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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> |
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> |
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<!-- Basic info ----------------> |
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| name = Lüliang |
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| official_name = |
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| other_name = Lvliang, Lyuliang |
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| native_name = 吕梁市 |
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| native_name_lang = zh-Hans |
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| nickname = |
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|native_name_lang = zh-Hans |
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| settlement_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
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| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |
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|settlement_type =[[Prefecture-level city]] |
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| motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |
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| image_skyline = {{CSS image crop |
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|Image = 吕梁.png |
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<!-- images and maps -----------> |
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|bSize = 1300 |
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|image_skyline = 吕梁人民医院北侧-2006 - panoramio.jpg |
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|cWidth = 300 |
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|imagesize = |
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|cHeight = 181 |
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|image_caption = |
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|oTop = 0 |
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|image_seal = |
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|oLeft = 506 |
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|seal_size = |
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|Location = center |
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|image_shield = |
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}} |
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|shield_size = |
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| imagesize = |
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|image_blank_emblem = |
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| image_caption = Downtown [[Lishi District]] |
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|blank_emblem_type = |
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| image_seal = |
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| seal_size = |
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| image_shield = |
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| shield_size = |
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| image_blank_emblem = |
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| blank_emblem_type = |
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| blank_emblem_size = |
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| image_map = Location of Lüliang Prefecture within Shanxi (China).png |
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|image_dot_map = |
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| mapsize = |
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| map_caption = Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi |
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|dot_map_caption = |
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| image_map1 = |
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|dot_x = |dot_y = |
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| mapsize1 = |
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| map_caption1 = |
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| image_dot_map = |
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|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Shanxi |
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| dot_mapsize = |
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|pushpin_label_position = right |
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| dot_map_caption = |
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|pushpin_mapsize = 240 |
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| dot_x = |
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| dot_y = |
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|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |
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| pushpin_map = Shanxi |
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|subdivision_type1 = [[Province of China|Province]] |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Shanxi |
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Shanxi]] |
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| pushpin_label_position = right |
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|subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|County-level divisions]] |
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| pushpin_mapsize = 240 |
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|subdivision_name2 = 1 District <br /> 2 county-level cities <br /> 10 counties |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Province of China|Province]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Shanxi]] |
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|parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|County-level divisions]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = 1 District <br /> 2 county-level cities <br /> 10 counties |
