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The act provided a quota of 100 [[ |
The act provided a quota of 100 [[Filipinos]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans |last=Bayor |first=Ronald |year=2011 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-0-313-35786-2 |page=714 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YN9jC2_7UHYC&lpg=PA714&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act&pg=PA714#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2011}}</ref> and 100 [[Indian people|Indians]] to immigrate into the United States per year.<ref>{{cite book |title=Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans |last=Bayor |first=Ronald |year=2011 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-0-313-35786-2 |page=969 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YN9jC2_7UHYC&lpg=PA714&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act&pg=PA969#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2011}}</ref> As the Philippines became [[Treaty of Manila (1946)|independent from the United States]] in 1946, Filipinos would have been [[Asiatic Barred Zone Act|barred]] from immigrating without the Act.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mobilizing an Asian American community |last=Trinh Võ |first=Linda |year=2004 |publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-1-59213-262-1 |pages=20–21 |pages=288 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=etKbIhfnCiYC&lpg=PA20&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act%20Filipino%20Indian&pg=PA20#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act%20Filipino%20Indian&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2012 |quote=The Philippines was granted independence in 1946, and Filipinos, then barred from immigration along with individuals from other countries in the "Eastern Hemisphere," were allotted 100 immigration slots (Yu 1980).}}</ref> |
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The act also allowed [[Filipino Americans]] and [[Indian Americans]] to [[United States nationality law#Naturalization|naturalize]] and become [[United States citizen]]s.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Columbia Guide to Asian American History |last=Okihiro |first=Gary Y. |year=2005 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-231-11511-7 |page=24 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2ZDkwy7CURgC&lpg=PA24&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2011}}</ref> Upon becoming citizens, the new Americans could own homes and farmland, and petition for family from their nation of birth.<ref>{{cite book |title=Filipinos in Stockton |last=Mabalon |first=Dawn B. |coauthors=Rico Reyes, Filipino American National Historical Society, Little Manila Foundation |year=2008 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-5624-6 |page=8 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ckpjRPYfEk8C&lpg=PA40&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2012}}</ref> |
The act also allowed [[Filipino Americans]] and [[Indian Americans]] to [[United States nationality law#Naturalization|naturalize]] and become [[United States citizen]]s.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Columbia Guide to Asian American History |last=Okihiro |first=Gary Y. |year=2005 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-231-11511-7 |page=24 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2ZDkwy7CURgC&lpg=PA24&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2011}}</ref> Upon becoming citizens, the new Americans could own homes and farmland, and petition for family from their nation of birth.<ref>{{cite book |title=Filipinos in Stockton |last=Mabalon |first=Dawn B. |coauthors=Rico Reyes, Filipino American National Historical Society, Little Manila Foundation |year=2008 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-5624-6 |page=8 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ckpjRPYfEk8C&lpg=PA40&dq=Luce-Celler%20Act&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q=Luce-Celler%20Act&f=false |accessdate=7 February 2012}}</ref> |
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The Luce–Celler Act of 1946 was proposed by Republican Clare Boothe Luce and Democrat Emanuel Celler in 1943 and signed into law by President Harry Truman on July 2, 1946.
The act provided a quota of 100 Filipinos,[1] and 100 Indians to immigrate into the United States per year.[2] As the Philippines became independent from the United States in 1946, Filipinos would have been barred from immigrating without the Act.[3]
The act also allowed Filipino Americans and Indian Americanstonaturalize and become United States citizens.[4] Upon becoming citizens, the new Americans could own homes and farmland, and petition for family from their nation of birth.[5]
The Philippines was granted independence in 1946, and Filipinos, then barred from immigration along with individuals from other countries in the "Eastern Hemisphere," were allotted 100 immigration slots (Yu 1980).
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