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{{Short description|Scottish-built steam yacht sunk in Lake Superior}}
{{coord|48|47|03|N|87|25|20|W|display=title}}
{{Use British English|date = December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = December 2020}}
{| {{Infobox ship begin|display title = ''Gunilda''}}
{{ Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Gunilda.jpg
| Ship caption = ''Gunilda'' before she sank
}}
{{ Infobox ship career
| Hide header =
| Ship country = [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|civil}}
| Ship name = ''Gunilda''
| Ship namesake = Variant of [[Gunhild]], an old [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] feminine name meaning "war"
| Ship owner = * J. M. Sladen or A. R. & J. M. Sladen (1897–1898)
* F. W. Sykes (1898-1903)
| Ship registry = * [[Wivenhoe]], [[England]] (1897–1898)
* [[Leith, Scotland]] (1898–1903)
| Ship identification = UK [[official number]]&nbsp;104928
}}
{{ Infobox ship career
|Hide header = title
| Ship name =
| Ship country = [[United States]]
| Ship flag = [[File:Flag of the United States (1908–1912).svg|60px]]
| Ship owner = [[William L. Harkness]] (1903-1911)
| Ship operator = [[New York Yacht Club]]
| Ship ordered =
| Ship registry = * [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] (1903–1904)
* [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]] (1904–1911)
| Ship builder = [[Ramage & Ferguson]], Leith, Scotland
| Ship yard number = 149
| Ship laid down =
| Ship launched = April 1, 1897
| Ship identification = US official number unknown
| Ship acquired =
| Ship in service = 1897
| Ship out of service = August 11, 1911
| Ship fate = Sank off [[Rossport, Ontario]]
| Ship notes = }}
{{ Infobox ship characteristics
| Ship header =
| Header caption =
| Ship class = [[Yacht]]
| Ship tonnage = * {{GRT|385}}
* {{NRT|158}}
| Ship length = {{convert|195|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|24.7|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship draft = {{convert|12|ft|m}}/{{convert|14.2|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship power = 2 × 160 [[pounds per square inch|psi]] [[Boiler (power generation)|turbine boiler]]s
| Ship propulsion = [[Triple expansion steam engine]]
| Ship speed = {{convert|14|kn|mph}}
| Ship crew =
| Ship notes =
}}
|}

'''''Gunilda''''' was a steel-hulled Scottish-built [[steam yacht]] in service between her construction in 1897 and her sinking in [[Lake Superior]] in 1911. Built in 1897 in [[Leith, Scotland]] by [[Ramage & Ferguson]] for J. M. or A. R. & J. M. Sladen, and became owned by F. W. Sykes in 1898; her first and second owners were all from [[England]]. In 1901, ''Gunilda'' was chartered by a member of the [[New York Yacht Club]], sailing across the [[Atlantic Ocean]] with a complement of 25 crewmen. In 1903, she was purchased by [[oil baron]] [[William L. Harkness]] of [[Cleveland, Ohio]], a member of the New York Yacht Club; she ended up becoming the club's flagship. Under Harkness' ownership, ''Gunilda'' visited many parts of the world, including the [[Caribbean]], and beginning in 1910, the [[Great Lakes]].

In the summer of 1911, ''Gunilda''{{'s}} owner, William L. Harkness, his family and friends were on an extended tour of [[North Shore (Lake Superior)|northern]] [[Lake Superior]]. They were headed to [[Rossport, Ontario]] and then planned to head into [[Lake Nipigon]] to do some fishing for [[Brook trout|speckled trout]]. As she was about {{convert|5|mi|km}} away from Rossport, ''Gunilda'' ran hard aground onto McGarvey Shoal on the north side of Copper Island. Most of the passengers were taken to Rossport. Harkness stayed behind to supervise the salvage, hiring the tug ''James Whalen'' and a barge to tow ''Gunilda'' off the shoal. On August 11, 1911, after she was pulled free, she suddenly rolled over to starboard, filled with water, and sank. Harkness and his family were picked up by ''James Whalen''.

Her wreck was rediscovered in 1967 resting in {{convert|270|ft|m}} of water, completely intact, with even the [[gilding]] on the hull surviving. ''Gunilda''{{'}}s wreck was the subject of multiple failed salvage attempts. In the late 1960s, Ed and Harold Flatt made multiple unsuccessful attempts to salvage her. Throughout the 1970s, Fred Broennle also made several unsuccessful attempts to raise ''Gunilda''. In 1980, [[Jacques Cousteau]] and the [[Cousteau Society]] used the research vessel [[RV Calypso|''Calypso'']] and the diving saucer ''[[SP-350 Denise]]'' to dive and film the wreck. The Cousteau Society called ''Gunilda'' the "best-preserved, most prestigious shipwreck in the world" and "the most beautiful shipwreck in the world".