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| seat_type = Municipal seat |
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| seat = Lishi District |
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| parts_type = |
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| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) |
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Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |
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|parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |
| parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |
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|p1 = |
| p1 = |
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|p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> |
| p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> |
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<!-- Politics -----------------> |
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = |
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| government_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
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|government_footnotes = |
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| leader_title = [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] Lvliang Secretary |
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|government_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
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| leader_name = Gao Weidong ({{lang|zh-hans|高卫东}}) |
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|leader_title = [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] Lvliang Secretary |
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| leader_title1 = Mayor |
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|leader_name = Gao Weidong ({{lang|zh-hans|高卫东}}) |
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| leader_name1 = Ding Xuefeng ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|丁雪峰}}) |
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|leader_title1 = Mayor |
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| leader_title2 = |
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|leader_name1 = Ding Xuefeng ({{lang|zh-Hans-CN|丁雪峰}}) |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| leader_title3 = |
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| leader_name3 = |
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| leader_title4 = |
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| leader_name4 = |
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| established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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| established_date = |
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|established_title = <!-- Settled --> |
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| established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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|established_date = |
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| established_date1 = |
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|established_title1 = <!-- Incorporated (town) --> |
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| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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|established_date1 = |
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| established_date2 = |
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|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (city) --> |
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| established_title3 = |
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| established_date3 = |
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|established_title3 = |
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| founder = |
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| named_for = <!-- Area ---------------------> |
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| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink --> |
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| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> |
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<!-- Area ---------------------> |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 21,143 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
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| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> |
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|area_footnotes = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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|area_total_km2 =21,143 <!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |
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| area_water_percent = |
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|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> |
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| area_metro_km2 = 1,323 |
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| area_urban_km2 = 1,323 |
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<!-- Elevation -------------------------->| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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| area_blank1_title = [[District (China)|Districts]]<ref name="CUCSY_2017"/> |
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| elevation_m = 952 |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| elevation_min_m = <!-- Population -----------------------> |
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| area_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017">{{cite book |editor1=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |editor-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=46 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> |
