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{{Use New Zealand English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2012}}
{{Infobox government agency
| name                 = Ministry of Works and Development
| native_name          = 
| native_name_a        = 
| native_name_r        = 
| type                 = 
| seal                 = 
| seal_width           = 
| seal_caption         = 
| logo                 = New Zealand Ministry of Works logo.jpg
| logo_width           = 
| logo_caption         = Ministry of Works logo in the 1970s-90s
| image                = 
| image_size           = 
| image_caption        = 
| formed               = 1871
| preceding1           = 
| preceding2           = 
| dissolved            = 1993
| superseding1         = Works Consultancy Services
| superseding2         = Works Civil Construction
| jurisdiction         = 
| headquarters         = 
| coordinates          = 
| motto                = 
| employees            = 
| budget               = 
| minister1_name       = [[Minister of Works (New Zealand)|Minister of Works]]
| minister1_pfo        = 
| minister2_name       = 
| minister2_pfo        = 
| chief1_name          = 
| chief1_position      = 
| chief2_name          = 
| chief2_position      = 
| public_protector     = 
| deputy               = 
| parent_department    = 
| parent_agency        = 
| parent_agency_type   = 
| child1_agency        = 
| child2_agency        = 
| keydocument1         = 
| website              = 
| agency_id            = 
}}

The [[New Zealand]] '''Ministry of Works and Development''', formerly the '''Department of Public Works''' and often referred to as the Public Works Department or PWD, was founded in 1871<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc01Cycl-t1-body-d3-d15-d9.html|title=Public Works Department|website=nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/|language=en|access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> and disestablished and sold off in 1988. The Ministry had its own [[New Zealand Cabinet|Cabinet]]-level responsible minister, the [[Minister of Works (New Zealand)|Minister of Works]] or Minister of Public Works.

Historically, the state has played an important part in developing the New Zealand economy. For many years the Public Works Department (which became the Ministry of Works in 1948 and the Ministry of Works and Development in 1974) undertook most major construction work in New Zealand, including roads, railways and power stations. After the reform of the state sector, beginning in 1984, the ministry disappeared and its remnants now have to compete for government work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/2632/ministry-of-works-and-development-staff|title=Ministry of Works and Development staff|last=Mackley|first=Ian|last2=Taonga|first2=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|website=teara.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=2019-10-28}}</ref>

The Ministry of Works and Development was disestablished in 1988 and a Residual Management Unit continued to oversee the Ministry's operations and assets until formally ending in 1993. It was abolished via the Ministry of Works and Development Abolition Act 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nzlii.org/nz/legis/hist_act/mowadaa19881988n42491/ |title=Ministry of Works and Development Abolition Act 1988 (1988 No 42) |website=Parliamentary Counsel Office |language=en |access-date=24 June 2021 }}</ref>

==Structure and operations==
[[File:Restored building, Napier NZ.jpg|thumb|The former Ministry of Works Building in Napier, built in 1938 in [[Art Deco]] and [[Stripped Classical]] style<ref>{{cite book |title=Art Deco Inventory |url= http://www.napier.govt.nz/assets/Document-Library/Other/artdeco-inventory.pdf |last1=Napier City Council |last2=Art Deco Trust |year=2004 |edition=2nd |access-date=12 July 2014 |pages=78–80 |format=PDF}}</ref>]]
The Head Office of the Ministry was in the Vogel Building in Wellington, named after former Premier Sir [[Julius Vogel]], who helped create the Public Works Department during his term in office, through the [[List of Statutes of New Zealand (1840–90)|Immigration and Public Works Act 1870]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = 8.  – History of immigration – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|url = http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/history-of-immigration/page-8|website = www.teara.govt.nz|access-date = 2016-01-16|language = en|first = New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu|last = Taonga}}</ref> This building held the ''Vogel Computer'', one of the largest in New Zealand and used by several government departments for engineering work. The Ministry moved to the Vogel Building in about 1966 from the [[Old Government Buildings, Wellington|Old Government Building]] on Lambton Quay.

