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{{short description|Species of mammal}} |
{{short description|Species of mammal}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} |
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{{speciesbox |
{{speciesbox |
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| name = East African oryx |
| name = East African oryx |
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| status = EN |
| status = EN |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group |date=2018 |title=''Oryx beisa'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T15571A50191877 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T15571A50191877.en |access-date=18November 2021}}</ref> |
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| image = Common beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) female.jpg |
| image = Common beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) female.jpg |
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| image_caption = ''O. b. beisa'' (female)<br>[[Awash National Park]], [[Ethiopia |
| image_caption = ''O. b. beisa'' (female)<br>[[Awash National Park]], [[Ethiopia]] |
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| taxon = Oryx beisa |
| taxon = Oryx beisa |
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| authority = [[Rüppell]], 1835 |
| authority = ([[Eduard Rüppell|Rüppell]], 1835) |
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| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies |
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies |
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| subdivision = ''[[common beisa oryx|O. b. beisa]]''<br>''[[Fringe-eared oryx|O. b. callotis]]'' |
| subdivision = ''[[common beisa oryx|O. b. beisa]]''<br>''[[Fringe-eared oryx|O. b. callotis]]'' |
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| range_map = East African oryx Oryx beisa distribution map.png |
| range_map = East African oryx Oryx beisa distribution map.png |
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| range_map_caption = East African oryx range.<ref name="IUCN_map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2008. Oryx beisa. In: IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. {{cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org |title= |
| range_map_caption = East African oryx range.<ref name="IUCN_map">IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) 2008. Oryx beisa. In: IUCN 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. {{cite web|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org |title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |access-date=2014-06-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627000000/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ |archive-date=27 June 2014 }}. Retrieved 14 July 2015.</ref> |
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| range_map2 = East African oryx Oryx beisa distribution map 2.png |
| range_map2 = East African oryx Oryx beisa distribution map 2.png |
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| range_map2_caption = Enlarged distribution map.<ref name="IUCN_map" /><ref name="GLOBE">National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. [http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/gltiles.html Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) v.1.] Hastings, D. and P.K. Dunbar. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V52R3PMS [access date: 2015-03-16].</ref> |
| range_map2_caption = Enlarged distribution map.<ref name="IUCN_map" /><ref name="GLOBE">National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. [http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/gltiles.html Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) v.1.] Hastings, D. and P.K. Dunbar. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V52R3PMS [access date: 2015-03-16].</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''East African oryx''' (''Oryx beisa''), also known as the '''beisa'''<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Grubb|id=14200953}}</ref> is a species of [[antelope]] from [[East Africa]]. It has two [[subspecies]]: the [[common beisa oryx]] (''Oryx beisa beisa'') found in [[steppe]] and semidesert throughout the [[Horn of Africa]] and north of the [[Tana River (Kenya)|Tana River]], and the [[fringe-eared oryx]] (''Oryx beisa callotis'') south of the Tana River in southern [[Kenya]] and parts of [[Tanzania]]. In the past, some [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomists]] considered it a subspecies of the [[gemsbok]] (''Oryx gazella''), but they are genetically distinct; the [[Ploidy#Diploid|diploid chromosome]] count is 56 for the beisa and 58 for the gemsbok. |
The '''East African oryx''' ('''''Oryx beisa'''''), also known as the '''beisa''',<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Grubb|id=14200953}}</ref> is a [[species]]of medium-sized [[antelope]] from [[East Africa]]. It has two [[subspecies]]: the [[common beisa oryx]] (''Oryx beisa beisa'') found in [[steppe]] and semidesert throughout the [[Horn of Africa]] and north of the [[Tana River (Kenya)|Tana River]], and the [[fringe-eared oryx]] (''Oryx beisa callotis'') south of the Tana River in southern [[Kenya]] and parts of [[Tanzania]]. The species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN. |
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In the past, some [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomists]] considered it a subspecies of the [[gemsbok]] (''Oryx gazella''), but they are genetically distinct; the [[Ploidy#Diploid|diploid chromosome]] count is 56 for the beisa and 58 for the gemsbok.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The East African oryx stands just over a metre at the shoulder and [[weight|weigh]]s around {{ |