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| population_as_of = 2020 census |
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<!-- Elevation --------------------------> |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shanxi/admin/|title = China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map}}</ref> |
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|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |
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| population_note = |
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| population_total = 3,398,431 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |
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|elevation_min_m = |
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| population_metro = 456,355 |
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<!-- Population -----------------------> |
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| population_urban = 456,355 |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto |
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|population_footnotes =<ref name="Census2010">{{cite web|language=zh-cn|url=http://news.liulin.cc/lvliang/8400.html |script-title=zh:2010年吕梁市第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |access-date=30 August 2012}}</ref> |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = auto |
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|population_note = |
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| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{cite book |author=山西省统计局、国家统计局山西调查总队 |title=《山西统计年鉴－2021》|date=December 2021 |publisher=中国统计出版社 |isbn=978-7-5037-7824-7}}</ref> |
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|population_total =3,727,057 |
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| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]] |
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|population_density_km2 =auto<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> |
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| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 153.8 billion<br />[[US$]] 24.2 billion |
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| population_blank1_title = Districts<ref name="CUCSY_2017"/> |
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| demographics2_title2 = Per capita |
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| population_blank1 = 368000 |
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| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 45,256<br />US$ 7,241 |
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| population_urban = 276400 |
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| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="CUCSY_2017"/>|population_density_metro_km2 =auto |
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|population_density_urban_km2 =auto |
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<!-- General information ---------------> |
<!-- General information --------------->| timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]] |
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| utc_offset = +8 |
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| coor_pinpoint = Lüliang municipal government |
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| coordinates = {{coord|37.5190|N|111.1445|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-14_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |
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|coor_pinpoint = Lüliang municipal government |
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|coordinates = {{coord|37.5190|N|111.1445|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-14_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} |
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<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
<!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |
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<!-- Location ------------------> |
<!-- Location ------------------>| postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]] |
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| postal_code = 033000 |
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|postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]] |
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| area_code = 0358 |
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| blank_name = <!-- [[GDP]] --> |
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| blank_info = |
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| blank1_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of China|Licence plates]] |
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|blank_info = |
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| blank1_info = {{lang|zh-cn|晋J}} |
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|blank1_name =[[Vehicle registration plates of China|Licence plates]] |
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| blank2_name = [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]] |
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|blank1_info ={{lang|zh-cn|晋J}} |
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| blank2_info = 141100 |
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|blank2_name =[[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]] |
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| |
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-SX-11]] |
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| website = {{URL|www.lvliang.gov.cn}} |
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|iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-SX-11]] |
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| footnotes = |