==History==
===Design and construction===
[[File:Gunilda blueprints.jpg|thumb|left|''Gunilda''{{'}}s [[blueprints]]]]
''Gunilda'' (UK [[official number]] 104928) was built in 1897 by [[Ramage & Ferguson]] in [[Leith, Scotland]]. Her hull number was 149.{{sfnp|Hanakova|2020}}{{sfnp|Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library|2020}}{{sfnp|Wrecksite|2012}} She was designed by Joseph Edwin Wilkins, a [[naval architect]] who worked for [[Cox & King]] of [[Pall Mall, London]], [[England]].{{sfnp|Hofman|1970}}{{sfnp|MacTaggart|2001}}{{sfnp|Grosjean|2008}} She cost about $200,000 to build.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Art Gallery of Ontario|2011}}{{sfnp|Maki|1977}} Her name is a variant of [[Gunhild]], an old [[Germanic languages|Germanic]] feminine name meaning "war". She was launched on April 1, 1897.{{sfnp|McLean|2021}}

Her steel hull was {{convert|195|ft|m}} long; one source states she had a length of {{convert|177|ft|m}}, another source states she had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|177.6|ft|m}} and a [[length between perpendiculars|below waterline length]] of {{convert|166.5|ft|m}}, her beam was {{convert|24.7|ft|m}} (one source states {{convert|24.58|ft|m}}. Several sources state she had a draft of {{convert|12|ft|m}}, several other sources state her draft was {{convert|14.2|ft|m}}, and one source states she had a draft of {{convert|14.16|ft|m}}.{{sfnp|Hanakova|2020}}{{sfnp|Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library|2020}}{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}} She had a [[gross register tonnage]] of 385 and a [[net register tonnage]] of 158.{{sfnp|Hanakova|2020}}{{sfnp|Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library|2020}}{{sfnp|Wrecksite|2012}}{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Bowling Green State University|2020}} She had a [[Thames Tonnage]] of 492 or 499 tons.{{sfnp|Grosjean|2008}}{{sfnp|Art Gallery of Ontario|2011}}{{sfnp|Swayze|2001}}

She was equipped by a [[triple expansion steam engine]] with pistons that had bores of {{convert|15|in|cm}}, {{convert|24|in|cm}}, and {{convert|37|in|cm}} and a stroke of {{convert|27|in|cm}}. The engine was powered by steam produced by two 160 [[pounds per square inch|psi]] [[Boiler (power generation)|turbine boilers]]. ''Gunilda'' was driven  by a single propeller and had a top speed of {{convert|14|kn|mph}} (some sources state {{convert|12|kn|mph}}).{{sfnp|Wrecksite|2012}}{{sfnp|Art Gallery of Ontario|2011}}{{sfnp|Info Superior|2017}}

===Service history===
[[File:Gunilda 6.jpg|thumb|Starboard-side view of ''Gunilda'']]
Between 1897 and 1898 ''Gunilda'' was owned by either J. M. Sladen or by A. R. and J. M. Sladen; her home port was [[Wivenhoe]] in [[England]].{{sfnp|McWilliam|1996|p=6}} Her second owner was F. W. Sykes, who owned her between 1898 and 1903, during which time her home port was Leith.{{sfnp|McWilliam|1996|p=6}} Her first and second owners were from England.{{sfnp|Grosjean|2008}}{{sfnp|Art Gallery of Ontario|2011}}

In 1901, ''Gunilda'' was chartered by a member of the [[New York Yacht Club]] of [[New York City]], sailing over the [[Atlantic Ocean]] with 25 crewmen on board. American press reports at the time of her arrival described her as a schooner, rigged with {{convert|4620|sqft|sqm}} of [[canvas]].{{sfnp|Art Gallery of Ontario|2011}}

