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[[Project Gemini]] was conceived as a bridge between America's single-seat [[Project Mercury]] and the three-seat [[Project Apollo]]. With a design largely extrapolated from its predecessor,<ref name="Orloff"/>{{rp|71}} the Gemini spacecraft would allow two astronauts to conduct the maneuvers inherent in Apollo's lunar mission: rendezvous, docking, and changing of orbit. Moreover, Gemini would support astronauts in space for extended flights, approximating the expected length of the Apollo missions.<ref name="Orloff">{{cite book |last1=Hacker |first1=Barton C. |last2=Grimwood |first2=James M. |title=On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm |access-date=March 11, 2019 |series=NASA History Series |orig-year=First published 1977 |date=February 2003 |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=9781493775910 |id=NASA SP-4203 |chapter=Table of Contents |chapter-url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113132344/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|55–74}} |
[[Project Gemini]] was conceived as a bridge between America's single-seat [[Project Mercury]] and the three-seat [[Project Apollo]]. With a design largely extrapolated from its predecessor,<ref name="Orloff"/>{{rp|71}} the Gemini spacecraft would allow two astronauts to conduct the maneuvers inherent in Apollo's lunar mission: rendezvous, docking, and changing of orbit. Moreover, Gemini would support astronauts in space for extended flights, approximating the expected length of the Apollo missions.<ref name="Orloff">{{cite book |last1=Hacker |first1=Barton C. |last2=Grimwood |first2=James M. |title=On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm |access-date=March 11, 2019 |series=NASA History Series |orig-year=First published 1977 |date=February 2003 |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=9781493775910 |id=NASA SP-4203 |chapter=Table of Contents |chapter-url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113132344/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4203/toc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|55–74}} |
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Its two-person capacity and greater capabilities meant that Gemini would be a substantially heavier spacecraft than Mercury had been — too heavy to be lofted into orbit by Mercury's [[Atlas LV-3B|Atlas]] rocket. A replacement was needed. The newly developed Titan II ICBM (which had also been tapped by the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] for its [[ |
Its two-person capacity and greater capabilities meant that Gemini would be a substantially heavier spacecraft than Mercury had been — too heavy to be lofted into orbit by Mercury's [[Atlas LV-3B|Atlas]] rocket. A replacement was needed. The newly developed Titan II ICBM (which had also been tapped by the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] for its [[X-20]] spaceplane project) was an attractive replacement. It had a thrust some two and a half times that of the Atlas, a far simpler mechanical construction, and the ability to store propellants indefinitely. Moreover, the Titan II's propellants mixed less violently than those of Atlas meaning a booster explosion, should it happen, would be less violent. This made obsolete the heavy escape tower used in the Mercury program; instead, ejection seats could be used.<ref name="Orloff"/>{{rp|41–42}} |
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The primary goal of the first Gemini mission was to flight test the [[Titan II GLV|modified Titan II launch vehicle]] and the basic structural soundness of the Gemini capsule under launch and orbital conditions. Consequently, the first Gemini capsule could be a largely boilerplate structure.<ref name="Orloff"/>{{rp|181}} Secondary goals of the mission included testing the remote guidance systems, the Titan's redundancy systems, and evaluation of the Gemini-Titan malfunction detection system.<ref name=avweek1964a>{{cite magazine| date = April 13, 1964| title = First Successful Gemini Mission Points to Manned Flight in 1964| url = http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19640413#!&pid=28| magazine = Aviation Week and Space Technology| location = New York| publisher = McGraw Hill Publishing Company| access-date = March 14, 2019}}</ref> |
The primary goal of the first Gemini mission was to flight test the [[Titan II GLV|modified Titan II launch vehicle]] and the basic structural soundness of the Gemini capsule under launch and orbital conditions. Consequently, the first Gemini capsule could be a largely boilerplate structure.<ref name="Orloff"/>{{rp|181}} Secondary goals of the mission included testing the remote guidance systems, the Titan's redundancy systems, and evaluation of the Gemini-Titan malfunction detection system.<ref name=avweek1964a>{{cite magazine| date = April 13, 1964| title = First Successful Gemini Mission Points to Manned Flight in 1964| url = http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19640413#!&pid=28| magazine = Aviation Week and Space Technology| location = New York| publisher = McGraw Hill Publishing Company| access-date = March 14, 2019}}</ref> |
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