During the [[Great Depression]] the department was relied on by the government to provide unemployment relief, constructing infrastructure mostly using human labour at reduced salaries. The [[First Labour Government of New Zealand|First Labour Government]] resumed the department's original function as the development arm of the state although from May 1936 (when a new three year public works programme was announced) whence relief work for the unemployed not only continued but all relief workers were placed on the standard £4 a week rate of pay.<ref>{{cite book |first=Barry |last=Gustafson |author-link=Barry Gustafson |title=From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage |place=[[Auckland]], New Zealand |publisher=Reed Methuen |year=1986 |isbn=0-474-00138-5 |pages=184}}</ref>

The ministry was renamed the '''Ministry of Works''' on 16 March 1943 under the [[List of Statutes of New Zealand (1935–49)|Ministry of Works Act]]. This was to reflect the extended wartime functions, when the Minister explained it was, "to ensure that, whilst the building and constructional potential of the country is limited by war and immediate post-war conditions, it is assembled and utilized in the most efficient manner from the point of view of the national interest".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1946-I.2.2.3.3&srpos=591|title=AtoJs Online — Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives — 1946 Session I  — D-03 MINISTRY OF WORKS REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF WORKS FOR THE PERIOD ENDED 31st MARCH, 1946|website=atojs.natlib.govt.nz|page=9|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref>

In 1944 the ministry was involved in the "great furniture scandal" when asked to order items of furniture for the new Legation in Moscow, to be headed by [[Charles Boswell]]. The list of items to be shipped from New Zealand to Moscow (via Tehran and Central Asia) included 40 armchairs, 10 couches, a billiard table, and palm stands. Apparently made after looking at furniture in Government House and ministerial houses, the order could have seated almost the entire House of Representatives; it was cancelled by Prime Minister [[Peter Fraser]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Hensley |first= Gerald |title= Beyond the Battlefield: New Zealand and its Allies 1939-45 |year= 2009 |publisher=Viking/Penguin  |location= North Shore Auckland |isbn= 978-06-700-7404-4 |pages= 330, 331 }}</ref>

During the latter years of the Ministry there were seven District Offices (Auckland, Hamilton, Wanganui, Napier, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin) each headed by a District Commissioner of Works. In each District there were a number of Residency Offices (headed by a Resident Engineer) and each had a number of Depots. The primary purpose of this 6000 strong workforce was the maintenance of the existing and planning and construction of replacement sections of the State Highway network. In addition there were Project Offices set up for a particular purpose, such as to build a power project, airport, tunnel or irrigation scheme.

==Dissolution==

While the policy functions were either disestablished or passed on to other Government departments, the commercial operations were set up as Works and Development Services Corporation (a state-owned enterprise) and the computing bureau and the buildings maintenance units were sold. The corporation had two main subsidiaries, Works Consultancy Services and Works Civil Construction. These were sold in 1996 and became [[Opus International Group|Opus International Consultants]] and [[Works Infrastructure]] respectively, and the corporation was disestablished.

==Major projects==

===Military equipment===
* [[Bob Semple tank]] (1941)

===Military installations===
* [[Ohakea]] and [[Whenuapai]] aircraft hangars (1939)
* [[Stony Batter]] (1944)
* [[Wrights Hill Fortress]] (1943)

===Electricity===

====Projects====
* [[Waitaki Dam]] (Completed 1935)
* [[Roxburgh Dam]]
* [[Tekapo A]] (Completed 1951)
* Benmore Power Station (1965)
* [[Aviemore Dam]] (1968)
* Tekapo B
* [[Ohau A]], [[Ohau B|B]] and [[Ohau C|C]].
* [[Lake Ruataniwha]]
* [[Clyde Dam]] (Completed 1989)
* [[Te Anau and Manapouri Lake Control Structures]] (1971-1974)
* [[Huntly Power Station]] (Commissioned 1983)

In the North Island, the [[Tongariro Power Scheme]] was completed between 1964 and 1983.