In 1903, ''Gunilda'' was purchased by [[oil baron]] [[William L. Harkness]] of [[Cleveland, Ohio]]. Harkness was a member of the New York Yacht Club. When he purchased ''Gunilda'', she was officially registered in New York City and became the new [[flagship]] of the New York Yacht Club. In 1903, ''Gunilda''{{'}}s home port was [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], however, in 1904, it became [[New York City]].{{sfnp|McWilliam|1996|p=6}} Under the ownership of Harkness, ''Gunilda'' visited several parts of the world, making multiple trips around the Atlantic Ocean and the [[Caribbean]].{{sfnp|Wrecksite|2012}}{{sfnp|Art Gallery of Ontario|2011}}{{sfnp|McLean|2021}}{{sfnp|Info Superior|2017}} In 1910, Harkness brought ''Gunilda'' to the [[Great Lakes]] to perform an extended cruise.{{sfnp|Wrecksite|2012}}{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}

===Final voyage===
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 | header    = 
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 | header_background = 
 | footer    = ''Gunilda'' stranded on McGarvey Shoal
 | footer_align = left
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 | width     = 
 | image1    = Gunilda sinking in Lake Superior 1911.jpg
 | width1    = 150
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 | image2    = Gunilda sinking 1911.jpg
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}}
In 1911, [[William L. Harkness]], his family and his friends were on an extended tour of the [[North Shore (Lake Superior)|north shore of Lake Superior]]. In August 1911, the people on board had made plans to head into [[Lake Nipigon]] to fish for [[Brook trout|speckled trout]]. To sail into Lake Nipigon, ''Gunilda'' (manned by a crew of 20) needed to travel to [[Rossport, Ontario]], then into Nipigon Bay, and finally through the Schreiber Channel.{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}{{sfnp|Rutledge Pics|2016}}{{sfnp|Behrend|2018}}{{sfnp|Great Lakes Underwater|2014}}{{sfnp|Ricketts|2014}} When ''Gunilda'' docked in Coldwell Harbor, [[Ontario]], Harkness sought a pilot to guide them to Rossport and then into Nipigon Bay. Donald Murray, an experienced local man, offered his services for $15,{{sfnp|The Bay Adventures|2021}} but Harkness declined, claiming it was too much.{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}{{sfnp|Rutledge Pics|2016}}{{sfnp|Behrend|2018}}{{sfnp|Ricketts|2014}} The following day, ''Gunilda'' stopped in [[Jackfish, Ontario|Jackfish Bay, Ontario]] to load coal. Harkness once again inquired about a pilot. Harry Legault offered to pilot ''Gunilda'' to Rossport for $25 plus a train fare back to Jackfish Bay. ''Gunilda''{{'s}} captain, Alexander Corkum, and his crew thought the offer was reasonable, but Harkness once again declined. As the US charts did not indicate that there were any shoals on their intended course, Harkness decided to proceed without a pilot with accurate knowledge of the region. As she was about {{convert|5|mi|km}} off Rossport, ''Gunilda'', travelling at full speed, ran hard aground on McGarvey Shoal (known locally as Old Man's Hump). ''Gunilda'' ran {{convert|85|ft|m}} onto the shoal, raising her bow high out of the water.{{sfnp|Rutledge Pics|2016}}{{sfnp|Behrend|2018}}{{sfnp|Ricketts|2014}}{{sfnp|McKay|1980}}

After the grounding, Harkness and some his family and friends boarded one of ''Gunilda''{{'s}} [[motor launch]]es and travelled to Rossport, catching a [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] train to [[Port Arthur, Ontario]], where Harkness made arrangements for the Canadian Towing & Wrecking Company's tug ''James Whalen'' to be dispatched to free ''Gunilda''. The next day, on August 11 (some sources state August 29, one source states August 31), ''James Whalen'' arrived with a barge in tow.{{sfnp|Hanakova|2020}}{{sfnp|Wrecksite|2012}}{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Swayze|2001}}{{sfnp|Rutledge Pics|2016}}{{sfnp|Maritime History of the Great Lakes|1911}} The captain of ''James Whalen'' advised Harkness to hire a second tug and barge to properly stabilize ''Gunilda''.{{sfnp|Info Superior|2017}}{{sfnp|McKay|1980}} Harkness once again refused. As ''Gunilda'' didn't have any [[Bitts|towing bitts]], a sling was slung around her and attached to ''James Whalen'', and she pulled ''Gunilda'' directly astern. ''Gunilda''{{'s}} engines were reversed, but she remained on the shoal. They then tried to swing the stern back and forth, but this also failed. Wrecking master J. Wolvin{{sfnp|National Park Service|2020}} of ''James Whalen'' decided to pull solely to starboard, as it was impossible to maneuver her stern to the port.{{sfnp|Rutledge Pics|2016}}{{sfnp|Behrend|2018}}{{sfnp|Great Lakes Underwater|2014}}{{sfnp|Maritime History of the Great Lakes|1937}} ''Gunilda'' slid off the shoal, but as she slid into the water, she suddenly keeled over, and her masts hit the water. Water poured in through the portholes, doors, companionways, hatches, and skylights. ''Gunilda'' sank in a couple of minutes. As she sank, the crew of ''James Whalen'' cut the towline, fearing that ''Gunilda'' would pull her down as well. After ''Gunilda'' sank, the people who remained on her were picked up by ''James Whalen''.{{sfnp|Info Superior|2017}}{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}{{sfnp|Rutledge Pics|2016}}{{sfnp|Great Lakes Underwater|2014}}{{sfnp|Ricketts|2014}}

