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the pinyin spellings (particularly aniangxie & dajiaotou) are extremely uncommon in English texts. Anyone wanting to research this topic would find little to no useful info under those spellings
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{{Chinese|s={{linktext|虎门}}|t={{linktext|虎門}}|p=Hǔmén|w=Hu-men|psp=Hu-mun|l=The Tiger Gate|pic=Humen Bridge-1.jpg|piccap=View of the [[Humen Pearl River Bridge|Humen Bridge]] over the strait|picsize=250px}} |
{{Chinese|s={{linktext|虎门}}|t={{linktext|虎門}}|p=Hǔmén|w=Hu-men|psp=Hu-mun|l=The Tiger Gate|pic=Humen Bridge-1.jpg|piccap=View of the [[Humen Pearl River Bridge|Humen Bridge]] over the strait|picsize=250px}} |
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{{Contains Chinese text}} |
{{Contains Chinese text}} |
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The '''Humen''', known historically by Europeans as the '''Bocca Tigris''' or '''Bogue''', is a narrow [[strait]] in the [[Pearl River Delta]] that separates [[Shiziyang]] in the north and [[Lingdingyang]] in the south near the town of [[Humen (town)|Humen]] in China's [[Guangdong]] Province. It is the site of the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]]'s discharge into the [[South China Sea]]. The strait is formed by the islands of |
The '''Humen''', known historically by Europeans as the '''Bocca Tigris''' or '''Bogue''', is a narrow [[strait]] in the [[Pearl River Delta]] that separates [[Shiziyang]] in the north and [[Lingdingyang]] in the south near the town of [[Humen (town)|Humen]] in China's [[Guangdong]] Province. It is the site of the [[Pearl River (China)|Pearl River]]'s discharge into the [[South China Sea]]. The strait is formed by the islands of Chuenpi ({{lang|zh-hans|穿鼻}}, <small>[[pinyin|p]]</small> ''Chuanbi'') and Anunghoy ({{lang|zh-hans|阿娘鞋}}, <small>[[pinyin|p]]</small> ''Aniangxie''; also called {{lang|zh-hans|威远}}, <small>[[pinyin|p]]</small> ''Weiyuan'') on the eastern side, and Taikoktow (大角头, <small>[[pinyin|p]]</small> ''Dajiaotou'') on the western side.<ref>Bingham, J. Elliot (1843). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8TGwqgOCFR0C Narrative of the Expedition to China from the Commencement of the War to Its Termination in 1842]'' (2nd ed.). Volume 2. London: Henry Colburn. p. 3.</ref> Since 1997, the strait has been traversed by the [[Humen Pearl River Bridge]]. |
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{{anchor|Names|Etymology|Toponymy}} |
{{anchor|Names|Etymology|Toponymy}} |
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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The [[Latin]]ate ''{{lang|la|Bocca Tigris}}'' is derived from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''{{lang|pt|Boca do Tigre}}'', which is a [[calque]] of the [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]] name {{lang|zh|{{linktext|虎門}}}}, literally meaning "The Tiger Gate".<ref name="taylor">Taylor 1898, p. 70</ref> The name ''Bogue'' is also a corruption of the Portuguese ''Boca''.<ref name="taylor" /> The name comes from the hill-tops or a rock said to resemble a tiger's head on the eastern side of Tiger Island,<ref name="hawks">Hawks, Francis L.; Perry, Matthew (1857). ''[https://archive.org/details/narrativeofexped05perr Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan]''. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 161.</ref><ref>Taylor 1898, p. 277</ref> about {{convert|2|miles |
The [[Latin]]ate ''{{lang|la|Bocca Tigris}}'' is derived from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''{{lang|pt|Boca do Tigre}}'', which is a [[calque]] of the [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Cantonese language|Cantonese]] name {{lang|zh|{{linktext|虎門}}}}, literally meaning "The Tiger Gate".<ref name="taylor">Taylor 1898, p. 70</ref> The name ''Bogue'' is also a corruption of the Portuguese ''Boca''.<ref name="taylor" /> The name comes from the hill-tops or a rock said to resemble a tiger's head on the eastern side of Tiger Island,<ref name="hawks">Hawks, Francis L.; Perry, Matthew (1857). ''[https://archive.org/details/narrativeofexped05perr Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan]''. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 161.</ref><ref>Taylor 1898, p. 277</ref> about {{convert|2|miles}} above the Hengdang Islands in the middle of the strait.<ref>Bernard, William Dallas; Hall, William Hutcheon (1846). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2pZFAAAAIAAJ The Nemesis in China]'' (3rd ed.). London: Henry Colburn. p. 81.</ref> American Commodore [[Matthew C. Perry|Matthew Perry]], who later played a leading role in the [[opening of Japan]] to the West, noted that: "Although the resemblance is not at first very striking, it becomes quite obvious after examination".<ref name="hawks" /> |
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"Although the resemblance is not at first very striking, it becomes quite obvious after examination".<ref name="hawks" /> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:A view into the Bocca Tigris.jpg|thumb|250px|Mid-19th century painting showing the forts of Anunghoy Island on the right and South Wangtong Island on the left]] |