===Railways===

====History====
Under the Public Works Act 1876, the Department of Public Works was responsible for the operation of [[Rail transport in New Zealand|New Zealand's railway network]] from 1876 until 1880, when operations were transferred to the [[New Zealand Railways Department]]. This transfer did not end the PWD's railway operations, as it still operated railway lines when under construction, sometimes providing revenue services prior to the official transfer of the line to the Railways Department. The PWD owned its own locomotives and rolling stock, some second-hand from the Railways Department, and it operated some small railway lines that were never transferred to the Railways Department. One example is a 6.4&nbsp;km [[branch line]] built in 1928 from near the terminus of the Railways Department's [[Kurow Branch]] to a [[hydro-electric dam]] project on the [[Waitaki River]]. This branch was not solely used to service the dam project; the PWD used its own rolling stock to provide a service for school children who attended school in [[Kurow]], and occasionally special Railways Department trains operated on the line with PWD motive power, including a 1931 sightseeing excursion to view the under-construction dam. This line was removed in April 1937 as the PWD no longer required it.

====Projects====
* [[North Island Main Trunk]] railway (completed 1908)
** [[Raurimu Spiral]] (1898)
* [[Otira Tunnel]] (completed 1923)
* [[East Coast Main Trunk Railway]] (completed 1928)
* [[Eastern Line (Auckland)|Westfield deviation]] (completed 1929)
* [[Auckland railway station]] (1930)
* [[Stratford–Okahukura Line]] (completed 1932)
* [[Tawa Flat deviation]] (completed 1935)
* [[Kaimai Tunnel|Kaimai Railway Tunnel]] (completed 1978)
* [[Wellington Urban Motorway]] (from 1965 to 1975) Project was stopped at Ghuznee Street, by the Government of the day. Completion is now being talked about, 45 years on.

==Public Works Department Steam Locomotive Roster==
Locomotive fleet numbers came into effect in the 1905 financial year. The block of numbers 501 to 550 were reserved by PWD, whilst numbers 1-500 and 551 onward were NZR locomotives. In later years, this agreement with [[New Zealand Railways Department]] was given flexibility. From World War 2, PWD used a new system of fleet numbers, with the year of introduction, followed by actual fleet number.

