Jining
济宁市
Tsining
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| Jining City | |
From top left: Jining city skyline, Weishan Lake, Taibai Lou
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| Nickname(s): | |
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Location of Jining in Shandong
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| Coordinates (Jining municipal government): 35°24′54″N 116°35′14″E / 35.4151°N 116.5871°E / 35.4151; 116.5871 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 12 |
| Municipal seat | Shizhong District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Fu Mingxian (傅明先) |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 11,186.97 km2 (4,319.31 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,534.2 km2 (592.4 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 884 km2 (341 sq mi) |
| Population
(2010 census)
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| • Prefecture-level city | 8,081,905 |
| • Density | 720/km2 (1,900/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,859,406 |
| • Urban density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,518,000 |
| • Metro density | 1,700/km2 (4,400/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 493 billion US$ 74.5 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 58,972 US$ 8,912 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0537 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-08 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁H |
Jining (simplified Chinese: 济宁; traditional Chinese: 濟寧 / 濟寗; pinyin: Jǐníng) is a former capital of Shandong.[2] Is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong province. It borders Heze to the southwest, Zaozhuang to the southeast, Tai'an to the northeast, and the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu to the northwest and south respectively. Jining, which is located directly to the north of Lake Nanyang (Chinese: 南阳湖; pinyin: Nányáng Hú), is today the northernmost city reachable by navigation on the Grand Canal of China making it an important inland port.
Its population was 8,081,905 at the 2010 census, of whom 1,518,000 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Rencheng urban district on 884 km2 (341 sq mi), Yanzhou district not being totally conurbated yet.
The name Jining was first given to the region in the year 1271 during the Song dynasty, although the exact area and type of administrative district it refers to have varied over the centuries.[3] Jining has several distinctive associations in Chinese history and culture, as in antiquity it was the birthplace and home of Confucius, along with many of his more famous disciples, including Mencius. Temples to a number of these philosophers still exist in various parts of the prefecture. Liangshan, a county of Jining, is also famous as the principal setting of the Chinese literary classic, Water Margin.
In 2020, the Shandong government reported that a prison guard at Rencheng jail in Jining had shown COVID-19 symptoms in early February and that subsequently more than 2,000 inmates and staff were tested, with 200 prisoners and seven officers coming back positive.[4][5] The provincial government said Xie Weijun, party secretary for Shandong's department of justice, and seven prison officials had been fired for mismanagement of the outbreak.[5]
The prefecture-level city of Jining administers 11 county-level divisions, including two districts, two county-level cities and seven counties.
| Map |
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Jining City is located in the East Asian monsoon climate zone, a warm temperate monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. In summer, there are many southerly winds, influenced by tropical oceanic air masses or degenerate tropical oceanic air masses, with high temperatures and heavy rains; in winter, there are many northerly winds, influenced by polar continental air masses, with sunny and cold weather; spring and autumn are the periods of adjustment of atmospheric circulation, with drought and wind in the spring, and quick warming; autumn is cool, but with occasional rains and cloudy conditions.Having abundant light energy resources is a prominent feature of Jining's climate. The average annual temperature in Jining is 13.3–14.1 °C (55.9–57.4 °F), and the average frost-free period is 199 days. The average annual precipitation is around 597–820 millimetres (23.5–32.3 in).[6]
| Climate data for Jining (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
27.6 (81.7) |
32.8 (91.0) |
37.5 (99.5) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.3 (97.3) |
34.6 (94.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
40.8 (105.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
32.1 (89.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
6.8 (44.2) |
20.1 (68.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
9.4 (48.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.7 (81.9) |
26.3 (79.3) |
21.9 (71.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
1.9 (35.4) |
14.9 (58.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
10.3 (50.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.2 (2.8) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.5 (0.30) |
12.9 (0.51) |
16.6 (0.65) |
38.4 (1.51) |
52.0 (2.05) |
80.0 (3.15) |
166.7 (6.56) |
173.2 (6.82) |
66.5 (2.62) |
32.4 (1.28) |
29.0 (1.14) |
10.0 (0.39) |
685.2 (26.98) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.7 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 3.3 | 72.6 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 8.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62 | 58 | 55 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 76 | 79 | 74 | 68 | 69 | 65 | 66 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 151.2 | 154.9 | 205.5 | 230.9 | 251.7 | 228.0 | 192.5 | 188.6 | 190.0 | 188.9 | 160.7 | 153.0 | 2,295.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 48 | 50 | 55 | 59 | 58 | 53 | 44 | 46 | 52 | 55 | 53 | 51 | 52 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Jining is situated in a coal mining area in the southwest of Shandong. An industrial city, Jining has a coal-fired power station, the Jining Power Plant. The city is served by Jining Da'an Airport.
In 2022, Jining's Gross Regional Product (GRP) finished at 531.69 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 4.4%.[9]
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Jining (Shandong) travel guide from Wikivoyage|
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