p. 105; also, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIeYmzv3CkC ''Painting a New World: Mexican Art and Life, 1521-1821''], Denver Art Museum, University of Texas Press, 2004, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yjIeYmzv3CkC&dq=%22Baltasar+de+Echave+Orio%22+%22Virgin+of+Guadalupe%22+1606+%22oil+on+canvas%22&pg=PA85 page 85]</ref> A sequence of marks on the fringe of the Virgin's mantle falling down over her left shoulder have been interpreted as stars but (as with the possible moon) are too vestigial to permit a secure identification. Following an infrared and ocular study of the tilma in 1979, Philip Callahan concluded that the moon, angel with folded cloth, aureole, and stars, were all later additions to the original image, made probably in that order beginning at an indeterminate time in the 16th century and perhaps continuing into the early 17th century.<ref>Callahan, pp. 6-13, esp. conclusions at pp. 9, 10, 13; summary conclusions 2 and 3 at p.18; and speculations at p.19</ref> |
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==Circumstances of its publication, ownership and location== |
==Circumstances of its publication, ownership and location== |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
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