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|website = {{URL|www.lvliang.gov.cn}} |
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}} |
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|footnotes = |
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}} |
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'''Lüliang'''<ref>Because of the relative difficulty in inputting the umlauted ü, the name |
'''Lüliang''' ({{zh|s=吕梁 |t=呂梁 |p=Lǚliáng}}), also spelled as '''Lvliang'''<ref>Because of the relative difficulty in inputting the umlauted ü, the name Lvliang is often used in government websites and road signages.</ref> or '''Lyuliang''', is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the western [[Shanxi]] province, [[People's Republic of China]]. It borders [[Shaanxi]] province across the [[Yellow River]] to the west, [[Jinzhong]] and the provincial capital of [[Taiyuan]] to the east, [[Linfen]] to the south, and [[Xinzhou]] to the north. It has a total area of {{convert|21143|km2}} anda total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the [[2020 Chinese census]],ofwhom 456,355 lived in the [[Lishi District]] metropolitan area.<!-- not notable |
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Frank Langfitt of [[National Public Radio]] described it as "a modest-sized city by Chinese standards".<ref name=Langfitt>Langfitt, Frank. "[https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150918034905/http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust Archive]).[[National Public Radio]]. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.</ref> |
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<!-- not notable |
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Frank Langfitt of [[National Public Radio]] described it as "a modest-sized city by Chinese standards".<ref name=Langfitt>Langfitt, Frank. "[https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6bbtrrGXa?url=http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust Archive]).[[National Public Radio]]. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.</ref> |
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--> |
--> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{expand section|date=September 2015}} |
{{expand section|date=September 2015}} |
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Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,<ref>Lvliang City, "[http://www.lvliang.gov.cn/zjll/llgl/llgk/ Overview of Luliang]" Retrieved on August 13, 2023.</ref> the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a [[Prefecture-level divisions of China|prefecture-level area]], and the area was reformed into a [[prefecture-level city]] in July 2004. |
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In 2010 the city had a GDP growth rate at 21%; at the time prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, and the city's mayor had strongly pushed for the plan. In 2014 the GDP declined by 2%. By 2015 due to a slowing economy plans in that city stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. By 2015 the mayor lost his job due to corruption.<ref name=Langfitt>Langfitt, Frank. "[https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust]" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6bbtrrGXa?url=http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust Archive]).[[National Public Radio]]. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.</ref> |
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In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor [[Zhang Zhongsheng]]. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.<ref name=Langfitt>Langfitt, Frank. "[https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust A 'Sense Of Crisis' Now In A Chinese Boomtown Gone Bust]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150918034905/http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/09/16/440822077/a-sense-of-crisis-now-in-a-chinese-boomtown-gone-bust Archive]).[[National Public Radio]]. September 16, 2015. Retrieved on September 17, 2015.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-28 |title=Death penalty for Chinese ‘godfather’ over US$160 million in bribes |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/policies-politics/article/2139335/death-penalty-godfather-chinese-coal-mining-town-over |access-date=2023-10-20 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> |
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The Chinese-American reproductive biologist [[Min Chueh Chang]] was born in Lüliang in 1908. |
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==Administration== |
==Administration== |
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| Line 155: | Line 160: | ||
{{Image label|x=1120|y=1870|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=[[Xiaoyi|'''Xiaoyi<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=1120|y=1870|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=[[Xiaoyi|'''Xiaoyi<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
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{{Image label|x=1190|y=1640|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=[[Fenyang|'''Fenyang<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
{{Image label|x=1190|y=1640|scale={{{1|450}}}/1800|text=[[Fenyang|'''Fenyang<br />{{small|(city)}}''']]}} |
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{{Image label end}} |
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<div> |
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</div> |
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|-- |
|-- |
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! # |
! # |
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| Line 161: | Line 167: | ||
! [[Hanzi]] |
! [[Hanzi]] |
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! [[Hanyu Pinyin]] |