{{NZR locomotive list}}
 
{| class="sortable wikitable" border="1"
|-
! PWD Number
! NZR class<br>and number
! Type
! Builder 
! Introduced
! Withdrawn
! Notes
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 
| F36
| 0-6-0ST
| [[Neilson and Company|Neilson]]
| 1879
| 1886
| Named "[[Edie Ochiltree]]". Ex NZR. Returned to NZR as F 13 1886-1964. Preserved at [[Ferrymead Railway]]
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 
| A
| 0-4-0T
| [[E.W Mills]]
| 1878
| 1884
| Named "Opossum". From NZR. To industry 1884-1952. Preserved at [[Shantytown, New Zealand]]
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 471
| 
| 0-4-4-0T
| [[Heisler locomotive|Heisler]]
| 1947
| 1952
| Heisler geared locomotive purchased from [[Taupo railway proposals|Taupo Totara Timber Co.]]. Scrapped.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 472
| 
| 2-4-4-2
| [[American Locomotive Company|ALCO]]
| 1947
| 1954
| Mallet Compound. From [[Taupo railway proposals|Taupo Totara Timber Co.]]. Preserved at [[Glenbrook Vintage Railway]]
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 473
| 
| 0-4-4-0T
| [[Heisler locomotive|Heisler]]
| 1947
| 1952
| Heisler geared locomotive purchased from [[Taupo railway proposals|Taupo Totara Timber Co.]]. Scrapped.
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 501
| W<sup>F</sup>
| 2-6-4T
| [[A & G Price]]
| 1906
| 1909
| Built to W<sup>F</sup> specification for PWD. Sold to NZR, 1909. Renmbered W<sup>F</sup>467
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 502
| W<sup>F</sup>
| 2-6-4T
| [[A & G Price]]
| 1906
| 1909
| Built to W<sup>F</sup> specification for PWD. Sold to NZR, 1909. Renmbered W<sup>F</sup>468
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 503
| F 37
| 0-6-0ST
| [[Neilson and Company|Neilson]]
| 1879
| 1940
| Formerly named "Rob Roy", by NZR.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 504
| E 175
| 0-4-4-0T
| [[Vulcan Foundry]]
| 1900
| 1917
| Named "Josephine". Ex Dunedin and Port Chalmers Rly. EX NZR. Preserved at [[Toitū Otago Settlers Museum|Otago Early Settlers Museum]].
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 505
| C 194
| 0-4-2ST
| [[Neilson and Company|Neilson]]
| 1893
| 1945
| Sold to industry, 1945.
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 506
| D 198
| 2-4-0T
| [[Neilson and Company|Neilson]]
| 1899
| 1930
| 
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 507
| L 207
| 2-4-0T
| [[Avonside Engine Company|Avonside]]
| 1901
| 1931
| To industry 1931-1972. Preserved at [[Museum of Transport and Technology]], [[Auckland]].
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 508
| L 208
| 2-4-0T
| [[Avonside Engine Company|Avonside]]
| 1901
| 1931
| To industry 1931-1974. Preserved at [[Shantytown, New Zealand]]
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 509
| L 219
| 2-4-0T
| [[Avonside Engine Company|Avonside]]
| 1903
| 1948
| To industry 1948-1973. Preserved at [[Silver Stream Railway]].
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 510
| D 315
| 2-4-0T
| [[Scott Brothers (locomotive manufacturers)|Scott Bros.]]
| 1901
| 1930
| Ex [[New Zealand Midland Railway Company]] No.6
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 511
| E 174
| 0-4-4-0T
| [[Avonside Engine Company]]
| 1900
| circa 1908
| Loaned from NZR. Written off 1899. Scrapped 1915.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 512
| C 132
| 0-4-2ST
| [[Dübs and Company|Dübs]]
| 1885
| 1927
| Industrial use 1927-1971. Preserved at [[Silver Stream Railway]].
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 513
| D 196
| 2-4-0T
| [[Neilson and Company|Neilson]]
| 1914
| 1955
| 
|- style="background:#ffc0cb;"
| 514
| 
| 0-6-0ST
| [[Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.|Barclay]]
| 1915
| Unknown
| Last used in the Tangarakau area. No details exist of subsequent sale or disposal.<ref>NZ Railway Observer Vol 314</ref>
|-
| 515
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 516
| R 33
| 0-6-4T 
| [[Avonside Engine Company|Avonside]]
| 1917
| 1932
| Single Fairlie. 
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 517
| D 145
| 2-4-0T
| [[Neilson and Company|Neilson]]
| 1919
| 1955
| 
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 518
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.|Barclay]]
| 1919
| 1942
| To industry 1942. Converted to Petrol-Mechanical 1960.
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 519
| D 108
| 2-4-0T
| [[Scott Brothers (locomotive manufacturers)|Scott Bros.]]
| 1920
| 1930
| 
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 520
| D 142
| 2-4-0T
| [[Scott Brothers (locomotive manufacturers)|Scott Bros.]]
| 1920
| Unknown
| 
|-
| 521
|-
| 522
|-
| 523
|-
| 524
|-
| 525
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 526
| 
| 0-4-0ST
| [[Davenport Locomotive Works|Davenport]]