The East African oryx stands just over a metre at the shoulder and [[weight|weigh]]s around {{cvt|175|lb|kg}}. It has a grey coat with a white underside, separated from the grey by a stripe of black, with black stripes where the head attaches to the neck, along the nose, and from the eye to the mouth and on the forehead. The mane is small and chestnut-coloured; the ringed horns are thin and straight. They are found on both sexes and typically measure {{cvt|75|–|80|cm|in}}. Comparably, the gemsbok has an entirely black tail, a black patch at the base of the tail, and more black on the legs (including a patch on the hindlegs) and lower flanks. The smaller [[Arabian oryx]] is overall whiter with largely dark legs. |
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==Behaviour== |
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East African oryx live in semidesert and steppes, where they eat [[grass]]es, [[leaves]], [[fruit]] and [[bud]]s. They are able to store water by raising their body temperatures (so as to avoid [[perspiration]]). They gather in herds of five to 40 animals, often with females moving at the front and a large male guarding from the rear. Some older males are solitary. Radio tracking studies show the solitary males are often accompanied for brief periods by breeding-condition females, so it is probable they are executing a strategy to maximise their chances of reproduction. |
East African oryx live in semidesert and steppes, where they eat [[grass]]es, [[leaves]], [[fruit]] and [[bud]]s. They are able to store water by raising their body temperatures (so as to avoid [[perspiration]]). They gather in herds of five to 40 animals, often with females moving at the front and a large male guarding from the rear. Some older males are solitary. Radio tracking studies show the solitary males are often accompanied for brief periods by breeding-condition females, so it is probable they are executing a strategy to maximise their chances of reproduction. |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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<gallery widths="300" heights="200" perrow="1"> |
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<gallery> |
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File:Beisa, Tsawo-Wes, Tanzanië.jpg|Fringe-eared oryx (''O. b. callotis'') |
File:Beisa, Tsawo-Wes, Tanzanië.jpg|Fringe-eared oryx (''O. b. callotis'') |
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File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa).jpg|Common beisa oryx (''O. b. beisa'') |
File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa).jpg|Common beisa oryx (''O. b. beisa'') |
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File:Přímorožec beisa zoo praha 1.jpg|In captivity |
File:Přímorožec beisa zoo praha 1.jpg|In captivity |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Commons category|Oryx beisa}} |
{{Commons category|Oryx beisa}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q792143}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q792143}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:oryx, East African}} |
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[[Category:Oryx|East African oryx]] |
[[Category:Oryx|East African oryx]] |
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[[Category:Mammals of Ethiopia]] |
[[Category:Mammals of Ethiopia]] |
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| East African oryx | |
|---|---|
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| O. b. beisa (female) Awash National Park, Ethiopia | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Hippotraginae |
| Genus: | Oryx |
| Species: |
O. beisa
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| Binomial name | |
| Oryx beisa (Rüppell, 1835) | |
| Subspecies | |
| |
| East African oryx range.[2] | |
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| Enlarged distribution map.[2][3] | |
The East African oryx (Oryx beisa), also known as the beisa,[4] is a species of medium-sized antelope from East Africa. It has two subspecies: the common beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) found in steppe and semidesert throughout the Horn of Africa and north of the Tana River, and the fringe-eared oryx (Oryx beisa callotis) south of the Tana River in southern Kenya and parts of Tanzania. The species is listed as Endangered by the IUCN.
In the past, some taxonomists considered it a subspecies of the gemsbok (Oryx gazella), but they are genetically distinct; the diploid chromosome count is 56 for the beisa and 58 for the gemsbok.[citation needed]
The East African oryx stands just over a metre at the shoulder and weighs around 175 lb (79 kg). It has a grey coat with a white underside, separated from the grey by a stripe of black, with black stripes where the head attaches to the neck, along the nose, and from the eye to the mouth and on the forehead. The mane is small and chestnut-coloured; the ringed horns are thin and straight. They are found on both sexes and typically measure 75–80 cm (30–31 in). Comparably, the gemsbok has an entirely black tail, a black patch at the base of the tail, and more black on the legs (including a patch on the hindlegs) and lower flanks. The smaller Arabian oryx is overall whiter with largely dark legs.
East African oryx live in semidesert and steppes, where they eat grasses, leaves, fruit and buds. They are able to store water by raising their body temperatures (so as to avoid perspiration). They gather in herds of five to 40 animals, often with females moving at the front and a large male guarding from the rear. Some older males are solitary. Radio tracking studies show the solitary males are often accompanied for brief periods by breeding-condition females, so it is probable they are executing a strategy to maximise their chances of reproduction.
| Oryx beisa |
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| Antilope beisa |
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