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{{short description|Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite}} |
{{short description|Igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite}} |
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[[File:Ijolite (Oka Carbonatite Complex, Early Cretaceous, 124-125 Ma; Oka Niobium Mine, Quebec, Canada) (14822252052).jpg|thumb|'''Ijolite''' (Oka Carbonatite Complex, Early Cretaceous, 124-125 Ma; Oka Niobium Mine, [[Quebec]], Canada)]] |
[[File:Ijolite (Oka Carbonatite Complex, Early Cretaceous, 124-125 Ma; Oka Niobium Mine, Quebec, Canada) (14822252052).jpg|thumb|'''Ijolite''' (Oka Carbonatite Complex, Early Cretaceous, 124-125 Ma; Oka Niobium Mine, [[Quebec]], Canada)]] |
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'''Ijolite''' is an [[igneous rock]] consisting essentially of [[nepheline]] and [[augite]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kresten|first1=Peter|last2=Troll|first2=Valentin R.|date=2018|title=The Alnö Carbonatite Complex, Central Sweden|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-90224-1|journal=GeoGuide|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-90224-1|isbn=978-3-319-90223-4 |s2cid=135266142 |issn=2364-6497}}</ref> Ijolite is a rare rock type of considerable importance from a [[mineralogy|mineralogical]] and [[petrology|petrological]] standpoint. The word is derived from the first syllable of the Finnish words such as ''Iivaara'', ''Iijoki'', |
'''Ijolite''' is an [[igneous rock]] consisting essentially of [[nepheline]] and [[augite]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kresten|first1=Peter|last2=Troll|first2=Valentin R.|date=2018|title=The Alnö Carbonatite Complex, Central Sweden|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-90224-1|journal=GeoGuide|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-90224-1|isbn=978-3-319-90223-4 |s2cid=135266142 |issn=2364-6497}}</ref> Ijolite is a rare rock type of considerable importance from a [[mineralogy|mineralogical]] and [[petrology|petrological]] standpoint. The word is derived from the first syllable of the Finnish words such as ''Iivaara'', ''[[Iijoki]]''{{,}} and ''[[Ii, Finland|Ii]]'', all geographical names in [[Finland]], and the [[Ancient Greek]] ''Xiflos'', a stone. Ijolite occurs in various parts of the [[Kainuu]] region of eastern [[Finland]] and in the [[Kola Peninsula]] of northwest [[Russia]] on the shores of the [[White Sea]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Ijolite was first defined and named by Finnish geologist [[Wilhelm Ramsay]].<ref name=UppslagsverketFi>{{cite web |url=http://uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-103684-RamsayWilhelm |title=Ramsay, Wilhelm |last=Lindberg |first=Johan |date=January 19, 2011 |website=[[Uppslagsverket Finland]] |publisher= |access-date=November 30, 2017 |language=Swedish}}</ref> |
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The [[pyroxene]] is {{clarify span|text=morphic|explain=obscure term|date=January 2017}}, yellow or green, and is surrounded by formless areas of nepheline. The accessory minerals are [[apatite]], [[cancrinite]], [[calcite]], [[titanite]] and [[schorlomite]], a dark-brown titaniferous variety of [[melanite]]-[[garnet]]. This rock is the [[plutonic]] and holo-crystalline analogue of the [[nephelinite]]s -volcanic equivalent and nepheline-dolerites; it bears the same relation to them as the [[nepheline syenite]]s have to the [[phonolite]]s.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
The [[pyroxene]] is {{clarify span|text=morphic|explain=obscure term|date=January 2017}}, yellow or green, and is surrounded by formless areas of nepheline. The accessory minerals are [[apatite]], [[cancrinite]], [[calcite]], [[titanite]] and [[schorlomite]], a dark-brown titaniferous variety of [[melanite]]-[[garnet]]. This rock is the [[plutonic]] and holo-crystalline analogue of the [[nephelinite]]s -volcanic equivalent and nepheline-dolerites; it bears the same relation to them as the [[nepheline syenite]]s have to the [[phonolite]]s.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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Ijolite is an igneous rock consisting essentially of nepheline and augite.[1] Ijolite is a rare rock type of considerable importance from a mineralogical and petrological standpoint. The word is derived from the first syllable of the Finnish words such as Iivaara, Iijoki · and Ii, all geographical names in Finland, and the Ancient Greek Xiflos, a stone. Ijolite occurs in various parts of the Kainuu region of eastern Finland and in the Kola Peninsula of northwest Russia on the shores of the White Sea.[2] Ijolite was first defined and named by Finnish geologist Wilhelm Ramsay.[3]
The pyroxeneismorphic[clarify], yellow or green, and is surrounded by formless areas of nepheline. The accessory minerals are apatite, cancrinite, calcite, titanite and schorlomite, a dark-brown titaniferous variety of melanite-garnet. This rock is the plutonic and holo-crystalline analogue of the nephelinites -volcanic equivalent and nepheline-dolerites; it bears the same relation to them as the nepheline syenites have to the phonolites.[2]
Aleucite-augite rock, resembling ijolite except in containing leucite in place of nepheline, is known to occur at Shonkin Creek, near Fort Benton, Montana, and was earlier called missourite,[2] but is now regarded as a variety of leucitite.[4]
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ijolite". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 298.