! [[Hanyu Pinyin]] |
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! Population (2010 census)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lǚliáng Shì (Shānxī) (China): Cities, Districts and Counties & Townships - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/townships/luliang/ |access-date=2022-07-07 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref> |
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! Population (2003 est.) |
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! Area (km |
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) |
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! Density (/km |
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>) |
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|---------- |
|---------- |
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|1 |
|1 |
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| Line 169: | Line 175: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|离石区}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|离石区}} |
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|Líshí Qū |
|Líshí Qū |
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| |
|320,142 |
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|1,323 |
|1,323 |
||
| |
|242 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
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|2 |
|2 |
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| Line 177: | Line 183: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|孝义市}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|孝义市}} |
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|Xiàoyì Shì |
|Xiàoyì Shì |
||
| |
|468,770 |
||
| |
|934 |
||
| |
|502 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
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|3 |
|3 |
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| Line 185: | Line 191: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|汾阳市}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|汾阳市}} |
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|Fényáng Shì |
|Fényáng Shì |
||
| |
|416,212 |
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|1, |
|1,173 |
||
| |
|355 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
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|4 |
|4 |
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| Line 193: | Line 199: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|文水县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|文水县}} |
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|Wénshuǐ Xiàn |
|Wénshuǐ Xiàn |
||
| |
|421,199 |
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|1, |
|1,069 |
||
| |
|394 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
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|5 |
|5 |
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| Line 201: | Line 207: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|中阳县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|中阳县}} |
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|Zhōngyáng Xiàn |
|Zhōngyáng Xiàn |
||
| |
|141,374 |
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|1, |
|1,435 |
||
| |
|98 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
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|6 |
|6 |
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| Line 209: | Line 215: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|兴县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|兴县}} |
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|Xīng Xiàn |
|Xīng Xiàn |
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| |
|279,373 |
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|3, |
|3,164 |
||
| |
|88 |
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|---------- |
|---------- |
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|7 |
|7 |
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| Line 217: | Line 223: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|临县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|临县}} |
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|Lín Xiàn |
|Lín Xiàn |
||
| |
|579,077 |
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|2,979 |
|2,979 |
||
| |
|194 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
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|8 |
|8 |
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| Line 225: | Line 231: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|方山县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|方山县}} |
||
|Fāngshān Xiàn |
|Fāngshān Xiàn |
||
| |
|143,809 |
||
|1,433 |
|1,433 |
||
| |
|100 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
||
|9 |
|9 |
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| Line 233: | Line 239: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|柳林县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|柳林县}} |
||
|Liǔlín Xiàn |
|Liǔlín Xiàn |
||
| |
|320,676 |
||
|1,288 |
|1,288 |
||
| |
|249 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
||
|10 |
|10 |
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| Line 241: | Line 247: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|岚县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|岚县}} |
||
|Lán Xiàn |
|Lán Xiàn |
||
| |
|174,182 |
||
|1,509 |
|1,509 |
||
| |
|115 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
||
|11 |
|11 |
||
| Line 249: | Line 255: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|交口县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|交口县}} |
||
|Jiāokǒu Xiàn |
|Jiāokǒu Xiàn |
||
| |
|119,918 |
||
|1,258 |
|1,258 |
||
| |
|95 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
||
|12 |
|12 |
||
| Line 257: | Line 263: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|交城县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|交城县}} |
||
|Jiāochéng Xiàn |
|Jiāochéng Xiàn |
||
| |