[[Lloyd's of London]] paid out a $100,000 insurance policy.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Info Superior|2017}}{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}

==''Gunilda'' wreck==
This ship is very well-preserved, as can be seen from photographs taken by a dive team in 2022.<ref>[https://www.catersnews.com/stories/amazing/century-old-sunken-ship-preserved-in-perfect-condition-beneath-lake-superior/ “Century old sunken ship preserved in perfect condition beneath Lake Superior”], [[Caters News Agency]] (2022).</ref>

===''Gunilda'' today===
[[File:Gunilda wreck.jpg|thumb|left|Illustration of ''Gunilda''{{'}}s wreck]]
The wreck of ''Gunilda'' was discovered in 1967 by Chuck Zender, who also made the first-ever dive to her. Her wreck rests on an even keel in {{convert|270|ft|m}} of water to the lake bottom, and {{convert|242|ft|m}} to her deck at the base of McGarvey Shoal. Her wreck is very intact, with everything that was on her when she sank still in place, including her entire [[superstructure]], [[binnacle|compass binnacle]], and both of her masts. Numerous artefacts including a piano, several lanterns, and various pieces of furniture remain on board.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Hagen|1980}}{{sfnp|Peake|2015}}{{sfnp|Save Ontario Shipwrecks|2018}}{{sfnp|Stitt|2013}} Most of the paint on her hull survives, including the [[gilding]].{{sfnp|McKay|1980}} In 1980, [[Jacques Cousteau]] and the [[Cousteau Society]] used the research vessel [[RV Calypso|''Calypso'']] and the diving saucer ''[[SP-350 Denise]]'' to dive and film the wreck. The Cousteau Society called ''Gunilda'' "the best-preserved, most prestigious shipwreck in the world" and "the most beautiful shipwreck in the world".{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}{{sfnp|Peake|2015}}{{sfnp|Save Ontario Shipwrecks|2018}}{{sfnp|Lindsay|2010}}{{sfnp|TBNewsWatch|2019}}
[[File:Gunilda-IMG 7819.JPG|thumb|Model of ''Gunilda'' in the [[Art Gallery of Ontario]]]]
Two divers have died on the wreck of ''Gunilda''. Charles "King" Hague died in 1970; his body was recovered in 1976. Reg Barrett from [[Burlington, Ontario]] died in 1989.{{sfnp|McKay|1980}}{{sfnp|Peake|2015}}{{sfnp|Lindsay|2010}}

In 2019 a blogger on the [[Professional Association of Diving Instructors]] Tecrec blogsite named ''Gunilda'' the second-best [[technical diving]] site in the world, after the German battleship [[SMS Markgraf|SMS ''Markgraf'']] in [[Scapa Flow]].{{sfnp|Lonardi|2019}}{{sfnp|Global Underwater Explorers|2019}}

On June 10 2024, Viking Polaris conducted archaeological and tourism dives on the famous “Gunilda” shipwreck with their manned submersibles CS7.43 “Ringo” and CS7.44 “George”.

The first Archaeological reconnaissance dives were piloted by Ant Gilbert (Sub Operations Manager / Chief Pilot), with Archaeologist (Chris McEvoy) and Aaron Lawton (Head of Expedition Operations) onboard.

The dives were conducted as part of an Archaeological Impact Assessment together with guidelines highlighted by the province of Ontario. These marked the first manned submersibles dives since the Cousteau society filmed the wreck in 1980 with the SP-350 Denise.