| 1921
| 1937
| Bought new. To storage 1937-1999. Preserved at East Coast Museum of Technology, [[Gisborne, New Zealand]].
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 527
| 
| 0-4-0ST
| [[Davenport Locomotive Works|Davenport]]
| 1921
| Unknown
| 
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 528
| 
| 0-4-0ST
| [[Davenport Locomotive Works|Davenport]]
| 1921
| 1935
| To industry 1935-1945. On display at [[Bruce Bay]].
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 529
| 
| 0-4-0ST
| [[Davenport Locomotive Works|Davenport]]
| 1921
| Unknown
| 
|-
| 530
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 531
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.|Barclay]]
| 1921
| 1940
| To NZR Ways and Works branch 1940-1954. Preserved [[Silver Stream Railway]].
|-
| 532
|- style="background:#ffc0cb;"
| 533
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.|Barclay]]
| 1921
| 1943
| Dumped at Oaro. Still extant.
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 534
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| Unknown
| Last recorded PWD use at Taneatua, 1927.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 535
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| 1935
| To industry 1935-1960. Preserved at Oamaru Steam and Rail.
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 536
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| 1947
| 
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 537
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| 1950
| 
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 538
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| 1941
| Written off after collision with a truck near Oaro.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 539
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| 1947
| To New Zealand Army 1947-1962. Preserved [[Tokomaru, New Zealand|Tokomaru Steam Museum]]
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 540
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| 1951
| To industry 1951-1960. Preserved at [[Ocean Beach Railway]]
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 541
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1921
| Unknown
| Known to be used on Gisborne-Napier construction. Recorded at Wairoa, 1944, by A.J Wells (photographs). 
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 542
| Y 542
| 0-6-0T
| [[Hunslet Engine Company|Hunslet]]
| 1923
| 1945
| Bought new. To NZR 1945. To industry 1957-1985. Preserved [[Museum of Transport and Technology]]
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 543
| Y 543
| 0-6-0T
| [[Hunslet Engine Company|Hunslet]]
| 1923
| 1938
| Bought new. To NZR 1938-1958
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 544
| Y 544
| 0-6-0T
| [[Hunslet Engine Company|Hunslet]]
| 1923
| 1945
| Bought new. To NZR 1945-1957.
|-
| 545
|-
| 546
|-- style="background:#cecece;"
| 547
|
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1924
| 1930
| Retained for parts. Scrapped 1939.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 548
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1924
| 1936
| Retained by PWD for parts. Preserved at McLeans Island by Canterbury Steam Preservation Society.
|- style="background:#98ff98;"
| 549
| C 236
| 0-4-2ST
| [[Dübs and Company|Dübs]]
| 1925
| 1929
| From NZR Maintenance Dept. Dumped at Te Kuha, 1929. Recovered 1995, preserved at Westport Railway Preservation Society.
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 550
| 
| 0-4-0T
| [[John Fowler & Co.|Fowler]]
| 1925
| Unknown
| 
|- style="background:#cecece;"
| 551
| 
| 0-6-0T
| [[Andrew Barclay Sons & Co.|Barclay]]
| 1928
| 1951
| Purchased from Wellington Farmers Meat Co 1921-1928. To Burkes Creek Colliery 1951-1962.
|}

==See also==
*[[Minister of Works (New Zealand)]]
*[[The Vogel Era]]
*[[Opus International Group]]
*[[Works Infrastructure]]
*[[Downer EDI Works]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

===References===
{{commons category|Ministry of Works (New Zealand)}}
*''[[iarchive:by-design-1975|By Design: A brief history of the Public Works Department Ministry of Works 1870-1970]]'' by [[Rosslyn Noonan|Rosslyn J. Noonan]] (1975, Crown Copyright)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Works, Ministry of}}
[[Category:Defunct organisations based in New Zealand|Ministry of Works]]
[[Category:Former government agencies of New Zealand]]
[[Category:1870 establishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1993 disestablishments in New Zealand]]

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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}

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New Zealand Ministry of Works: Sitelink, Title, Description: en

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