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=== Early independence and 19th century === |
=== Early independence and 19th century === |
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Professional theater in Maryland died out during the [[American Revolution]] but was reestablished by 1780, now with Baltimore having replaced Annapolis as a cultural capital in the state.<ref name="MD"/> Maryland ratified the federal Constitution on April 28, 1788 |
Professional theater in Maryland died out during the [[American Revolution]] but was reestablished by 1780, now with Baltimore having replaced Annapolis as a cultural capital in the state.<ref name="MD"/> Maryland ratified the federal Constitution on April 28, 1788 and became the seventh state in the Union. The Holiday Street Theater in Baltimore opened in 1793 and was one of the first large theaters in the country, showcasing light theater, opera, and concerts. In 1822, [[Arthur Clifton]] from Baltimore debuted his opera ''The Enterprise'', while religious music flourished after the 1821 opening of the first constructed [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Roman Catholic Cathedral]] in the country. The [[African Methodist Episcopal]] churches in Maryland were home to singing traditions using the [[shape-note]] method.<ref name = "MD"/> |
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By the turn of the century, the middle classes of Maryland were holding regular dances featuring the [[cotillion]], [[quadrille]], [[schottische]], [[polka]] and [[waltz]]. Eastern European dances were also popular, brought by immigrants from various countries. Many immigrants in Maryland moved to Baltimore, forming their own distinct neighborhoods with German [[List of German expressions in English|liederkranz]] singing societies, and Irish [[St. Patrick's Day]] parades and Jewish chants flourished among their respective communities. Maryland was home to several folk traditions, including the [[work song]]s of rail and canal diggers and the crab- and oystermen of the Chesapeake Bay, whose repertoire varied from hymns to risqué songs and [[music of the Bahamas|Bahaman shanties]].<ref name = "MD"/> |
By the turn of the century, the middle classes of Maryland were holding regular dances featuring the [[cotillion]], [[quadrille]], [[schottische]], [[polka]] and [[waltz]]. Eastern European dances were also popular, brought by immigrants from various countries. Many immigrants in Maryland moved to Baltimore, forming their own distinct neighborhoods with German [[List of German expressions in English|liederkranz]] singing societies, and Irish [[St. Patrick's Day]] parades and Jewish chants flourished among their respective communities. Maryland was home to several folk traditions, including the [[work song]]s of rail and canal diggers and the crab- and oystermen of the Chesapeake Bay, whose repertoire varied from hymns to risqué songs and [[music of the Bahamas|Bahaman shanties]].<ref name = "MD"/> |
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[[Image:PeabodyInstitute.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Peabody Institute]] in Baltimore in about 1902]] |
[[Image:PeabodyInstitute.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Peabody Institute]] in Baltimore in about 1902]] |
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[[Music school|Conservatories]], institutes of music education, were introduced to the United States in the mid to late 19th century, beginning with Baltimore's [[Peabody Institute]]'s [[Peabody Conservatory of Music|Conservatory of Music]], founded in 1857. The Peabody trained numerous musicians who went on to found most of Baltimore's major musical organizations, including the [[Baltimore Opera]], [[Baltimore Choral Arts]] and the [[Baltimore Symphony Orchestra]]. Though founded in 1857, the Peabody Institute did not hold an orchestral concert until after the Civil War, when [[James Monroe Deems]] directed a concert; Deems was a musician and composer, known for ''Nebuchadnezzar'', one of the first American [[oratorio]]s. He was succeeded by [[Lucien Southard]], who failed to organize the |
[[Music school|Conservatories]], institutes of music education, were introduced to the United States in the mid to late 19th century, beginning with Baltimore's [[Peabody Institute]]'s [[Peabody Conservatory of Music|Conservatory of Music]], founded in 1857. The Peabody trained numerous musicians who went on to found most of Baltimore's major musical organizations, including the [[Baltimore Opera]], [[Baltimore Choral Arts]] and the [[Baltimore Symphony Orchestra]]. Though founded in 1857, the Peabody Institute did not hold an orchestral concert until after the Civil War, when [[James Monroe Deems]] directed a concert; Deems was a musician and composer, known for ''Nebuchadnezzar'', one of the first American [[oratorio]]s. He was succeeded by [[Lucien Southard]], who failed to organize the Institute (then known as the ''Academy of Music''), blaming the lack of a "proper musical atmosphere" in Baltimore. It was not until [[Asger Hamerik]]'s reign that the Peabody Symphony Orchestra finally became successful, one of only five professional orchestras in the country at the time. Hamerik was an advocate of American music and regularly included the works of American composers, eschewing the more typical European programs.<ref name = "MD"/> |
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The Peabody during Hamerik's leadership produced such noted individuals as [[Otto Sutro]], publisher, music store owner and host of a music society called the Wednesday Club, and with fellow Peabody alum Fritz Finke, founder of the Oratorio Society. In 1871, Ford's Grand Opera House opened, followed three years later by the [[Academy of Music (Baltimore)|Academy of Music]]; this new ''Academy of Music'' shared the name with the Peabody Institute's organization, but in the same year changed to the ''Conservatory of Music''. The Academy's conductor, [[Adam Itzel, Jr.]] was a very popular composer, known for the national hit light opera ''The Tar and the Tartar''.<ref name = "MD"/> |
The Peabody during Hamerik's leadership produced such noted individuals as [[Otto Sutro]], publisher, music store owner and host of a music society called the Wednesday Club, and with fellow Peabody alum Fritz Finke, founder of the Oratorio Society. In 1871, Ford's Grand Opera House opened, followed three years later by the [[Academy of Music (Baltimore)|Academy of Music]]; this new ''Academy of Music'' shared the name with the Peabody Institute's organization, but in the same year changed to the ''Conservatory of Music''. The Academy's conductor, [[Adam Itzel, Jr.]] was a very popular composer, known for the national hit light opera ''The Tar and the Tartar''.<ref name = "MD"/> |
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
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