===Salvage attempts===
Ed and Harold Flatt of [[Thunder Bay, Ontario]] launched the first salvage attempt on ''Gunilda''. They used cranes and a barge to hook onto ''Gunilda''{{'s}} hull, managing to haul a piece of her mast up to the surface. They made another failed attempt in 1968, but a storm wrecked their barge and washed away most of their equipment.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Maki|1977}}{{sfnp|Info Superior|2017}}

In the 1970s, Fred Broennle made several attempts to raise ''Gunilda''. In August 1970 Broennle and his dive partner, 23-year old Charles "King" Hague, dove ''Gunilda''{{'s}} wreck. On August 8, 1970 Broennle and Hague anchored over the wreck, but there were complications during the dive; Hague dove first, dying in the process. Broennle tried to rescue him but got [[decompression sickness]].{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Maki|1977}}{{sfnp|Peake|2015}}{{sfnp|Lindsay|2010}}

In about 1973 or 1974 Broennle set up Deep Diving Systems to raise ''Gunilda''{{'s}} wreck, building several [[diving bell]]s and purchasing several barges, cranes, and a Biomarine CCR 1000 [[rebreather]]. Several of his earlier dives were unsuccessful.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Maki|1977}}{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2020}}

During the salvage efforts, Broennle recovered a [[brass]] grate from one of the [[skylight]]s.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}