|230,521 |
||
|1,821 |
|1,821 |
||
| |
|126 |
||
|---------- |
|---------- |
||
|13 |
|13 |
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| Line 265: | Line 271: | ||
|{{lang|zh-hans|石楼县}} |
|{{lang|zh-hans|石楼县}} |
||
|Shílóu Xiàn |
|Shílóu Xiàn |
||
| |
|111,815 |
||
|1,736 |
|1,736 |
||
| |
|64 |
||
|} |
|} |
||
== Climate == |
== Climate == |
||
Lüliang has a [[monsoon]]-influenced continental climate, that, under the [[Köppen climate classification]], falls on the borderline between the [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] (Köppen ''BSk'') and [[humid continental]] (''Dwa'') regimes, and features large [[diurnal temperature variation]]. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from {{convert|−7. |
Lüliang has a [[monsoon]]-influenced continental climate, that, under the [[Köppen climate classification]], falls on the borderline between the [[semi-arid climate|semi-arid]] (Köppen ''BSk'') and [[humid continental]] (''Dwa'') regimes, and features large [[diurnal temperature variation]]. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from {{convert|−7.0|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|23.7|°C}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|9.5|°C|1}}. Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September. |
||
{{Weather box |
|||
|width = auto |
|||
|location = Lüliang (1971−2000) |
|||
|single line = Y |
|||
|metric first = Y |
|||
|Jan high C = −0.2 |
|||
|Feb high C = 3.9 |
|||
|Mar high C = 10.6 |
|||
|Apr high C = 19.2 |
|||
|May high C = 25.3 |
|||
|Jun high C = 28.9 |
|||
|Jul high C = 29.9 |
|||
|Aug high C = 28.0 |
|||
|Sep high C = 23.3 |
|||
|Oct high C = 17.0 |
|||
|Nov high C = 8.6 |
|||
|Dec high C = 1.6 |
|||
|Jan mean C = −7.5 |
|||
|Feb mean C = −3.4 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 3.5 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 11.4 |
|||
|May mean C = 17.6 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 21.7 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 23.3 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 21.5 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 16.0 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 9.4 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 1.6 |
|||
|Dec mean C = −5.5 |
|||
|Jan low C = −13.6 |
|||
|Feb low C = −9.5 |
|||
|Mar low C = −2.8 |
|||
|Apr low C = 3.9 |
|||
|May low C = 9.9 |
|||
|Jun low C = 14.3 |
|||
|Jul low C = 17.1 |
|||
|Aug low C = 15.9 |
|||
|Sep low C = 9.9 |
|||
|Oct low C = 3.2 |
|||
|Nov low C = -4.0 |
|||
|Dec low C = −11.1 |
|||
{{Weather box|width=auto |
|||
|Jan record high C = 13.3 |Jan record low C = -26.0 |
|||
|metric first=y |
|||
|Feb record high C = 22.6 |Feb record low C = −23.9 |
|||
|single line=y |
|||
|Mar record high C = 24.9 |Mar record low C = −16.1 |
|||
|collapsed = Y |
|||
|Apr record high C = 34.7 |Apr record low C = −9.6 |
|||
|location = Lüliang ([[Lishi District]]), elevation {{convert|951|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) |
|||
|May record high C = 36.7 |May record low C = −3.2 |
|||
| |
|Jan high C = 0.7 |
||
| |
|Feb high C = 5.7 |
||
| |
|Mar high C = 12.6 |
||
| |
|Apr high C = 20.1 |
||
| |
|May high C = 25.6 |
||
|Jun high C = 29.6 |
|||
|Jul high C = 30.6 |
|||
|Aug high C = 28.5 |
|||
|Sep high C = 23.6 |
|||
|Oct high C = 17.2 |
|||
|Nov high C = 9.4 |
|||
|Dec high C = 2.1 |
|||
|Jan mean C = -6.2 |
|||
|Feb mean C = -1.5 |
|||
|Mar mean C = 5.2 |
|||
|Apr mean C = 12.5 |
|||
|May mean C = 18.2 |
|||
|Jun mean C = 22.5 |
|||
|Jul mean C = 24.1 |
|||
|Aug mean C = 22.2 |
|||
|Sep mean C = 16.9 |
|||
|Oct mean C = 10.0 |
|||
|Nov mean C = 2.5 |
|||
|Dec mean C = -4.5 |
|||
|Jan low C = -11.4 |
|||
|Feb low C = -7.0 |
|||
|Mar low C = -0.8 |
|||
|Apr low C = 5.6 |
|||
|May low C = 11.1 |
|||
|Jun low C = 15.9 |
|||
|Jul low C = 18.7 |
|||
|Aug low C = 17.2 |
|||
|Sep low C = 11.7 |
|||
|Oct low C = 4.7 |
|||
|Nov low C = -2.4 |
|||
|Dec low C = -9.2 |
|||
|Jan record high C = 15.0 |Jan record low C = -26.0 |
|||
|Feb record high C = 22.7 |Feb record low C = -23.9 |
|||
|Mar record high C = 29.8 |Mar record low C = -16.1 |
|||
|Apr record high C = 35.5 |Apr record low C = -9.6 |
|||
|May record high C = 36.7 |May record low C = -3.2 |
|||
|Jun record high C = 40.6 |Jun record low C = 4.2 |
|||
|Jul record high C = 39.8 |Jul record low C = 10.2 |
|||
|Aug record high C = 37.2 |Aug record low C = 6.6 |
|||
|Sep record high C = 36.2 |Sep record low C = -2.0 |
|||
|Oct record high C = 29.4 |Oct record low C = -8.7 |
|||
|Nov record high C = 24.1 |Nov record low C = -20.0 |
|Nov record high C = 24.1 |Nov record low C = -20.0 |
||
|Dec record high C = |
|Dec record high C = 16.7 |Dec record low C = -24.9 |
||
|year high C = |year low C = |
|||
|year high F = |year low F = |
|||
|precipitation colour = green |
|precipitation colour = green |
||
|Jan precipitation mm = |
|Jan precipitation mm = 2.8 |
||
|Feb precipitation mm = |
|Feb precipitation mm = 6.0 |
||
|Mar precipitation mm = |
|Mar precipitation mm = 11.9 |
||
|Apr precipitation mm = |
|Apr precipitation mm = 26.4 |
||
|May precipitation mm = |
|May precipitation mm = 35.7 |
||
|Jun precipitation mm = |
|Jun precipitation mm = 52.1 |
||
|Jul precipitation mm = |
|Jul precipitation mm = 110.6 |
||
|Aug precipitation mm = |
|Aug precipitation mm = 115.1 |
||
|Sep precipitation mm = |
|Sep precipitation mm = 72.7 |
||
|Oct precipitation mm = |
|Oct precipitation mm = 36.1 |
||
|Nov precipitation mm = |
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.7 |
||
|Dec precipitation mm = |
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.8 |
||
|Jan humidity = 55 |
|||
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
|||
|Feb humidity = 51 |
|||
|Jan precipitation days = 2.4 |
|||
|Mar humidity = 45 |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 3.4 |
|||