[[File:A view into the Bocca Tigris.jpg|thumb|250px|Mid-19th century painting showing the forts of Anunghoy Island on the right and South Wangtong Island on the left]] |
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[[File:Canton estuary.jpg|thumb|250px|An English map of the [[Pearl River Delta]], showing the Humen as the "Boca Tigris"]] |
[[File:Canton estuary.jpg|thumb|250px|An English map of the [[Pearl River Delta]], showing the Humen as the "Boca Tigris"]] |
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Because of its strategic location as the naval gateway to the city of [[Guangzhou]] ( |
Because of its strategic location as the naval gateway to the city of [[Guangzhou]] (Canton), the strait was strongly fortified under the [[Qing dynasty]]. It was defended by eight forts:<ref>Jacobs, Thomas Jefferson (1844). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0uA-AAAAYAAJ Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures in the Pacific Ocean]''. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 346.</ref> Shakok, Taikok, Wantung, Yung-an, Kung-ku, Chen-yuan, Ching-yuan, and Wei-yuan.<ref>Waley, Arthur (1958). ''The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes''. Woking, Surrey: George Allen and Unwin. ISBN 0049510126. pp. 130, 139.</ref> The first major battle of the [[First Opium War]] between the United Kingdom and China occurred at the entrance of the Humen in the [[Battle of Chuenpi|First Battle of Chuenpi]] on 3 November 1839. The British captured the Bogue forts in the [[Second Battle of Chuenpi]] on 7 January 1841 and the [[Battle of the Bogue]] on 23–26 February. The forts were recaptured on 2 April 1847 during the British [[Expedition to Canton]]. In the [[Second Opium War]], the British recaptured the forts in the [[Battle of the Bogue (1856)|1856 Battle of the Bogue]] on 12–13 November. |
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== Geography == |
== Geography == |
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{{coord|22.7933|113.5979|type:landmark_source:enwiki-googlemaplink|display=title}} |
{{coord|22.7933|113.5979|type:landmark_source:enwiki-googlemaplink|display=title}} |
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{{-}} |
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[[Category:Bodies of water of Guangdong]] |
[[Category:Bodies of water of Guangdong]] |
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| Humen | |||||||||
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View of the Humen Bridge over the strait
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| Traditional Chinese | 虎門 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 虎门 | ||||||||
| Postal | Hu-mun | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | The Tiger Gate | ||||||||
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Template:Contains Chinese text The Humen, known historically by Europeans as the Bocca TigrisorBogue, is a narrow strait in the Pearl River Delta that separates Shiziyang in the north and Lingdingyang in the south near the town of Humen in China's Guangdong Province. It is the site of the Pearl River's discharge into the South China Sea. The strait is formed by the islands of Chuenpi (穿鼻, p Chuanbi) and Anunghoy (阿娘鞋, p Aniangxie; also called 威远, p Weiyuan) on the eastern side, and Taikoktow (大角头, p Dajiaotou) on the western side.[1] Since 1997, the strait has been traversed by the Humen Pearl River Bridge.
The Latinate Bocca Tigris is derived from the Portuguese Boca do Tigre, which is a calque of the Chinese and Cantonese name 虎門, literally meaning "The Tiger Gate".[2] The name Bogue is also a corruption of the Portuguese Boca.[2] The name comes from the hill-tops or a rock said to resemble a tiger's head on the eastern side of Tiger Island,[3][4] about 2 miles (3.2 km) above the Hengdang Islands in the middle of the strait.[5] American Commodore Matthew Perry, who later played a leading role in the opening of Japan to the West, noted that: "Although the resemblance is not at first very striking, it becomes quite obvious after examination".[3]
Because of its strategic location as the naval gateway to the city of Guangzhou (Canton), the strait was strongly fortified under the Qing dynasty. It was defended by eight forts:[6] Shakok, Taikok, Wantung, Yung-an, Kung-ku, Chen-yuan, Ching-yuan, and Wei-yuan.[7] The first major battle of the First Opium War between the United Kingdom and China occurred at the entrance of the Humen in the First Battle of Chuenpi on 3 November 1839. The British captured the Bogue forts in the Second Battle of Chuenpi on 7 January 1841 and the Battle of the Bogue on 23–26 February. The forts were recaptured on 2 April 1847 during the British Expedition to Canton. In the Second Opium War, the British recaptured the forts in the 1856 Battle of the Bogue on 12–13 November.
22°47′36″N 113°35′52″E / 22.7933°N 113.5979°E / 22.7933; 113.5979