In April 1976 Broennle bought the wreck of ''Gunilda'' from [[Lloyd's of London]] on the condition that he could raise her. On July 13, 1976 while exploring the wreck with [[underwater camera]]s, Broennle located Hague's remains close to the wreck, near the port side of the stern, and recovered them sometime later. In September 1976 Broennle planned to dive ''Gunilda'' with his submersible ''Constructor'', which cost Deep Diving Systems $1.5&nbsp;million to design and build. ''Constructor'' bankrupted Broennle and Deep Diving Systems, ending their salvage efforts.{{sfnp|The Rebreather Site|2012}}{{sfnp|Maki|1977}}{{sfnp|Peake|2015}}{{sfnp|Sumner|1999}}
In 1998, the story of Broennle's salvage efforts were made into a film, ''[[Drowning in Dreams]]''.{{sfnp|Lynch|2019}}{{sfnp|Sumner|1999}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite web |author = Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library |year = 2020 |title = Gunilda (1897, Yacht) |url = https://greatlakeships.org/details.asp?ID=2905202&n=1 |access-date = November 28, 2020 |publisher = [[Alpena County Library|Alpena County George N. Fletcher Public Library]] |location = Alpena, Michigan }}
* {{cite web |author = Art Gallery of Ontario |year = 2011 |title = Marking the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the steam yacht Gunilda |url = https://www.ago.net/gunilda |access-date = November 22, 2020 |publisher = [[Art Gallery of Ontario]] |location = Toronto, Ontario }}
* {{cite web |last = Behrend |first = Carl |year = 2018 |title = Adventure Bound: A Father and Daughter Circumnavigate the Greatest Lake in the World |url = http://www.sailingbreezes.com/Sailing_Breezes_Current/Articles/Aug08/Adventure_Bound-9.htm |access-date = November 24, 2020 |publisher = Sailing Breezes |location = Minneapolis, Minnesota }}
* {{cite web |author = Bowling Green State University |year = 2020 |title = Gunilda |url = https://greatlakes.bgsu.edu/item/435658 |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = [[Bowling Green State University]] |location = Bowling Green, Ohio }}
* {{cite web |author = The Bay Adventures |year = 2021 |title = Gunilda |url = https://btba.ca/dive-charters-trips/dive-charters-pricing/gunilda/ |access-date = January 22, 2021 |publisher = By The Bay Adventures |location = Nipigon, Ontario }}
* {{cite web |author = Global Underwater Explorers |year = 2019 |title = Documenting The Gunilda |url = https://gue.com/blog/gue-tv-documenting-the-gunilda/ |access-date = November 22, 2020 |publisher = [[Global Underwater Explorers]] |location = High Springs, Florida }}
* {{cite web |author = Great Lakes Underwater |year = 2014 |title = Diving the Gunilda |url = http://www.greatlakesunderwater.com/Gunilda.html |access-date = November 24, 2020 |publisher = J.R. Underhill Communications |location = Kalamazoo, Michigan }}
* {{cite web |last = Grosjean |first = François |year = 2008 |title = The 1913 Cox & King Catalogue of Yachts and Motor Boats |url = https://www.francoisgrosjean.ch/cox_and_king/vessels.html |access-date = November 22, 2020 |publisher = François Grosjean |location = Neuchâtel, Switzerland }}
* {{cite web |last = Hagen |first = Patricia |year = 1980 |title = Cousteau: by land, sea and air |url = https://digital.bentley.umich.edu/midaily/mdp.39015071754688/438 |access-date = November 23, 2020 |publisher = [[The Michigan Daily]] |location = Ann Arbor, Michigan }}
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* {{cite book |last = Hofman |first = E. |year = 1970 |title = The Steam Yachts: An Era of Elegance |publisher = John de Graff |location = Tuckahoe, New York }}
* {{cite web |author = Info Superior |year = 2017 |title = Gunilda, Great Lakes Deep Diving Pinnacle |url = https://infosuperior.com/blog/2017/10/02/podcastphotos-gunilda-great-lakes-deep-diving-pinnacle/ |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = Info Superior }}
* {{cite web |last = Lindsay |first = Dan |year = 2010 |title = Gunilda |url = http://www.sea-viewdiving.com/shipwreck_info/lake_superior/gunilda.htm |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402093936/http://www.sea-viewdiving.com/shipwreck_info/lake_superior/gunilda.htm |access-date = November 21, 2020 |archive-date = April 2, 2016 |publisher = Sea - View Imaging |location = Brantford, Ontario}}
* {{cite web |last = Lonardi |first = Sandro |year = 2019 |title = Technical Diving: The 10 Best Dive Sites in the World |url = https://tecrec.padi.com/2019/08/07/technical-diving-the-10-best-dive-sites-in-the-world/ |access-date = November 22, 2020 |publisher = [[Professional Association of Diving Instructors]] |location = Rancho Santa Margarita, California }}
* {{cite web |last = Lynch |first = Michael |year = 2019 |title = Diving the Gunilda in Lake Superior |url = http://michigandiver.blogspot.com/2019/04/divingthegunilda.html |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = Michigan Diver |location = Michigan, United States }}
* {{cite book |last = MacTaggart |first = R. |year = 2001 |title = The Golden Century: Classic Motor Yachts, 1830-1930 |publisher = W.W. Norton |location = New York City, New York }}
* {{cite web |author = Maritime History of the Great Lakes |year = 1911 |title = Gunilda (yacht), sunk, 29 Aug 1911 |url = https://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/57952/data?n=1 |access-date = November 26, 2020 |publisher = Maritime History of the Great Lakes |location = Ontario, Canada }}
* {{cite web |author = Maritime History of the Great Lakes |year = 1937 |title = How Big Shot Took $1,000,000 Crack on the Chin |url = https://images.maritimehistoryofthegreatlakes.ca/124611/data?n=2 |access-date = November 26, 2020 |publisher = Maritime History of the Great Lakes |location = Ontario, Canada }}
* {{cite web |last = McKay |first = Shona |year = 1980 |title = Time capsules beneath the Great Lakes |url = https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1980/10/13/time-capsules-beneath-the-great-lakes |access-date = November 23, 2020 |publisher = [[Maclean's]] |location = Toronto, Ontario }}