|Apr humidity = 42 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 5.0 |
|||
|May humidity = 44 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 5.3 |
|||
|Jun humidity = 52 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 6.2 |
|||
|Jul humidity = 65 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 8.3 |
|||
|Aug humidity = 70 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 11.4 |
|||
|Sep humidity = 70 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 11.5 |
|||
|Oct humidity = 66 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 8.6 |
|||
|Nov humidity = 61 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 6.1 |
|||
|Dec humidity = 56 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 3.9 |
|||
| |
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |
||
|Jan precipitation days = 2.5 |
|||
|source 1 = Weather China<ref name="City Intro"> |
|||
|Feb precipitation days = 3.1 |
|||
|Mar precipitation days = 4.0 |
|||
|Apr precipitation days = 5.7 |
|||
|May precipitation days = 6.7 |
|||
|Jun precipitation days = 8.5 |
|||
|Jul precipitation days = 12 |
|||
|Aug precipitation days = 11.4 |
|||
|Sep precipitation days = 9.0 |
|||
|Oct precipitation days = 6.7 |
|||
|Nov precipitation days = 4.5 |
|||
|Dec precipitation days = 2.2 |
|||
|year precipitation days = |
|||
|Jan sun = 168.3 |
|||
|Feb sun = 162.8 |
|||
|Mar sun = 202.7 |
|||
|Apr sun = 228.7 |
|||
|May sun = 249.9 |
|||
|Jun sun = 230.0 |
|||
|Jul sun = 214.1 |
|||
|Aug sun = 205.1 |
|||
|Sep sun = 190.7 |
|||
|Oct sun = 189.9 |
|||
|Nov sun = 174.9 |
|||
|Dec sun = 168.2 |
|||
|year sun = |
|||
| Jan percentsun = 55 |
|||
| Feb percentsun = 53 |
|||
| Mar percentsun = 54 |
|||
| Apr percentsun = 58 |
|||
| May percentsun = 57 |
|||
| Jun percentsun = 52 |
|||
| Jul percentsun = 48 |
|||
| Aug percentsun = 49 |
|||
| Sep percentsun = 52 |
|||
| Oct percentsun = 55 |
|||
| Nov percentsun = 58 |
|||
| Dec percentsun = 57 |
|||
| year percentsun = |
|||
|Jan snow days = 3.2 |
|||
|Feb snow days = 3.5 |
|||
|Mar snow days = 2.1 |
|||
|Apr snow days = 0.4 |
|||
|May snow days = 0 |
|||
|Jun snow days = 0 |
|||
|Jul snow days = 0 |
|||
|Aug snow days = 0 |
|||
|Sep snow days = 0 |
|||
|Oct snow days = 0.2 |
|||
|Nov snow days = 2.0 |
|||
|Dec snow days = 3.3 |
|||
|year snow days = |
|||
|source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref><ref> |
|||
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =26 August 2023}}</ref> |
|||
|source 2 = Weather China<ref name="City Intro"> |
|||
{{cite web |url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101101100.shtml? | script-title=zh:吕梁 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |publisher = Weather China |language = zh-cn |access-date = 2011-12-21 |
{{cite web |url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101101100.shtml? | script-title=zh:吕梁 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 |publisher = Weather China |language = zh-cn |access-date = 2011-12-21 |
||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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| Line 362: | Line 421: | ||
== Transportation == |
== Transportation == |
||
*[[China National Highway 209]] |
*[[China National Highway 209]] |
||
*[[Lüliang Airport]] |
*[[Lüliang Dawu Airport]] |
||
*[[Taiyuan-Zhongwei-Yinchuan Railway]] |
*[[Taiyuan-Zhongwei-Yinchuan Railway]] |
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| Line 373: | Line 432: | ||
{{Shanxi topics}} |
{{Shanxi topics}} |
||
{{Shanxi}} |
{{Shanxi}} |
||
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} |
|||
{{Major cities along the Yellow River}} |
{{Major cities along the Yellow River}} |
||
Lüliang
吕梁市
Lvliang, Lyuliang
| |
|---|---|
Downtown Lishi District
| |
Location of Lüliang City jurisdiction in Shanxi
| |
  Lüliang Location of the city centre in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates (Lüliang municipal government): 37°31′08″N 111°08′40″E / 37.5190°N 111.1445°E / 37.5190; 111.1445 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| County-level divisions | 1 District 2 county-level cities 10 counties |
| Municipal seat | Lishi District |
| Government | |
| • Type | Prefecture-level city |
| • CPC Lvliang Secretary | Gao Weidong (高卫东) |
| • Mayor | Ding Xuefeng (丁雪峰) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 21,143 km2 (8,163 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,323 km2 (511 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 952 m (3,123 ft) |
| Population
(2020 census)[1]
| |
| • Prefecture-level city | 3,398,431 |
| • Density | 160/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 456,355 |
| • Urban density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 456,355 |
| • Metro density | 340/km2 (890/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 153.8 billion US$ 24.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 45,256 US$ 7,241 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code |
033000
|
| Area code | 0358 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SX-11 |
| Licence plates | 晋J |
| Administrative division code | 141100 |
| Website | www |
Lüliang (simplified Chinese: 吕梁; traditional Chinese: 呂梁; pinyin: Lǚliáng), also spelled as Lvliang[3]orLyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in the western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It borders Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of 21,143 square kilometres (8,163 sq mi) and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in the Lishi District metropolitan area.
![[icon]](https://akarinohon.com/text/taketori.cgi/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2015)
|
Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region,[4] the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, Lüliang was established as a prefecture-level area, and the area was reformed into a prefecture-level city in July 2004.