* {{cite book |last = McLean |first = David |year = 2021 |title = Leith-built luxury vessel lies at bottom of Ontario lake in 'spectacular' condition |url = https://www.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/heritage/leith-built-luxury-vessel-lies-at-bottom-of-ontario-lake-in-spectacular-condition-3176022 |access-date = June 19, 2021 |publisher = [[The Scotsman]] |location = Edinburgh, Scotland }}
* {{cite book |last = McWilliam |first = Scott |year = 1996 |title = Gunilda Revisited – Report on the Gunilda Shipwreck |url = https://www.academia.edu/27439624 |access-date = June 19, 2021 |publisher = [[Academia.edu]] |location = Brantford, Ontario }}
* {{cite web |last = Maki |first = Allan |year = 1977 |title = The lady in the lake — and the man who must have her |url = https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1977/8/22/the-lady-in-the-lake-and-the-man-who-must-have-her |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = [[Maclean's]] |location = Toronto, Ontario }}
* {{cite web |author = National Park Service |year = 2020 |title = SS Chester A. Congdon: Wreck Event and Survivor Accounts |url = https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/ss-congdon-wreck-event-and-survivor-accounts.htm |access-date = January 29, 2020 |publisher = [[National Park Service]] |location = Washington D.C. }}
* {{cite web |last = Peake |first = Rob |year = 2015 |title = Haunting video shows perfectly preserved wreck of classic steamship Gunilda |url = https://www.boatinternational.com/yachts/news/haunting-video-shows-perfectly-preserved-wreck-of-classic-steamship-gunilda--2065 |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = [[Boat International Media]] |location = London, United Kingdom }}
* {{cite web |last = Ricketts |first = Bruce |year = 2014 |title = The Gunilda Shipwreck |url = https://mysteriesofcanada.com/ontario/gunilda-shipwreck/ |access-date = November 24, 2020 |publisher = Mysteries of Canada |location = Canada }}
* {{cite web |author = Rutledge Pics |year = 2016 |title = Gunilda |url = https://rutledgespics.com/blog/2016/05/21/gunilda/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180611020339/https://rutledgespics.com/blog/2016/05/21/gunilda/ |archive-date = 11 June 2018 |publisher = Rutledge Pics }}
* {{cite web |author = Save Ontario Shipwrecks |year = 2018 |title = Gunilda |url = https://saveontarioshipwrecks.ca/buoysites/gunilda/ |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = [[Save Ontario Shipwrecks]] |location = Blenheim, Ontario }}
* {{cite web |last = Stitt |first = Scott |year = 2013 |title = Civil Disobedience Wreck Diving |url = https://divermag.com/hamilton-and-scourge-wrecks/ |access-date = November 23, 2020 |publisher = Divermag |location = North Vancouver, British Columbia }}
* {{cite web |last = Sumner |first = Luella |year = 1999 |title = Drowning in Dreams |url = https://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/vol6/no4/drowning.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161009131110/https://www.umanitoba.ca/cm/vol6/no4/drowning.html |access-date = November 21, 2020 |archive-date = 9 October 2016 |publisher = [[University of Manitoba]] |location = Winnipeg, Manitoba }}
* {{cite web |last = Swayze |first = David D. |year = 2001 |title = Great Lakes Shipwrecks - G |url = http://www.boatnerd.com/swayze/shipwreck/g.htm |access-date = November 22, 2020 |publisher = [[Boatnerd]] |location = Port Huron, Michigan }}
* {{cite web |author = TBNewsWatch |year = 2019 |title = Underwater archeologists to document Lake Superior shipwrecks |url = https://www.tbnewswatch.com/local-news/underwater-archeologists-to-document-lake-superior-shipwrecks-3-photos-1553392 |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = TBNewsWatch |location = Thunder Bay, Ontario }}
* {{cite web |author = The Rebreather Site |year = 2020 |title =  CCR 1000 by Biomarine |url = http://www.therebreathersite.nl/03_Historical/Biomarine_CCR1000/CCR1000.html |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = The Rebreather Site |location = The Netherlands }}
* {{cite web |author = The Rebreather Site |year = 2012 |title = Gunilda - Drowning in Dreams |url = http://www.therebreathersite.nl/03_Historical/Gunilda/Gunilda.htm |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = The Rebreather Site |location = The Netherlands }}
* {{cite web |author = Wrecksite |year = 2012 |title = SS Gunilda (+1911) |url = https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?59001 |access-date = November 21, 2020 |publisher = [[Wrecksite]] |location = Affligem, Belgium }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Gunilda (ship, 1897)}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02bOlUC1nxQ Gunilda 2001, by Terry Irvine via YouTube]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnOUiLAnIO8 Gunilda 2011 - 100 Years, by Terry Irvine via YouTube]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T6up9_9lIx8 Gunilda 2016, by Richard Kurzel via YouTube]
*[https://photos.liquidproductions.com/Gunilda/i-wN9wxPs Yacht Gunilda, by Liquid Productions]
*[https://www.superiortrips.com/NShoreShipwreckImages/Gunilda_Shipwreck.htm Gunilda, by Superior Trips]
*[https://www.shipwreckexplorers.com/gallery/index.php?/category/41#content Gunilda - Great Lakes Shipwreck Photos, by Shipwreck Explorers]

[[Category:1897 ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1911]]
[[Category:Ships built in Scotland]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Canada]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of Lake Superior]]
[[Category:Steam yachts]]
[[Category:Yachts of New York Yacht Club members]]
[[Category:Ships sunk with no fatalities]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of the Ontario coast]]
[[Category:Wreck diving sites]]

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Latin: A a Á á À à Â â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā Ã ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}

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