In 2010, the city had a GDP growth rate of 21%; at the time, prices for coal were high and the city had an active coal industry. There were plans to build a new business district in Lüliang, strongly supported by then-mayor Zhang Zhongsheng. However, in 2014, the GDP declined by 2%, and by 2015, due to a slowing economy, plans in Lüliang stalled and many apartment blocks were left unoccupied. Zhongsheng lost his job due to corruption in 2015, and was sentenced to death in 2021 on bribery charges, with a 2-year reprieve.[5][6]
The Chinese-American reproductive biologist Min Chueh Chang was born in Lüliang in 1908.
Lüliang has direct jurisdiction over 1 district, 2 county-level cities, and 10 counties:
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census)[7] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
| 1 | Lishi District | 离石区 | Líshí Qū | 320,142 | 1,323 | 242 |
| 2 | Xiaoyi City | 孝义市 | Xiàoyì Shì | 468,770 | 934 | 502 |
| 3 | Fenyang City | 汾阳市 | Fényáng Shì | 416,212 | 1,173 | 355 |
| 4 | Wenshui County | 文水县 | Wénshuǐ Xiàn | 421,199 | 1,069 | 394 |
| 5 | Zhongyang County | 中阳县 | Zhōngyáng Xiàn | 141,374 | 1,435 | 98 |
| 6 | Xing County | 兴县 | Xīng Xiàn | 279,373 | 3,164 | 88 |
| 7 | Lin County | 临县 | Lín Xiàn | 579,077 | 2,979 | 194 |
| 8 | Fangshan County | 方山县 | Fāngshān Xiàn | 143,809 | 1,433 | 100 |
| 9 | Liulin County | 柳林县 | Liǔlín Xiàn | 320,676 | 1,288 | 249 |
| 10 | Lan County | 岚县 | Lán Xiàn | 174,182 | 1,509 | 115 |
| 11 | Jiaokou County | 交口县 | Jiāokǒu Xiàn | 119,918 | 1,258 | 95 |
| 12 | Jiaocheng County | 交城县 | Jiāochéng Xiàn | 230,521 | 1,821 | 126 |
| 13 | Shilou County | 石楼县 | Shílóu Xiàn | 111,815 | 1,736 | 64 |
Lüliang has a monsoon-influenced continental climate, that, under the Köppen climate classification, falls on the borderline between the semi-arid (Köppen BSk) and humid continental (Dwa) regimes, and features large diurnal temperature variation. Winters are cold and very dry, while summers are hot and slightly humid. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) in January to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 9.5 °C (49.1 °F). Close to three-fourths of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September.
| Climate data for Lüliang (Lishi District), elevation 951 m (3,120 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.0 (59.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
39.8 (103.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
5.7 (42.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
20.1 (68.2) |
25.6 (78.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
23.6 (74.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
17.1 (62.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.2 (20.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.2 (64.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
11.7 (53.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0 (−14.8) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.8 (0.11) |
6.0 (0.24) |
11.9 (0.47) |
26.4 (1.04) |
35.7 (1.41) |
52.1 (2.05) |
110.6 (4.35) |
115.1 (4.53) |
72.7 (2.86) |
36.1 (1.42) |
16.7 (0.66) |
2.8 (0.11) |
488.9 (19.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 12 | 11.4 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 76.3 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 14.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 55 | 51 | 45 | 42 | 44 | 52 | 65 | 70 | 70 | 66 | 61 | 56 | 56 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 168.3 | 162.8 | 202.7 | 228.7 | 249.9 | 230.0 | 214.1 | 205.1 | 190.7 | 189.9 | 174.9 | 168.2 | 2,385.3 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 55 | 53 | 54 | 58 | 57 | 52 | 48 | 49 | 52 | 55 | 58 | 57 | 54 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[10] | |||||||||||||
|
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| Prefecture-level cities |
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Major cities along the Yellow River
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Province-level subdivisions | Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches) |
|
| Gansu |
| |
| Ningxia |
| |
| Inner Mongolia |
| |
| Shanxi |
| |
| Shaanxi |
| |
| Henan |
| |
| Shandong |
| |
Major cities along the Pearl River · Major cities along the Yangtze River | ||
